巧妙解决PHP无法实现多线程的问题
其实的是大多数情况下,你大可不必使用fork或者线程,并且你会得到比用fork或thread更好的性能。假设你要建立一个服务来检查正在运行的n台服务器,以确定他们还在正常运转。你可能会写下面这样的代码:
-
$hosts = array("host1.sample.com", "host2.sample.com", "host3.sample.com");
- $timeout = 15;
- $status = array();
- foreach ($hosts as $host) {
- $errno = 0;
- $errstr = "";
- $s = fsockopen($host, 80, $errno, $errstr, $timeout);
- if ($s) {
- $status[$host] = "Connectedn";
- fwrite($s, "HEAD / HTTP/1.0rnHost: $hostrnrn");
- do {
- $data = fread($s, 8192);
- if (strlen($data) == 0) {
- break;
- }
- $status[$host] .= $data;
- }
- while (true);
- fclose($s);
- }
- else {
- $status[$host] = "Connection failed: $errno $errstrn";
- }
- }
- print_r($status);
- ?>
它运行的很好,但是在fsockopen()分析完hostname并且建立一个成功的连接(或者延时$timeout秒)之前,扩充这段代码来管理大量服务器将耗费很长时间。
因此我们必须放弃这段代码;我们可以建立异步连接-不需要等待fsockopen返回连接状态。PHP仍然需要解析hostname(所以直接使用ip更加明智),不过将在打开一个连接之后立刻返回,继而我们就可以连接下一台服务器。
有两种方法可以实现;PHP5中可以使用新增的stream_socket_client()函数直接替换掉fsocketopen()。PHP5之前的版本,你需要自己动手,用sockets扩展解决问题。下面是PHP5中的解决方法:
-
$hosts = array("host1.sample.com", "host2.sample.com", "host3.sample.com");
- $timeout = 15;
- $status = array();
- $sockets = array();
- /* Initiate connections to all the hosts simultaneously */
- foreach ($hosts as $id => $host) {
- $s = stream_socket_client("$host:80", $errno, $errstr, $timeout,
- STREAM_CLIENT_ASYNC_CONNECTSTREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT);
- if ($s) {
- $sockets[$id] = $s;
- $status[$id] = "in progress";
- }
- else { $status[$id] = "failed, $errno $errstr";
- }
- }
- /* Now, wait for the results to come back in */
- while (count($sockets)) {
- $read = $write = $sockets;
- /* This is the magic function - explained below */
- $n = stream_select($read, $write, $e = null, $timeout);
- if ($n > 0) {
- /* readable sockets either have data for us, or are failed * connection attempts */
- foreach ($read as $r) {
- $id = array_search($r, $sockets);
- $data = fread($r, 8192);
- if (strlen($data) == 0) {
- if ($status[$id] == "in progress") {
- $status[$id] = "failed to connect";
- }
- fclose($r);
- unset($sockets[$id]);
- }
- else {
- $status[$id] .= $data;
- }
- }
- /* writeable sockets can accept an HTTP request */
- foreach ($write as $w) {
- $id = array_search($w, $sockets);
- fwrite($w, "HEAD / HTTP/1.0rnHost: "
- . $hosts[$id] . "rnrn");
- $status[$id] = "waiting for response";
- }
- }
- else {
- /* timed out waiting; assume that all hosts associated * with $sockets are faulty */
- foreach ($sockets as $id => $s) {
- $status[$id] = "timed out "
- . $status[$id];
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- foreach ($hosts as $id => $host) {
- echo "Host: $hostn"; echo "Status: "
- . $status[$id] . "nn";
- }
- ?>
我们用stream_select()等待sockets打开的连接事件。stream_select()调用系统的select(2)函数来工 作:前面三个参数是你要使用的streams的数组;你可以对其读取,写入和获取异常(分别针对三个参数)。stream_select()可以通过设 置$timeout(秒)参数来等待事件发生-事件发生时,相应的sockets数据将写入你传入的参数。
下面是PHP4.1.0之后版本的实现,如果你已经在编译PHP时包含了sockets(ext/sockets)支持,你可以使用根上面类似的代 码,只是需要将上面的streams/filesystem函数的功能用ext/sockets函数实现。主要的不同在于我们用下面的函数代替 stream_socket_client()来建立连接:
-
// This value is correct for Linux, other systems have other values
- define('EINPROGRESS', 115);
- function non_blocking_connect($host, $port, &$errno, &$errstr, $timeout) {
- $ip = gethostbyname($host);
- $s = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
- if (socket_set_nonblock($s)) {
- $r = @socket_connect($s, $ip, $port);
- if ($r socket_last_error() == EINPROGRESS) {
- $errno = EINPROGRESS;
- return $s;
- }
- }
- $errno = socket_last_error($s);
- $errstr = socket_strerror($errno);
- socket_close($s);
- return false;
- }
- ?>
现在用socket_select()替换掉stream_select(),用socket_read()替换掉fread(),用socket_write()替换掉fwrite(),用socket_close()替换掉fclose()就可以执行脚本了! PHP5的先进之处在于,你可以用stream_select()处理几乎所有的stream。例如你可以通过include STDIN用它接收键盘输入并保存进数组,你还可以接收通过proc_open()打开的管道中的数据。