tomcat web.xml配置
引用 http://blog.csdn.net/doupei2006/article/details/7939502
web.xml中关于Servlet、Filter、Listener的配置
(一)web.xml不同元素的加载顺序
加载顺序与它们在 web.xml 文件中的先后顺序无关。即不会因为 filter 写在 listener 的前面而会先加载 filter。
web.xml 的加载顺序是:ServletContext -> context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet ,而同个类型之间的实际程序调用的时候的顺序是根据对应的 mapping 的顺序进行调用的
(二)web.xml文件详解
(2.1)
首先是schema
- <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
- version="2.4">
- </web-app>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4"> </web-app>其他元素都放在<web-app></web-app>中
<discription></discription>是对站点的描述
<display-name></display-name>定义站点名称
<distributable></distributable>是指定该站台是否可分布式处理
(2.2)
如下方式设置web站点的环境参数
- <context-param>
- <param-name>my_param</param-name>
- <param-value>hello</param-value>
- </context-param>
<context-param> <param-name>my_param</param-name> <param-value>hello</param-value> </context-param>
另外有如下方式设置环境变量
- <env-entry>
- <env-entry-name>minExemptions</env-entry-name>
- <env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value>
- <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>
- </env-entry>
<env-entry> <env-entry-name>minExemptions</env-entry-name> <env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value> <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type> </env-entry>
在设置该参数my_param后,在servlet中可以用getServletContext().getInitParameter("my_param")来获得
(2.3)Filter过滤器
如下方式设置Filter,有元素<filter-name>、<filter-class>、<init-param>
- <filter>
- <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
- <filter-class>com.myTest.setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>encoding</param-name>
- <param-value>GB2312</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </filter>
<filter> <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name> <filter-class>com.myTest.setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>GB2312</param-value> </init-param> </filter>
< filter-mapping>要和<filter>配套使用设置如下出现在<filter>之后
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping> <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
(2.4)Listener监听器
如下方式设置设定Listener接口(主要有子元素<listener-class></listener-class>定义Listener的类名称
- <listener>
- <listener-class>com.myTest.ContextListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
<listener> <listener-class>com.myTest.ContextListener</listener-class> </listener>
(2.5)Servlet
如下方式定义servlet和servlet-mapping
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>ShoppingServlet</servlet-name> <!--指定servlet名称-->
- <servlet-class>com.myTest.ShoppingServlet</servlet-class> <!--指定servlet的类名(实现)-->
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>ShoppingServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/shop/ShoppingServlet</url-pattern> <!--指定servlet所对应的url-->
- </servlet-mapping>
<servlet> <servlet-name>ShoppingServlet</servlet-name> <!--指定servlet名称--> <servlet-class>com.myTest.ShoppingServlet</servlet-class> <!--指定servlet的类名(实现)--> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ShoppingServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/shop/ShoppingServlet</url-pattern> <!--指定servlet所对应的url--> </servlet-mapping>
(2.6)定义session参数
<session-config></session-config> 用来定义web站台中的session参数,包含一个子元素:
<session-timeout></session-timeout> 用来定义这个web站台所有session的有效期限,单位为( 分钟)
(2.7)定义某一个扩展名和某一个MIME Type做对映
- <mime-mapping>
- <extension>doc</extension> <!--扩展的名称-->
- <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word</mime-type> <!--MIME格式-->
- </mime-mapping>
- <mime-mapping>
- <extension>xls</extension>
- <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
- </mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping> <extension>doc</extension> <!--扩展的名称--> <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word</mime-type> <!--MIME格式--> </mime-mapping> <mime-mapping> <extension>xls</extension> <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type> </mime-mapping>
(2.8)定义首页列表(定义首页的文件名称(可有多个))
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
- </welcom-file-list>
<welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcom-file-list>
(2.9)用来处理错误代码或异常的页面
3个子元素:<error-code></error-code> 指定错误代码
<exception-type></exception-type> 指定一个JAVA异常类型
<location></location> 指定在web站台内的相关资源路径
- <error-page>
- <error-code>404</error-code>
- <location>/error404.jsp</location>
- </error-page>
- <error-page>
- <exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type>
- <location>/exception.jsp</location>
- </error-page>
<error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>/error404.jsp</location> </error-page> <error-page> <exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type> <location>/exception.jsp</location> </error-page>
(2.10)设定JSP网页所用到的Tag Library路径
2个子元素:<taglib-uri></taglib-uri> 定义TLD文件的URI,在JSP网页中用taglib指令便可取得该URI的TLD文件
<taglib-location></taglib-location> 指定TLD文件相对于web站台的存放位置
- <taglib>
- <taglib-uri>myTaglib</taglib-uri>
- <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/MyTaglib.tld</taglib-location>
- </taglib>
<taglib> <taglib-uri>myTaglib</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/MyTaglib.tld</taglib-location> </taglib>
(2.11)定义利用JNDI取得站台可利用的资源
五个子元素:
<description></description> 资源说明
<rec-ref-name></rec-ref-name> 资源名称
<res-type></res-type> 资源种类
<res-auth></res-auth> 资源经由Application或Container来许可
<res-sharing-scope></res-sharing-scope> 资源是否可以共享,有Shareable和Unshareable两个值,默认为Shareable
可在此配置数据库连接
- <resource-ref>
- <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of shop</description>
- <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>
- <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
- <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
- </resource-ref>
<resource-ref> <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of shop</description> <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name> <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type> <res-auth>Container</res-auth> </resource-ref>
(2.12)<jsp-config>配置
包括<taglib> 和<jsp-property-group> 两个子元素。
其中<taglib>元素在JSP 1.2时就已经存在;而<jsp-property-group>是JSP 2.0 新增的元素。
<jsp-property-group>元素主要有八个子元素,它们分别为:
1.<description>:设定的说明;
2.<display-name>:设定名称;
3.<url-pattern>:设定值所影响的范围,如:/CH2 或 /*.jsp;
4.<el-ignored>:若为true,表示不支持EL 语法;
5.<scripting-invalid>:若为true,表示不支持<% scripting %>语法;
6.<page-encoding>:设定JSP 网页的编码;
7.<include-prelude>:设置JSP 网页的抬头,扩展名为.jspf;
8.<include-coda>:设置JSP 网页的结尾,扩展名为.jspf。
例如:
- <jsp-config>
- <taglib>
- <taglib-uri>Taglib</taglib-uri>
- <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/MyTaglib.tld</taglib-location>
- </taglib>
- <jsp-property-group>
- <description>Special property group for JSP Configuration JSP example.</description>
- <display-name>JSPConfiguration</display-name>
- <url-pattern>/jsp/* </url-pattern>
- <el-ignored>true</el-ignored>
- <page-encoding>GB2312</page-encoding>
- <scripting-invalid>true</scripting-invalid>
- <include-prelude>/include/prelude.jspf</include-prelude>
- <include-coda>/include/coda.jspf</include-coda>
- </jsp-property-group>
- </jsp-config>
<jsp-config> <taglib> <taglib-uri>Taglib</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/MyTaglib.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <jsp-property-group> <description>Special property group for JSP Configuration JSP example.</description> <display-name>JSPConfiguration</display-name> <url-pattern>/jsp/* </url-pattern> <el-ignored>true</el-ignored> <page-encoding>GB2312</page-encoding> <scripting-invalid>true</scripting-invalid> <include-prelude>/include/prelude.jspf</include-prelude> <include-coda>/include/coda.jspf</include-coda> </jsp-property-group> </jsp-config>
(三)配置web.xml来限制对某些servlet的请求
只希望通过认证的用户才能请求某些servlet的话,就可以在web.xml中来进行相应的配置,来达到此目的。
步骤一:修改tomcat服务器的/conf/tomcat-users.xml,设置用户名和密码
以下是tomcat-users.xml的片段
- <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
- <tomcat-users>
- <role rolename="tomcat"/>
- <role rolename="manager"/>
- <role rolename="admin"/>
- <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>
- <user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,manager"/>
- <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="admin"/>
- </tomcat-users>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <tomcat-users> <role rolename="tomcat"/> <role rolename="manager"/> <role rolename="admin"/> <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/> <user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,manager"/> <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="admin"/> </tomcat-users>
步骤二:修改web应用的web.xml,创建security-constraint、login-config和security-role元素
- <security-constraint>
- <web-resource-collection>
- <web-resource-name>HelloServlet</web-resource-name>
- <url-pattern>/HelloServlet</url-pattern>
- <http-method>GET</http-method>
- <http-method>POST</http-method>
- </web-resource-collection>
- <auth-constraint>
- <description>This applies only to the "tomcat" security role</description>
- <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"><role-name>admin</role-name></span>
- </auth-constraint>
- <user-data-constraint>
- <transport-guarantee>NONE</transport-guarantee>
- </user-data-constraint>
- </security-constraint>
- <login-config>
- <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method>
- </login-config>
- <security-role>
- <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"><role-name>admin</role-name></span>
- </security-role>
<security-constraint> <web-resource-collection> <web-resource-name>HelloServlet</web-resource-name> <url-pattern>/HelloServlet</url-pattern> <http-method>GET</http-method> <http-method>POST</http-method> </web-resource-collection> <auth-constraint> <description>This applies only to the "tomcat" security role</description> <role-name>admin</role-name> </auth-constraint> <user-data-constraint> <transport-guarantee>NONE</transport-guarantee> </user-data-constraint> </security-constraint> <login-config> <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method> </login-config> <security-role> <role-name>admin</role-name> </security-role>
其中:security-constraint元素包含一个或多个web-resource-collection元素,它是描述Web应用程序中的哪些web资源受到指定安全限制的保护。http-method元素指定安全限制覆盖的HTTP方法。上面的例子中,当我们对/HelloServlet的GET或POST请求时将触发配置的安全机制。
auth-constraint元素用于描述允许访问Web组件的安全角色。此例中安全角色的例子有tomcat、manager、admin。而只有当作为admin角色的用户才可以访问HelloServlet。
Web应用程序通过login-config元素来认证用户,并确认该用户是否为正确的角色。
longin-config包含的transport-guarantee子元素用来指定认证方法,BASIC是一种常见的Web认证方式,浏览器给用户提示一个对话框,要求输入用户名和密码,随后Tomcat将给出的用户名和密码与tomcat-users.xml中的用户名和密码进行比较,然后使用前面的security-constraint配置来确定用户是否可访问受保护的servlet。
(除BASIC外,还可以是FORM、CLIENT-CERT、DIGEST等)
步骤三:在访问步骤二中的应用时,浏览器会要求输入用户名和密码,输入tomcat配置文件中设置的用户名、密码即可
验证总的步骤
1、检查提供的用户名和密码是否正确。
2、判断用户是否映射到特定的安全角色。例如,用户可能提供了正确的用户名和密码,但没有映射到特定的安全角色,也将被禁止访问特定的Web资源。
3、访问,输入用户名和密码
(四)配置EJB
EJB声明
- <ejb-ref>
- <description>Example EJB reference</decription>
- <ejb-ref-name>ejb/Account</ejb-ref-name>
- <ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>
- <home>com.mycompany.mypackage.AccountHome</home>
- <remote>com.mycompany.mypackage.Account</remote>
- </ejb-ref>
<ejb-ref> <description>Example EJB reference</decription> <ejb-ref-name>ejb/Account</ejb-ref-name> <ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type> <home>com.mycompany.mypackage.AccountHome</home> <remote>com.mycompany.mypackage.Account</remote> </ejb-ref>
本地EJB声明
- <ejb-local-ref>
- <description>Example Loacal EJB reference</decription>
- <ejb-ref-name>ejb/ProcessOrder</ejb-ref-name>
- <ejb-ref-type>Session</ejb-ref-type>
- <local-home>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrderHome</local-home>
- <local>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrder</local>
- </ejb-local-ref>
<ejb-local-ref> <description>Example Loacal EJB reference</decription> <ejb-ref-name>ejb/ProcessOrder</ejb-ref-name> <ejb-ref-type>Session</ejb-ref-type> <local-home>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrderHome</local-home> <local>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrder</local> </ejb-local-ref>
(五)配置DWR
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
<servlet> <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name> <servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
(六)配置Struts
例如:
- <display-name>Struts Blank Application</display-name>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>
- org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
- </servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>detail</param-name>
- <param-value>2</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>debug</param-name>
- <param-value>2</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>config</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>application</param-name>
- <param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- <!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors -->
- <taglib>
- <taglib-uri>struts-bean</taglib-uri>
- <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
- </taglib>
- <taglib>
- <taglib-uri>struts-html</taglib-uri>
- <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
- </taglib>
- <taglib>
- <taglib-uri>struts-nested</taglib-uri>
- <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
- </taglib>
- <taglib>
- <taglib-uri>struts-logic</taglib-uri>
- <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
- </taglib>
- <taglib>
- <taglib-uri>struts-tiles</taglib-uri>
- <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>
- </taglib>
<display-name>Struts Blank Application</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>detail</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>application</param-name> <param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors --> <taglib> <taglib-uri>struts-bean</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>struts-html</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-html.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>struts-nested</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>struts-logic</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <taglib> <taglib-uri>struts-tiles</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location> </taglib>
(七)配置Spring(基本上都包含在Struts配置汇中)
- <!-- 指定spring配置文件位置 -->
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>
- <!--加载多个spring配置文件 -->
- /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml, /WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml
- </param-value>
- </context-param>
- <!-- 定义SPRING监听器,加载spring -->
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>
- org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener
- </listener-class>
- </listener>
<!-- 指定spring配置文件位置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> <!--加载多个spring配置文件 --> /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml, /WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml </param-value> </context-param> <!-- 定义SPRING监听器,加载spring --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener </listener-class> </listener>
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