ubuntu 13.10编译安装mono环境(二)

准备工作

先在vs2012上编译一个winform，代码如下：

using system;
using system.windows.forms;
namespace formstest
{
static class program
{
/// <summary>
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
/// </summary>
[stathread]
static void main()
{
application.enablevisualstyles();
application.setcompatibletextrenderingdefault(false);
application.run(new form());
}
}
}

尝试在ubuntu上用mono运行：

nike@nike-pc:~$ cd desktop/
nike@nike-pc:~/desktop$ ls
formstest.exe
nike@nike-pc:~/desktop$ mono formstest.exe
unhandled exception:
system.typeinitializationexception: an exception was thrown by the type initializer for system.windows.forms.xplatui ---> system.typeinitializationexception: an exception was thrown by the type initializer for system.drawing.gdiplus ---> system.dllnotfoundexception: /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/libgdiplus.so
at (wrapper managed-to-native) system.drawing.gdiplus:gdiplusstartup (ulong&,system.drawing.gdiplusstartupinput&,system.drawing.gdiplusstartupoutput&)
at system.drawing.gdiplus..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
--- end of inner exception stack trace ---
at system.drawing.graphics.fromhdcinternal (intptr hdc) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at system.windows.forms.xplatuix11.setdisplay (intptr display_handle) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at system.windows.forms.xplatuix11..ctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at system.windows.forms.xplatuix11.getinstance () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at system.windows.forms.xplatui..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
--- end of inner exception stack trace ---
at system.windows.forms.application.enablevisualstyles () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at formstest.program.main () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
[error] fatal unhandled exception: system.typeinitializationexception: an exception was thrown by the type initializer for system.windows.forms.xplatui ---> system.typeinitializationexception: an exception was thrown by the type initializer for system.drawing.gdiplus ---> system.dllnotfoundexception: /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/libgdiplus.so
at (wrapper managed-to-native) system.drawing.gdiplus:gdiplusstartup (ulong&,system.drawing.gdiplusstartupinput&,system.drawing.gdiplusstartupoutput&)
at system.drawing.gdiplus..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
--- end of inner exception stack trace ---
at system.drawing.graphics.fromhdcinternal (intptr hdc) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at system.windows.forms.xplatuix11.setdisplay (intptr display_handle) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at system.windows.forms.xplatuix11..ctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at system.windows.forms.xplatuix11.getinstance () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at system.windows.forms.xplatui..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
--- end of inner exception stack trace ---
at system.windows.forms.application.enablevisualstyles () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0
at formstest.program.main () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0

遇到错误了system.dllnotfoundexception: /opt/mono-3.2.8/lib/libgdiplus.so，原因是如果要在ubuntu运行winform，那么必须要安装libgdiplus。

下载libgdiplus并编译

nike@nike-pc:~$ cd src
nike@nike-pc:~/src$ wget http://download.mono-project.com/sources/libgdiplus/libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2
--2014-03-27 22:46:40-- http://download.mono-project.com/sources/libgdiplus/libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2
resolving download.mono-project.com (download.mono-project.com)... 54.230.157.116, 54.230.157.204, 54.230.158.216, ...
connecting to download.mono-project.com (download.mono-project.com)|54.230.157.116|:80... connected.
http request sent, awaiting response... 200 ok
length: 2074317 (2.0m) [application/x-bzip2]
saving to: ‘libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2'
 
100%[======================================>] 2,074,317 224kb/s in 9.5s
 
2014-03-27 22:46:54 (213 kb/s) - ‘libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2' saved [2074317/2074317]
 
nike@nike-pc:~/src$ ls
libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2 mono-3.2.8 mono-3.2.8.tar.bz2
nike@nike-pc:~/src$ tar -xvjf libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2
nike@nike-pc:~/src$ cd libgdiplus-2.10.9/
nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8
==============>省略了很多<==============
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking for base_dependencies... no
configure: error: package requirements (glib-2.0 >= 2.2.3) were not met:
no package 'glib-2.0' found
consider adjusting the pkg_config_path environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.
 
alternatively, you may set the environment variables base_dependencies_cflags
and base_dependencies_libs to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
see the pkg-config man page for more details.

遇到错误了，需要安装libglib2.0-dev：

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev
reading package lists... done
building dependency tree
reading state information... done
the following extra packages will be installed:
libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 zlib1g-dev
suggested packages:
libglib2.0-doc
the following new packages will be installed:
libglib2.0-dev libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 zlib1g-dev
the following packages will be upgraded:
libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin
2 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 273 not upgraded.
need to get 2,728 kb of archives.
after this operation, 9,208 kb of additional disk space will be used.
do you want to continue [y/n]?
==============>省略了很多<==============

重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8
==============>省略了很多<==============
checking for libpng14... checking for libpng12... no
checking for png_read_info in -lpng... no
configure: error: *** libpng12 not found. see http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html.

又遇到错误了，需要安装libpng-dev：

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libpng-dev

重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8
==============>省略了很多<==============
./configure: line 13371: test: too many arguments
configure: error: "failed to compile with x11/xlib.h include. you must fix your compiler paths"

提示错误，需要安装libx11-dev：

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libx11-dev

重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8
==============>省略了很多<==============
configure: error: cairo requires at least one font backend.
please install freetype and fontconfig, then try again:
http://freetype.org/ http://fontconfig.org/

configure: error: ./configure failed for cairo

需要安装freetype和fontconfig：

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev
nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install fontconfig
nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo apt-get install libfontconfig1-dev

重新初始化libgdiplus安装配置文件：

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-3.2.8
==============>省略了很多<==============
configuration summary
 
* installation prefix = /opt/mono-3.2.8
* cairo = 1.6.4 (internal)
* text = cairo
* exif tags = no. get it from http://libexif.sourceforge.net/
* codecs supported:
 
- tiff: no (get it from http://www.libtiff.org/)
- jpeg: no (get it from http://freshmeat.net/projects/libjpeg)
- gif: no (see http://sourceforge.net/projects/libgif)
- png: yes
 
note: if any of the above say 'no' you may install the
corresponding development packages for them, rerun
autogen.sh to include them in the build.

nike@nike-pc:

./configure通过。

编译安装源代码

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ make
make all-recursive
make[1]: entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9'
making all in pixman
make[2]: entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/pixman'
make all-recursive
make[3]: entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/pixman'
making all in pixman
make[4]: entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/pixman/pixman'
/bin/bash ../libtool --tag=cc --mode=compile gcc -dhave_config_h -i. -i.. -g -o2 -wall -fvisibility=hidden -mt pixman-access.lo -md -mp -mf .deps/pixman-access.tpo -c -o pixman-access.lo pixman-access.c
../libtool: line 852: x--tag=cc: command not found

遇到错误了，通过google搜索，可能是因为在项目目录下生成的libtool脚本中定义了$echo变量，但是在脚本文件ltmain.sh中，使用的却是$echo（生成的libtool版本太旧） 解决方法很简单export echo=echo即可：

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ export echo=echo
nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ make
==============>省略了很多<==============
make[2]: entering directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/tests'
/bin/bash ../libtool --tag=cc --mode=link gcc -g -o2 -pthread -o testgdi testgdi.o ../src/libgdiplus.la -lpthread -lfontconfig
libtool: link: gcc -g -o2 -pthread -o .libs/testgdi testgdi.o ../src/.libs/libgdiplus.so -lpthread -lfontconfig -pthread -wl,-rpath -wl,/opt/mono-3.2.8/lib
/usr/bin/ld: testgdi.o: undefined reference to symbol 'g_print'
/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0: error adding symbols: dso missing from command line
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [testgdi] error 1
make[2]: leaving directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/tests'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] error 1
make[1]: leaving directory `/home/nike/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9'
make: *** [all] error 2

编译时又出错了，解决办法为： 1.运行./configure后，编辑tests/makefile文件 2.在makefile文件130行位置，将libs = -lpthread -lfontconfig改为libs = -lpthread -lfontconfig -lglib-2.0 -lx11 3.再次运行make即可

nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ vim tests/makefile
nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ make
==============>编译很快<==============
nike@nike-pc:~/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9$ sudo make install
==============>省略了很多<==============

安装完成。

设置path环境变量

nike@nike-pc:~/src/mono-3.2.8$ cd ~
nike@nike-pc:~$ vim .bashrc

在该文件末尾追加以下语句： export ld_library_path=/opt/mono-3.2.8/lib 然后：

nike@nike-pc:~$ . .bashrc
nike@nike-pc:~$ echo $ld_library_path
/opt/mono-3.2.8/lib
nike@nike-pc:~$

验证libgdiplus是否安装成功

nike@nike-pc:~$ cd desktop/
nike@nike-pc:~/desktop$ mono formstest.exe

运行成功。