UPC-5094 - Faulty Robot - 搜索
题解链接：
https://www.lucien.ink/archives/161/
题目链接：
http://exam.upc.edu.cn/problem.php?id=5094
题目：
题目描述
As part of a CS course, Alice just finished programming her robot to explore a graph having n nodes, labeled 1, 2, … , n, and m directed edges. Initially the robot starts at node 1.
While nodes may have several outgoing edges, Alice programmed the robot so that any node may have a forced move to a specific one of its neighbors. For example, it may be that node 5 has outgoing edges to neighbors 1, 4, and 6 but that Alice programs the robot so that if it leaves 5 it must go to neighbor 4.
If operating correctly, the robot will always follow forced moves away from a node, and if reaching a node that does not have a forced move, the robot stops. Unfortunately, the robot is a bit buggy, and it might violate those rules and move to a randomly chosen neighbor of a node (whether or not there had been a designated forced move from that node). However, such a bug will occur at most once (and might never happen).
Alice is having trouble debugging the robot, and would like your help to determine what are the possible nodes where the robot could stop and not move again.
We consider two sample graphs, as given in Figures G.1 and G.2. In these figures, a red arrow indicate an edge corresponding to a forced move, while black arrows indicate edges to other neighbors. The circle around a node is red if it is a possible stopping node.
In the first example, the robot will cycle forever through nodes 1, 5, and 4 if it does not make a buggy move.
A bug could cause it to jump from 1 to 2, but that would be the only buggy move, and so it would never move on from there. It might also jump from 5 to 6 and then have a forced move to end at 7.
In the second example, there are no forced moves, so the robot would stay at 1 without any buggy moves. It might also make a buggy move from 1 to either 2 or 3, after which it would stop.
输入
The first line contains two integers n and m, designating the number of nodes and number of edges such that 1 ≤ n ≤ 103, 0 ≤ m ≤ 104. The next m lines will each have two integers a and b, 1 ≤ |a|, b ≤ n and |a| ≠ b. If a > 0, there is a directed edge between nodes a and b that is not forced. If a < 0, then there is a forced directed edge from −a to b. There will be at most 900 such forced moves. No two directed edges will be the same. No two starting nodes for forced moves will be the same.
输出
Display the number of nodes at which the robot might come to a rest.
样例输入
7 9
1 2
2 3
-1 5
2 6
5 1
-4 1
5 6
-6 7
-5 4样例输出
2题意：
给你一个n个点m条边的有向图，初始时机器人在1这个顶点，默认情况下机器人只能沿着红色的边走。但是这个机器人可能会出BUG，至多出BUG一次，出BUG时机器人会从当前点随机地沿着有向图的边走到一个相邻的点，忽略这条边的颜色。问这个机器人可能最终停留的点的数目。
思路：
从节点1开始按照正常路径走，枚举在每个点发生BUG时所有可能的最终归属，加到set里，最后输出set.size()即可。需要注意的是有可能在1这个点就出BUG，所以要先check(1)一下，因为这个WA了一次。
实现：
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
const int maxn = int(1e4) + 7, maxm = int(1e5) + 7;
bool red[maxn], vis[maxn], checked[maxn];
struct {
int next, to;
bool col; // true: red
} edge[maxm];
int n, m, head_edge[maxn], cnt_edge;
void addedge(int u, int v, bool col) {
edge[cnt_edge] = {head_edge[u], v, col};
head_edge[u] = cnt_edge++;
}
std::set<int> ans;
void check(int u) { // check以u这个点为起点时不出BUG机器人最终会停在哪里
checked[u] = true;
if (!red[u] || head_edge[u] == -1) {
ans.insert(u);
return ;
}
for (int i = head_edge[u]; ~i; i = edge[i].next) {
int v = edge[i].to;
if (edge[i].col && !checked[v]) check(v);
}
}
void dfs(int u) {
vis[u] = true;
for (int i = head_edge[u]; ~i; i = edge[i].next) {
int v = edge[i].to;
if (!edge[i].col && !checked[v]) check(v);
if (edge[i].col && !vis[v]) dfs(v);
}
}
int main() {
// freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
memset(head_edge, 0xff, sizeof(head_edge));
scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
for (int i = 0, u, v; i < m; i++) {
scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
int tmp = abs(u);
if (u < 0) red[tmp] = true;
addedge(tmp, v, u < 0);
}
check(1);
dfs(1);
printf("%d\n", (int)ans.size());
return 0;
}