JavaScript不清不楚之slice、splice

Array.prototype.slice

以下代码均来自：MDN

1. slice 不修改原数组，只会返回一个浅复制了原数组中的元素的一个新数组
2. 如果原数组里有引用类型的项，则修改新数组会影响原数组

/**
 * Shim for "fixing" IE's lack of support (IE < 9) for applying slice
 * on host objects like NamedNodeMap, NodeList, and HTMLCollection
 * (technically, since host objects have been implementation-dependent,
 * at least before ES2015, IE hasn't needed to work this way).
 * Also works on strings, fixes IE < 9 to allow an explicit undefined
 * for the 2nd argument (as in Firefox), and prevents errors when
 * called on other DOM objects.
 */
(function () {
  'use strict';
  var _slice = Array.prototype.slice;

  try {
    // Can't be used with DOM elements in IE < 9
    _slice.call(document.documentElement);
  } catch (e) { // Fails in IE < 9
    // This will work for genuine arrays, array-like objects, 
    // NamedNodeMap (attributes, entities, notations),
    // NodeList (e.g., getElementsByTagName), HTMLCollection (e.g., childNodes),
    // and will not fail on other DOM objects (as do DOM elements in IE < 9)
    Array.prototype.slice = function(begin, end) {
      // IE < 9 gets unhappy with an undefined end argument
      //不传end值，默认为length
      end = (typeof end !== 'undefined') ? end : this.length;

      // For native Array objects, we use the native slice function
      if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this) === '[object Array]'){
        return _slice.call(this, begin, end); 
      }

      // For array like object we handle it ourselves.
      var i, cloned = [],
        size, len = this.length;

      // Handle negative value for "begin"
      var start = begin || 0;
      start = (start >= 0) ? start : Math.max(0, len + start);

      // Handle negative value for "end"
      var upTo = (typeof end == 'number') ? Math.min(end, len) : len;
      if (end < 0) {
        upTo = len + end;
      }

      // Actual expected size of the slice
      size = upTo - start;

      if (size > 0) {
        cloned = new Array(size);
        //如果this是一个字符串
        if (this.charAt) {
          for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            cloned[i] = this.charAt(start + i);
          }
        } else {
          //数组
          for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            cloned[i] = this[start + i];
          }
        }
      }

      return cloned;
    };
  }
}());

//类数组（Array-like）对象，截取生成正真的数组
var arrLike = {length: 2, 0: "dao-keer", 1: 18}
Array.prototype.slice.call(arrLike);
//["dao-keer", 18]

Array.prototype.splice

1. 此函数可以在指定的位置删除、插入元素项
2. start指定删除插入的索引位置，deleteCount指定要删除多少个元素，后面的参数会依次插入
3. 此方法会改变原数组，返回由被删除的元素组成的一个数组。如果只删除了一个元素，则返回只包含一个元素的数组。如果没有删除元素，则返回空数组

array.splice(start[, deleteCount[, item1[, item2[, …]]]])

var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'trumpet', 'sturgeon'];
var removed = myFish.splice(0, 2, 'parrot', 'anemone', 'blue');
// 运算后的myFish： ["parrot", "anemone", "blue", "trumpet", "sturgeon"] 
// 返回值：["angel", "clown"]