Git忽略提交规则

现在开源项目越来越多，git使用越来越方便，用git的人也越来越多。创建项目的时候，喜欢把日志，临时文件，项目编译的中间文件，引用的类库等等，这时就要设置响应的规则，来忽略这些文件。例如创建一个c#项目，项目下面会有.vs，bin，obj等，这些都是不需要提交的需要忽略的，如何忽略呢？其实很简单，增加.gitignore文件就可以了，下面将详细说明c#项目的忽视规则。

创建git项目

创建git项目，创建的时候有个.gitignore的选项，根据自己的需要选择需要忽视的文件，例如：java，python等，c#的项目选择visualstudio，因为创建的都是vs项目，这里面有需要c#项目所忽略的设置。创建完项目之后，项目下面就有个.gitignore文件，这个文件是可以修改的。

忽视文件

例如：忽视后缀是.suo，.user的文件，*正式所有

*.suo
*.user

忽视文件夹

[dd]用的是正则，匹配大小写d，两个**表示匹配任意中间目录

[dd]ebug/
[dd]ebugpublic/
[rr]elease/
[rr]eleases/
**/[pp]ackages/*

git忽略文件的原则

1. 编译生成的文件，例如：dll，等
2. 配置文件，敏感的信息（密码，口令）
3. 项目工具生成的文件，例如：引用nuget时生成的packages等
4. 项目测试的文件，日志文件等。

.gitignore忽略规则的匹配语法

1. “#"开头，是git上的注释说明
2. 以"/"开头表示根目录，其他位置的“/”表示的是忽视目录
3.“*”匹配多个字符，“**”匹配任意中间目录
4.“[]”匹配中括号中的字符
5.“!”表示不忽视,即：如果忽视某些文件，可以用!让这些文件在启用，如果文件夹的父目录被忽略了，那么这个文件在启用，也就没有什么用了。
注意：git对于.ignore配置文件是从上到下进行规则匹配的，如果前面的规则匹配的范围更大，则后面的规则将不会生效；git上的忽视文件.ignore要在创建git的时候创建，如果是之后创建的，已经push过的，在忽视将不起作用，因为git已经开始管理这些文件了。

.gitignore查看忽视文件和文件夹

 git check-ignore -v bin
 .gitignore:23:[bb]in/   bin

查看忽视文件夹，可以看到，第23行的忽视规则把bin给忽视掉了，如果运行指令，没有返回值则表示没有忽视此文件或者文件夹的规则。

git忽视已经上传的文件解决办法

在使用git的时候，创建了一个.gitignore文件，但是后来发现有一个文件已经上传了，没有写忽视规则，但是又想这个文件【本地保存】，【远程删除】，例如：忽视已经上传的文件【test.txt】或者文件夹，用git rm -r –cached directory
1. git rm -r --cached test.txt
2. commit和push
操作之后，你可以看到本地文件还在，远程的已经删除了

vs项目忽视文件（c#、.net，mvc等）

## ignore visual studio temporary files, build results, and
## files generated by popular visual studio add-ons.
##
## get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/visualstudio.gitignore

# user-specific files
*.suo
*.user
*.userosscache
*.sln.docstates

# user-specific files (monodevelop/xamarin studio)
*.userprefs

# build results
[dd]ebug/
[dd]ebugpublic/
[rr]elease/
[rr]eleases/
x64/
x86/
bld/
[bb]in/
[oo]bj/
[ll]og/

# visual studio 2015/2017 cache/options directory
.vs/
# uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
#wwwroot/

# visual studio 2017 auto generated files
generated\ files/

# mstest test results
[tt]est[rr]esult*/
[bb]uild[ll]og.*

# nunit
*.visualstate.xml
testresult.xml

# build results of an atl project
[dd]ebugps/
[rr]eleaseps/
dlldata.c

# benchmark results
benchmarkdotnet.artifacts/

# .net core
project.lock.json
project.fragment.lock.json
artifacts/
**/properties/launchsettings.json

# stylecop
stylecopreport.xml

# files built by visual studio
*_i.c
*_p.c
*_i.h
*.ilk
*.meta
*.obj
*.iobj
*.pch
*.pdb
*.ipdb
*.pgc
*.pgd
*.rsp
*.sbr
*.tlb
*.tli
*.tlh
*.tmp
*.tmp_proj
*.log
*.vspscc
*.vssscc
.builds
*.pidb
*.svclog
*.scc

# chutzpah test files
_chutzpah*

# visual c++ cache files
ipch/
*.aps
*.ncb
*.opendb
*.opensdf
*.sdf
*.cachefile
*.vc.db
*.vc.vc.opendb

# visual studio profiler
*.psess
*.vsp
*.vspx
*.sap

# visual studio trace files
*.e2e

# tfs 2012 local workspace
$tf/

# guidance automation toolkit
*.gpstate

# resharper is a .net coding add-in
_resharper*/
*.[rr]e[ss]harper
*.dotsettings.user

# justcode is a .net coding add-in
.justcode

# teamcity is a build add-in
_teamcity*

# dotcover is a code coverage tool
*.dotcover

# axocover is a code coverage tool
.axocover/*
!.axocover/settings.json

# visual studio code coverage results
*.coverage
*.coveragexml

# ncrunch
_ncrunch_*
.*crunch*.local.xml
ncrunchtemp_*

# mightymoose
*.mm.*
autotest.net/

# web workbench (sass)
.sass-cache/

# installshield output folder
[ee]xpress/

# docproject is a documentation generator add-in
docproject/buildhelp/
docproject/help/*.hxt
docproject/help/*.hxc
docproject/help/*.hhc
docproject/help/*.hhk
docproject/help/*.hhp
docproject/help/html2
docproject/help/html

# click-once directory
publish/

# publish web output
*.[pp]ublish.xml
*.azurepubxml
# note: comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings,
# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
*.pubxml
*.publishproj

# microsoft azure web app publish settings. comment the next line if you want to
# checkin your azure web app publish settings, but sensitive information contained
# in these scripts will be unencrypted
publishscripts/

# nuget packages
*.nupkg
# the packages folder can be ignored because of package restore
**/[pp]ackages/*
# except build/, which is used as an msbuild target.
!**/[pp]ackages/build/
# uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
#!**/[pp]ackages/repositories.config
# nuget v3's project.json files produces more ignorable files
*.nuget.props
*.nuget.targets

# microsoft azure build output
csx/
*.build.csdef

# microsoft azure emulator
ecf/
rcf/

# windows store app package directories and files
apppackages/
bundleartifacts/
package.storeassociation.xml
_pkginfo.txt
*.appx

# visual studio cache files
# files ending in .cache can be ignored
*.[cc]ache
# but keep track of directories ending in .cache
!*.[cc]ache/

# others
clientbin/
~$*
*~
*.dbmdl
*.dbproj.schemaview
*.jfm
*.pfx
*.publishsettings
orleans.codegen.cs

# including strong name files can present a security risk 
# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/2483#issue-259490424)
#*.snk

# since there are multiple workflows, uncomment next line to ignore bower_components
# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/1529#issuecomment-104372622)
#bower_components/

# ria/silverlight projects
generated_code/

# backup & report files from converting an old project file
# to a newer visual studio version. backup files are not needed,
# because we have git ;-)
_upgradereport_files/
backup*/
upgradelog*.xml
upgradelog*.htm
servicefabricbackup/
*.rptproj.bak

# sql server files
*.mdf
*.ldf
*.ndf

# business intelligence projects
*.rdl.data
*.bim.layout
*.bim_*.settings
*.rptproj.rsuser

# microsoft fakes
fakesassemblies/

# ghostdoc plugin setting file
*.ghostdoc.xml

# node.js tools for visual studio
.ntvs_analysis.dat
node_modules/

# visual studio 6 build log
*.plg

# visual studio 6 workspace options file
*.opt

# visual studio 6 auto-generated workspace file (contains which files were open etc.)
*.vbw

# visual studio lightswitch build output
**/*.htmlclient/generatedartifacts
**/*.desktopclient/generatedartifacts
**/*.desktopclient/modelmanifest.xml
**/*.server/generatedartifacts
**/*.server/modelmanifest.xml
_pvt_extensions

# paket dependency manager
.paket/paket.exe
paket-files/

# fake - f# make
.fake/

# jetbrains rider
.idea/
*.sln.iml

# coderush
.cr/

# python tools for visual studio (ptvs)
__pycache__/
*.pyc

# cake - uncomment if you are using it
# tools/**
# !tools/packages.config

# tabs studio
*.tss

# telerik's justmock configuration file
*.jmconfig

# biztalk build output
*.btp.cs
*.btm.cs
*.odx.cs
*.xsd.cs

# opencover ui analysis results
opencover/

# azure stream analytics local run output 
asalocalrun/

# msbuild binary and structured log
*.binlog

# nvidia nsight gpu debugger configuration file
*.nvuser

# mfractors (xamarin productivity tool) working folder 
.mfractor/