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Linux(CentOS7)安装Tomcat与设置Tomcat为开机启动项(tomcat8为例)

程序员文章站 2022-03-18 11:28:59
安装tomcat 下载tomcat压缩包 tomcat有tomcat7,tomcat8和tomcat9等版本,目前企业使用较多的是tomcat8,所以这里以tomcat8为列 进...

安装tomcat

下载tomcat压缩包

tomcat有tomcat7,tomcat8和tomcat9等版本,目前企业使用较多的是tomcat8,所以这里以tomcat8为列

进入tomcat8下载网址:tomcat8下载网址

点击左侧download下的对应版本,这里我下载的是apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz,即linux环境的压缩包

tomcat主要有三个安装版本

  • tar.gz:linux环境下的压缩包,免安装
  • windows.zip:windows压缩包,免安装,解压即用,同时注意根据自己电脑是64位系统还是32位系统下载对应的压缩包
  • windows service installer:windows安装包,32位和64位版本的windows系统都适用

安装tomcat

将下载好的apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz放到指定目录,我这里放到/usr/local/tomcat,如下图所示

进入/usr/local/tomcat目录,解压tomcat压缩包

# 进入/usr/local/tomcat目录
cd /usr/local/tomcat
# 解压tomcat压缩包
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.47.tar.gz

启动tomcat

进入tomcat的bin目录,启动tomcat

# 进入tomcat的bin目录,启动tomcat
cd apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/
# 启动tomcat
./startup.sh

查看tomcat是否启动成功

# 查看tomcat是否启动成功执行
ps -ef | grep tomcat
# 如果输出如下,说明tomcat安装成功
root  2381  1 11 22:18 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152/bin/java -djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/conf/logging.properties -djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.classloaderlogmanager -djdk.tls.ephemeraldhkeysize=2048 -djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -dorg.apache.catalina.security.securitylistener.umask=0027 -dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47 -dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47 -djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.bootstrap start
root  2513 29060 0 22:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat

使用浏览器访问tomcat,地址linux的ip:8080,我这里的ip端口是,如下图说明在linux(centos7)环境安装启动tomcat成功,为自己点一个赞

注意:开放8080端口或者关闭防火墙

附加:开放8080端口或者关闭防火墙,如果是阿里云只能在阿里云控制台配置开放端口

# 开启8080端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
# 查询端口号8080是否开启
firewall-cmd --query-port=8080/tcp
# 重启防火墙
firewall-cmd --reload
# 查看开放端口列表
firewall-cmd --list-port
# 命令含义
--zone #作用域
--add-port=8080/tcp #添加端口,格式为:端口/通讯协议
--permanent #永久生效,没有此参数重启后失效
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动

设置tomcat为开机启动项

按照上面的方式启动tomcat,如果我们的虚拟机或者服务器关闭了,重启服务器后tomcat是关闭的,但是我们希望虚拟机或者服务器重启后,tomcat可以自己启动,所以我们需要设置tomcat为开机启动项

创建setenv.sh文件,为tomcat添加启动参数

catalina.sh在执行的时候会调用同级路径下的setenv.sh来设置额外的环境变量,因此在/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin路径下创建setenv.sh文件,内容如下:

# 设置tomcat的pid文件
catalina_pid="$catalina_base/tomcat.pid"
# 添加jvm选项
java_opts="-server -xx:permsize=256m -xx:maxpermsize=1024m -xms512m -xmx1024m -xx:maxnewsize=256m"

/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/catalina.sh文件开头添加java_home和jre_home,其中/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152为jdk的安装目录

export java_home=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152
export jre_home=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152/jre

如果在catalina.sh不配置java_home和jre_home就会报如下的错误

[root@jourwon ~]# systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - tomcat
 loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 active: failed (result: exit-code) since mon 2019-10-21 19:54:54 cst; 6s ago
 process: 8746 execstart=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=1/failure)

oct 21 19:54:54 jourwon systemd[1]: starting tomcat...
oct 21 19:54:54 jourwon startup.sh[8746]: neither the java_home nor the jre_...d
oct 21 19:54:54 jourwon startup.sh[8746]: at least one of these environment ...m
oct 21 19:54:54 jourwon systemd[1]: tomcat.service: control process exited,...=1
oct 21 19:54:54 jourwon systemd[1]: failed to start tomcat.
oct 21 19:54:54 jourwon systemd[1]: unit tomcat.service entered failed state.
oct 21 19:54:54 jourwon systemd[1]: tomcat.service failed.
hint: some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

在/usr/lib/systemd/system路径下添加tomcat.service文件,内容如下:

[unit]
description=tomcat
after=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[service]
type=forking
timeoutsec=0
pidfile=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/tomcat.pid
execstart=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/startup.sh
execreload=/bin/kill -s hup $mainpid
execstop=/bin/kill -s quit $mainpid
privatetmp=true
[install]
wantedby=multi-user.target

此外service文件修改后需要调用systemctl daemon-reload命令重新加载。

配置timeoutsec=0的目的是让开机启动不处理tomcat启动超时,保证tomcat耗时过长时不会被系统terminating,如果不配置可能出现下面的情况

oct 21 20:26:37 jourwon startup.sh[1634]: existing pid file found during start.
oct 21 20:26:37 jourwon startup.sh[1634]: removing/clearing stale pid file.
oct 21 20:26:37 jourwon startup.sh[1634]: tomcat started.
oct 21 20:26:37 jourwon systemd[1]: pid file /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/tomcat.pid not readable (yet?) after start.
oct 21 20:26:38 jourwon polkitd[464]: unregistered authentication agent for unix-process:1628:19013 (system bus name :1.23, object path /org/freedesktop/policykit1/authenticationagent, loca
oct 21 20:28:07 jourwon systemd[1]: tomcat.service start operation timed out. terminating.
oct 21 20:28:07 jourwon systemd[1]: failed to start tomcat.

把tomcat加入开机自启动

systemctl enable tomcat.service

重启服务器

reboot

再次连接后,查看服务状态

[root@jourwon ~]# systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - tomcat
 loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 active: activating (start) since mon 2019-10-21 20:12:19 cst; 8s ago
 process: 9244 execstart=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/success)
 cgroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
   └─9255 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_152/jre/bin/java -djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/conf/logging.properties -djava.util.logging.manager=org.apac...

oct 21 20:12:19 jourwon systemd[1]: starting tomcat...
oct 21 20:12:19 jourwon startup.sh[9244]: existing pid file found during start.
oct 21 20:12:19 jourwon startup.sh[9244]: removing/clearing stale pid file.
oct 21 20:12:19 jourwon startup.sh[9244]: tomcat started.
oct 21 20:12:19 jourwon systemd[1]: pid file /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.47/tomcat.pid not readable (yet?) after start.

查看开机启动列表命令

systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled

查看tomcat是否设置为开机启动项,如果显示为enabled,说明设置成功

参数说明

  • static:表示该服务与其他服务相关联,不能单独设置该服务的启动状态
  • disabled:表示禁止开机启动
  • enabled:表示允许开机启动
[root@jourwon ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep tomcat
tomcat.service        enabled

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的linux(centos7)安装tomcat与设置tomcat为开机启动项(tomcat8为例),希望对大家有所帮助