欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页

基于spring Boot的微信开发————AccessToken的缓存方案(一)

程序员文章站 2023-12-29 09:53:58
...

通过微信授权拿到的token有一个7200秒的有效期,并且获取token的次数也有一定限制,所以token不能“随用随取”,通过网络资源获取,解决方案有①储存在数据库中,每次使用时都查询一次数据库,②定义静态全局变量(单例模式),开启线程监控变量是否“过期”,③结合数据库做缓存,开启定时任务,每7200秒从微信服务器中获取一次token并保存到自己的数据库中

各方法的优缺:

①:简单粗暴,对数据库的操作过多,适合访问量小,调用微信API次数少的项目

②:(单例模式)全局变量在服务器重启时会清除,不使用数据库的方式,变量设置不当可能会混淆(微信有两个token,一个用于(粉丝)用户授权,一个用于开发者授权)

③:灵活,易结合到各类开发中,spring也对各种缓存方案有很好的支持

以下为方法③的实现方式之一(未开启定期任务,缓存方案使用ehcache)

 基本配置

ehcache.xml配置

<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://ehcache.org/ehcache.xsd">

    <defaultCache
            eternal="false"
            maxElementsInMemory="1000"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            diskPersistent="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="0"
            timeToLiveSeconds="600"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" />

    <cache
            name="TokenCache"
            eternal="false"
            maxElementsInMemory="100"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            diskPersistent="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="7200"
            timeToLiveSeconds="7200"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" />

    <!-- eternal:true表示对象永不过期,此时会忽略timeToIdleSeconds和timeToLiveSeconds属性,默认为false -->
    <!-- maxEntriesLocalHeap:堆内存中最大缓存对象数,0没有限制 -->
    <!-- timeToIdleSeconds: 设定允许对象处于空闲状态的最长时间,以秒为单位。当对象自从最近一次被访问后,
    如果处于空闲状态的时间超过了timeToIdleSeconds属性值,这个对象就会过期,EHCache将把它从缓存中清空。
    只有当eternal属性为false,该属性才有效。如果该属性值为0,则表示对象可以无限期地处于空闲状态 -->
</ehcache>

spring boot配置

#端口
server.port=8080
#数据源
spring.datasource.name=test
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
##连接池属性配置
spring.datasource.initialSize=5  
spring.datasource.minIdle=5  
spring.datasource.maxActive=20  
spring.datasource.maxWait=60000  
spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000  
spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000  
spring.datasource.validationQuery=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL  
spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=true  
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=false  
spring.datasource.testOnReturn=false  
spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements=true  
spring.datasource.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=20  
spring.datasource.filters=stat,wall,log4j  
spring.datasource.connectionProperties=druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000 
#mybatis.config
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapping/*xml
mybatis.type-aliases-package=cn.vision.springbootdemo.model

#分页插件
pagehelper.helper-dialect=mysql
pagehelper.reasonable=true
pagehelper.support-methods-arguments=true
pagehelper.params=count=countSql

#日志
logging.level.cn.vision.weixindemo.mapper = debug

# spring 设置缓存方案为ehcache
spring.cache.type=ehcache
spring.cache.ehcache.config=classpath:cache/ehcache.xml

 微信工具类———微信post、get请求工具类

package cn.vision.weixindemo.utils.base;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.IOException;

@Component
public class BaseRequest {
    /**
     * get请求
     * @param url
     * @return
     * @throws ParseException
     * @throws IOException
     *
     * @author vision
     */
    public static JSONObject doGet(String url) throws ParseException, IOException {
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        JSONObject jsonObject = null;
        HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpGet);
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        if(entity != null){
            String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
            jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
        }

        //        释放连接
        httpGet.releaseConnection();
        client.close();
        return jsonObject;
    }
    /**
     * POST请求
     * @param url
     * @param outStr
     * @return
     * @throws ParseException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static JSONObject doPost(String url, String outStr) throws ParseException, IOException{
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(url);

        httpost.setEntity(new StringEntity(outStr,"UTF-8"));
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpost);
        String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8");
//        释放连接
        httpost.releaseConnection();
        client.close();
        return JSONObject.parseObject(result);
    }
}

微信工具类————token工具类(API函数SpringContextHolder类

package cn.vision.weixindemo.utils.Token;

import cn.vision.weixindemo.config.WeiXinConfig;
import cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken;
import cn.vision.weixindemo.service.TokenService;
import cn.vision.weixindemo.utils.base.API.WeiXin_API;
import cn.vision.weixindemo.utils.base.BaseRequest;
import cn.vision.weixindemo.utils.spring.SpringContextHolder;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;

public class TokenUtils {

    private TokenService tokenService = SpringContextHolder.getBean(TokenService.class);
    /**
     * 获取accessToken
     *
     * @return
     * @throws ParseException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public AccessToken getAccessToken() throws ParseException, IOException {
       AccessToken accessToken = tokenService.selectByPrimaryKey(1);
        System.out.println("CreateTime: "+accessToken.getCreatedate().getTime()+"NOW: "+new Date().getTime() +"\n"+ Long.parseLong(accessToken.getExpiresin()));
       if(accessToken == null || accessToken.getCreatedate().getTime() + Long.parseLong(accessToken.getExpiresin()) *1000 < new Date().getTime()){
           String url = WeiXin_API.API_GET_ACCESS_TOKEN.replace("APPID", WeiXinConfig.APPID).replace("APPSECRET", WeiXinConfig.APPSECRET);
           JSONObject jsonObject = BaseRequest.doGet(url);
           System.out.println(jsonObject.toString());
           if(jsonObject.getString("errorcode") == null){
               accessToken = new AccessToken();
               accessToken.setId(1);
               accessToken.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
               accessToken.setExpiresin(jsonObject.getString("expires_in"));
               accessToken.setCreatedate(new Date());
           }
           if(accessToken == null){
               tokenService.insert(accessToken);
            }
           tokenService.updateByPrimaryKey(accessToken);
       }
       return accessToken;
    }
}

 Spring Boot启动类中开启缓存注解@EnableCaching

package cn.vision.weixindemo;

import com.alibaba.druid.spring.boot.autoconfigure.DruidDataSourceAutoConfigure;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DruidDataSourceAutoConfigure.class})
@EnableCaching
@MapperScan("cn.vision.weixindemo.mapper")
public class WeixindemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(WeixindemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

数据库表结构

基于spring Boot的微信开发————AccessToken的缓存方案(一)

数据模型

package cn.vision.weixindemo.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class AccessToken {
    private Integer id;

    private String accessToken;

    private String expiresin;

    private Date createdate;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getAccessToken() {
        return accessToken;
    }

    public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
        this.accessToken = accessToken == null ? null : accessToken.trim();
    }

    public String getExpiresin() {
        return expiresin;
    }

    public void setExpiresin(String expiresin) {
        this.expiresin = expiresin == null ? null : expiresin.trim();
    }

    public Date getCreatedate() {
        return createdate;
    }

    public void setCreatedate(Date createdate) {
        this.createdate = createdate;
    }
}

 mapper

package cn.vision.weixindemo.mapper;

import cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken;

public interface AccessTokenMapper {

    int deleteByPrimaryKey(Integer id);

    int insert(AccessToken record);

    int insertSelective(AccessToken record);

    AccessToken selectByPrimaryKey(Integer id);

    int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(AccessToken record);

    int updateByPrimaryKey(AccessToken record);
}

mappering

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="cn.vision.weixindemo.mapper.AccessTokenMapper" >
  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken" >
    <id column="Id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
    <result column="Access_Token" property="accessToken" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
    <result column="expiresIn" property="expiresin" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
    <result column="createDate" property="createdate" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" />
  </resultMap>
  <sql id="Base_Column_List" >
    Id, Access_Token, expiresIn, createDate
  </sql>
  <select id="selectByPrimaryKey" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" >
    select 
    <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
    from weixin_token
    where Id = #{id,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </select>
  <delete id="deleteByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" >
    delete from weixin_token
    where Id = #{id,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </delete>
  <insert id="insert" parameterType="cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken" >
    insert into weixin_token (Id, Access_Token, expiresIn, 
      createDate)
    values (#{id,jdbcType=INTEGER}, #{accessToken,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{expiresin,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, 
      #{createdate,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP})
  </insert>
  <insert id="insertSelective" parameterType="cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken" >
    insert into weixin_token
    <trim prefix="(" suffix=")" suffixOverrides="," >
      <if test="id != null" >
        Id,
      </if>
      <if test="accessToken != null" >
        Access_Token,
      </if>
      <if test="expiresin != null" >
        expiresIn,
      </if>
      <if test="createdate != null" >
        createDate,
      </if>
    </trim>
    <trim prefix="values (" suffix=")" suffixOverrides="," >
      <if test="id != null" >
        #{id,jdbcType=INTEGER},
      </if>
      <if test="accessToken != null" >
        #{accessToken,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="expiresin != null" >
        #{expiresin,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="createdate != null" >
        #{createdate,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},
      </if>
    </trim>
  </insert>
  <update id="updateByPrimaryKeySelective" parameterType="cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken" >
    update weixin_token
    <set >
      <if test="accessToken != null" >
        Access_Token = #{accessToken,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="expiresin != null" >
        expiresIn = #{expiresin,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      </if>
      <if test="createdate != null" >
        createDate = #{createdate,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},
      </if>
    </set>
    where Id = #{id,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </update>
  <update id="updateByPrimaryKey" parameterType="cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken" >
    update weixin_token
    set Access_Token = #{accessToken,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      expiresIn = #{expiresin,jdbcType=VARCHAR},
      createDate = #{createdate,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP}
    where Id = #{id,jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </update>
</mapper>

service

package cn.vision.weixindemo.service;

import cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


public interface TokenService {
    int deleteByPrimaryKey(Integer id);

    int insert(AccessToken record);

    int insertSelective(AccessToken record);

    AccessToken selectByPrimaryKey(Integer id);

    int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(AccessToken record);

    int updateByPrimaryKey(AccessToken record);
}

serviceImpl

package cn.vision.weixindemo.service;

import cn.vision.weixindemo.mapper.AccessTokenMapper;
import cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheConfig;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
@CacheConfig(cacheNames = "TokenCache")
public class TokenServiceImpl implements TokenService{

    @Autowired
    private AccessTokenMapper tokenMapper;

    @Override
    @CacheEvict(key = "#p0")
    public int deleteByPrimaryKey(Integer id) {
        return tokenMapper.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
    }

    @Override
    @CachePut(key = "#p0")
    public int insert(AccessToken record) {
        return tokenMapper.insert(record);
    }

    @Override
    @CachePut(key = "#p0")
    public int insertSelective(AccessToken record) {
        return tokenMapper.insertSelective(record);
    }

    @Override
    @Cacheable(key = "#p0")
    public AccessToken selectByPrimaryKey(Integer id) {
        return tokenMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
    }

    @Override
    @Cacheable(key = "#p0")
    public int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(AccessToken record) {
        return tokenMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(record);
    }

    @Override
    @Cacheable(key = "#p0")
    public int updateByPrimaryKey(AccessToken record) {
        return tokenMapper.updateByPrimaryKey(record);
    }
}

测试用Controller

package cn.vision.weixindemo.controller;

import cn.vision.weixindemo.service.TokenService;
import cn.vision.weixindemo.utils.Token.TokenUtils;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.io.IOException;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    TokenService tokenService;
    @RequestMapping("/testCache.do")
    public String TestCache(Model model) throws IOException {
        tokenService.selectByPrimaryKey(1);
        model.addAttribute("token",new TokenUtils().getAccessToken());
        return "test";
    }
}

测试用html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>缓存测试</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--/*@thymesVar id="token" type="cn.vision.weixindemo.model.AccessToken"*/-->
<h1 th:text="${token.getAccessToken()}">
</h1>
</body>
</html>

运行截图

基于spring Boot的微信开发————AccessToken的缓存方案(一)

 

 注解说明:

  • @CacheConfig:主要用于配置该类中会用到的一些共用的缓存配置。在这里@CacheConfig(cacheNames = "users"):配置了该数据访问对象中返回的内容将存储于名为users的缓存对象中,我们也可以不使用该注解,直接通过@Cacheable自己配置缓存集的名字来定义。

  • @Cacheable:配置了findByName函数的返回值将被加入缓存。同时在查询时,会先从缓存中获取,若不存在才再发起对数据库的访问。该注解主要有下面几个参数:

    • valuecacheNames:两个等同的参数(cacheNames为Spring 4新增,作为value的别名),用于指定缓存存储的集合名。由于Spring 4中新增了@CacheConfig,因此在Spring 3中原本必须有的value属性,也成为非必需项了
    • key:缓存对象存储在Map集合中的key值,非必需,缺省按照函数的所有参数组合作为key值,若自己配置需使用SpEL表达式,比如:@Cacheable(key = "#p0"):使用函数第一个参数作为缓存的key值,更多关于SpEL表达式的详细内容可参考官方文档
    • condition:缓存对象的条件,非必需,也需使用SpEL表达式,只有满足表达式条件的内容才会被缓存,比如:@Cacheable(key = "#p0", condition = "#p0.length() < 3"),表示只有当第一个参数的长度小于3的时候才会被缓存,若做此配置上面的AAA用户就不会被缓存,读者可自行实验尝试。
    • unless:另外一个缓存条件参数,非必需,需使用SpEL表达式。它不同于condition参数的地方在于它的判断时机,该条件是在函数被调用之后才做判断的,所以它可以通过对result进行判断。
    • keyGenerator:用于指定key生成器,非必需。若需要指定一个自定义的key生成器,我们需要去实现org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator接口,并使用该参数来指定。需要注意的是:该参数与key是互斥的
    • cacheManager:用于指定使用哪个缓存管理器,非必需。只有当有多个时才需要使用
    • cacheResolver:用于指定使用那个缓存解析器,非必需。需通过org.springframework.cache.interceptor.CacheResolver接口来实现自己的缓存解析器,并用该参数指定。

     

除了这里用到的两个注解之外,还有下面几个核心注解:

  • @CachePut:配置于函数上,能够根据参数定义条件来进行缓存,它与@Cacheable不同的是,它每次都会真是调用函数,所以主要用于数据新增和修改操作上。它的参数与@Cacheable类似,具体功能可参考上面对@Cacheable参数的解析
  • @CacheEvict:配置于函数上,通常用在删除方法上,用来从缓存中移除相应数据。除了同@Cacheable一样的参数之外,它还有下面两个参数:
    • allEntries:非必需,默认为false。当为true时,会移除所有数据
    • beforeInvocation:非必需,默认为false,会在调用方法之后移除数据。当为true时,会在调用方法之前移除数据。

上一篇:

下一篇: