一小时学会TensorFlow2之自定义层
概述
通过自定义网络, 我们可以自己创建网络并和现有的网络串联起来, 从而实现各种各样的网络结构.
sequential
sequential 是 keras 的一个网络容器. 可以帮助我们将多层网络封装在一起.
通过 sequential 我们可以把现有的层已经我们自己的层实现结合, 一次前向传播就可以实现数据从第一层到最后一层的计算.
格式:
tf.keras.sequential(
layers=none, name=none
)
例子:
# 5层网络模型
model = tf.keras.sequential([
tf.keras.layers.dense(256, activation=tf.nn.relu),
tf.keras.layers.dense(128, activation=tf.nn.relu),
tf.keras.layers.dense(64, activation=tf.nn.relu),
tf.keras.layers.dense(32, activation=tf.nn.relu),
tf.keras.layers.dense(10)
])
model & layer
通过 model 和 layer 的__init__和call()我们可以自定义层和模型.
model:
class my_model(tf.keras.model): # 继承model
def __init__(self):
"""
初始化
"""
super(my_model, self).__init__()
self.fc1 = my_dense(784, 256) # 第一层
self.fc2 = my_dense(256, 128) # 第二层
self.fc3 = my_dense(128, 64) # 第三层
self.fc4 = my_dense(64, 32) # 第四层
self.fc5 = my_dense(32, 10) # 第五层
def call(self, inputs, training=none):
"""
在model被调用的时候执行
:param inputs: 输入
:param training: 默认为none
:return: 返回输出
"""
x = self.fc1(inputs)
x = tf.nn.relu(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
x = tf.nn.relu(x)
x = self.fc3(x)
x = tf.nn.relu(x)
x = self.fc4(x)
x = tf.nn.relu(x)
x = self.fc5(x)
return x
layer:
class my_dense(tf.keras.layers.layer): # 继承layer
def __init__(self, input_dim, output_dim):
"""
初始化
:param input_dim:
:param output_dim:
"""
super(my_dense, self).__init__()
# 添加变量
self.kernel = self.add_variable("w", [input_dim, output_dim]) # 权重
self.bias = self.add_variable("b", [output_dim]) # 偏置
def call(self, inputs, training=none):
"""
在layer被调用的时候执行, 计算结果
:param inputs: 输入
:param training: 默认为none
:return: 返回计算结果
"""
# y = w * x + b
out = inputs @ self.kernel + self.bias
return out
案例
数据集介绍
cifar-10 是由 10 类不同的物品组成的 6 万张彩色图片的数据集. 其中 5 万张为训练集, 1 万张为测试集.
完整代码
import tensorflow as tf
def pre_process(x, y):
# 转换x
x = 2 * tf.cast(x, dtype=tf.float32) / 255 - 1 # 转换为-1~1的形式
x = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 32 * 32 * 3]) # 把x铺平
# 转换y
y = tf.convert_to_tensor(y) # 转换为0~1的形式
y = tf.one_hot(y, depth=10) # 转成one_hot编码
# 返回x, y
return x, y
def get_data():
"""
获取数据
:return:
"""
# 获取数据
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = tf.keras.datasets.cifar10.load_data()
# 调试输出维度
print(x_train.shape) # (50000, 32, 32, 3)
print(y_train.shape) # (50000, 1)
# squeeze
y_train = tf.squeeze(y_train) # (50000, 1) => (50000,)
y_test = tf.squeeze(y_test) # (10000, 1) => (10000,)
# 分割训练集
train_db = tf.data.dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_train, y_train)).shuffle(10000, seed=0)
train_db = train_db.batch(batch_size).map(pre_process).repeat(iteration_num) # 迭代20次
# 分割测试集
test_db = tf.data.dataset.from_tensor_slices((x_test, y_test)).shuffle(10000, seed=0)
test_db = test_db.batch(batch_size).map(pre_process)
return train_db, test_db
class my_dense(tf.keras.layers.layer): # 继承layer
def __init__(self, input_dim, output_dim):
"""
初始化
:param input_dim:
:param output_dim:
"""
super(my_dense, self).__init__()
# 添加变量
self.kernel = self.add_weight("w", [input_dim, output_dim]) # 权重
self.bias = self.add_weight("b", [output_dim]) # 偏置
def call(self, inputs, training=none):
"""
在layer被调用的时候执行, 计算结果
:param inputs: 输入
:param training: 默认为none
:return: 返回计算结果
"""
# y = w * x + b
out = inputs @ self.kernel + self.bias
return out
class my_model(tf.keras.model): # 继承model
def __init__(self):
"""
初始化
"""
super(my_model, self).__init__()
self.fc1 = my_dense(32 * 32 * 3, 256) # 第一层
self.fc2 = my_dense(256, 128) # 第二层
self.fc3 = my_dense(128, 64) # 第三层
self.fc4 = my_dense(64, 32) # 第四层
self.fc5 = my_dense(32, 10) # 第五层
def call(self, inputs, training=none):
"""
在model被调用的时候执行
:param inputs: 输入
:param training: 默认为none
:return: 返回输出
"""
x = self.fc1(inputs)
x = tf.nn.relu(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
x = tf.nn.relu(x)
x = self.fc3(x)
x = tf.nn.relu(x)
x = self.fc4(x)
x = tf.nn.relu(x)
x = self.fc5(x)
return x
# 定义超参数
batch_size = 256 # 一次训练的样本数目
learning_rate = 0.001 # 学习率
iteration_num = 20 # 迭代次数
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.adam(learning_rate=learning_rate) # 优化器
loss = tf.losses.categoricalcrossentropy(from_logits=true) # 损失
network = my_model() # 实例化网络
# 调试输出summary
network.build(input_shape=[none, 32 * 32 * 3])
print(network.summary())
# 组合
network.compile(optimizer=optimizer,
loss=loss,
metrics=["accuracy"])
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 获取分割的数据集
train_db, test_db = get_data()
# 拟合
network.fit(train_db, epochs=5, validation_data=test_db, validation_freq=1)
输出结果:
model: "my__model"
_________________________________________________________________
layer (type) output shape param #
=================================================================
my__dense (my_dense) multiple 786688
_________________________________________________________________
my__dense_1 (my_dense) multiple 32896
_________________________________________________________________
my__dense_2 (my_dense) multiple 8256
_________________________________________________________________
my__dense_3 (my_dense) multiple 2080
_________________________________________________________________
my__dense_4 (my_dense) multiple 330
=================================================================
total params: 830,250
trainable params: 830,250
non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________
none
(50000, 32, 32, 3)
(50000, 1)
2021-06-15 14:35:26.600766: i tensorflow/compiler/mlir/mlir_graph_optimization_pass.cc:176] none of the mlir optimization passes are enabled (registered 2)
epoch 1/5
3920/3920 [==============================] - 39s 10ms/step - loss: 0.9676 - accuracy: 0.6595 - val_loss: 1.8961 - val_accuracy: 0.5220
epoch 2/5
3920/3920 [==============================] - 41s 10ms/step - loss: 0.3338 - accuracy: 0.8831 - val_loss: 3.3207 - val_accuracy: 0.5141
epoch 3/5
3920/3920 [==============================] - 41s 10ms/step - loss: 0.1713 - accuracy: 0.9410 - val_loss: 4.2247 - val_accuracy: 0.5122
epoch 4/5
3920/3920 [==============================] - 41s 10ms/step - loss: 0.1237 - accuracy: 0.9581 - val_loss: 4.9458 - val_accuracy: 0.5050
epoch 5/5
3920/3920 [==============================] - 42s 11ms/step - loss: 0.1003 - accuracy: 0.9666 - val_loss: 5.2425 - val_accuracy: 0.5097
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