PHP访问MySql数据库 高级篇 AJAX技术
在前面的文章，我们已经开发了一个能够读取数据库并显示数据的程序，且程序达到了良好的界面与逻辑分离。但是这个程序并不能支持我们对数据库进行增加、删除和修改操作。因此在这里增加这些功能。每次增加删除或修改数据时，通过AJAX方式向后台发送请求，再根据后台的返回结果调整页面显示。这种方法可以减轻服务器的负担。
下面先简单的介绍下AJAX，然后给出完整的示例：
AJAX 是一种独立于 Web 服务器软件的浏览器技术。它不是一种新的编程语言，而是一种用于创建更好更快以及交互性更强的 Web 应用程序的技术。通过 AJAX方式，可使用 JavaScript 的XMLHttpRequest 对象来直接与服务器进行通信。这样便可以在不重载页面的情况与 Web 服务器交换数据。同时AJAX 在浏览器与 Web 服务器之间使用异步数据传输（HTTP 请求），这样就可使网页从服务器请求少量的信息，而不是整个页面。AJAX手册可以访问http://api.jquery.com/category/ajax/
下面是本系列中功能最为全面的程序——从test数据库的t_student表中读取数据然后显示，同时支持对t_student表进行AJAX方式的增加、删除和修改操作。在界面功能上也有表格的奇偶行变色及鼠标经过变色，使得程序更加的美观。
程序共分为8个文件，分别为smarty2.php、smarty2.html、smarty2_head.php、smarty2.js和smarty2.css及新增加的insert.php、delete.php及updata.php。
1．smarty2_head.php文件
定义数据库相关的常量，变量数组。数据库名，用户名与密码，表名等在此定义。
// by MoreWindows( http://blog.csdn.net/MoreWindows )
define(DB_HOST, 'localhost');
define(DB_USER, 'root');
define(DB_PASS, '111111');
define(DB_DATABASENAME, 'test');
define(DB_TABLENAME, 't_student');
$dbcolarray = array('id', 'name', 'age');
?>
// by MoreWindows( http://blog.csdn.net/MoreWindows )
define(DB_HOST, 'localhost');
define(DB_USER, 'root');
define(DB_PASS, '111111');
define(DB_DATABASENAME, 'test');
define(DB_TABLENAME, 't_student');
$dbcolarray = array('id', 'name', 'age');
?>
2．smarty2.php文件
// by MoreWindows( http://blog.csdn.net/MoreWindows )
header("Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8");
require('../../smart_libs/Smarty.class.php');
require_once('smarty2_head.php');
date_default_timezone_set("PRC");
//mysql_connect
$conn = mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS) or die("connect failed" . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(DB_DATABASENAME, $conn);
//个数
$sql = sprintf("select count(*) from %s", DB_TABLENAME);
$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn);
if ($result)
{
$dbcount = mysql_fetch_row($result);
$tpl_db_count = $dbcount[0];
}
else
{
die("query failed");
}
$tpl_db_tablename = DB_TABLENAME;
$tpl_db_coltitle = $dbcolarray;
//表中内容
$tpl_db_rows = array();
$sql = sprintf("select %s from %s", implode(",",$dbcolarray), DB_TABLENAME);
$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn);
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC))//等价$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($result)
$tpl_db_rows[] = $row;
mysql_free_result($result);
mysql_close($conn);
$tpl = new Smarty;
$tpl->assign('db_tablename', $tpl_db_tablename);
$tpl->assign('db_count', $tpl_db_count);
$tpl->assign('db_coltitle', $tpl_db_coltitle);
$tpl->assign('db_rows', $tpl_db_rows);
$tpl->display('smarty2.html');
?>
// by MoreWindows( http://blog.csdn.net/MoreWindows )
header("Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8");
require('../../smart_libs/Smarty.class.php');
require_once('smarty2_head.php');
date_default_timezone_set("PRC");
//mysql_connect
$conn = mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS) or die("connect failed" . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(DB_DATABASENAME, $conn);
//个数
$sql = sprintf("select count(*) from %s", DB_TABLENAME);
$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn);
if ($result)
{
$dbcount = mysql_fetch_row($result);
$tpl_db_count = $dbcount[0];
}
else
{
die("query failed");
}
$tpl_db_tablename = DB_TABLENAME;
$tpl_db_coltitle = $dbcolarray;
//表中内容
$tpl_db_rows = array();
$sql = sprintf("select %s from %s", implode(",",$dbcolarray), DB_TABLENAME);
$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn);
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC))//等价$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($result)
$tpl_db_rows[] = $row;
mysql_free_result($result);
mysql_close($conn);
$tpl = new Smarty;
$tpl->assign('db_tablename', $tpl_db_tablename);
$tpl->assign('db_count', $tpl_db_count);
$tpl->assign('db_coltitle', $tpl_db_coltitle);
$tpl->assign('db_rows', $tpl_db_rows);
$tpl->display('smarty2.html');
?>
3．smarty2.html文件
表名：{$db_tablename}
| {$col} | 操作 |
|---|---|
| {$val} | |
表名：{$db_tablename}
| {$col} | 操作 |
|---|---|
| {$val} |
|
4．smarty2.js文件
新增加了表格的鼠标经过行变色效果
//在表格的第一列中查找等于指定ID的行
function SearchIdInTable(tablerow, findid)
{
var i;
var tablerownum = tablerow.length;
for (i = 1; i
if ($("#Table tr:eq(" + i + ") td:eq(0)").html() == findid)
return i;
return -1;
}
//用CSS控制奇偶行的颜色
function SetTableRowColor()
{
$("#Table tr:odd").css("background-color", "#e6e6fa");
$("#Table tr:even").css("background-color", "#fff0fa");
$("#Table tr:odd").hover(
function(){$(this).css("background-color", "orange");},
function(){$(this).css("background-color", "#e6e6fa");}
);
$("#Table tr:even").hover(
function(){$(this).css("background-color", "orange");},
function(){$(this).css("background-color", "#fff0fa");}
);
}
//响应edit按钮
function editFun(id, name, age)
{
$("#editdiv").show();
$("#adddiv").hide();
$("#editdiv_id").val(id);
$("#editdiv_name").val(name);
$("#editdiv_age").val(age);
}
//响应add按钮
function addFun()
{
$("#editdiv").hide();
$("#adddiv").show();
}
//记录条数增加
function IncTableRowCount()
{
var tc = $("#tableRowCount");
tc.html(parseInt(tc.html()) + 1);
}
//记录条数减少
function DecTableRowCount()
{
var tc = $("#tableRowCount");
tc.html(parseInt(tc.html()) - 1);
}
//增加一行
function addRowInTable(id, name, age)
{
//新增加一行
var appendstr = "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
$("#Table").append(appendstr);
IncTableRowCount();
}
//修改某一行
function updataRowInTable(id, newname, newage)
{
var i = SearchIdInTable($("#Table tr"), id);
if (i != -1)
{
$("#Table tr:eq(" + i + ") td:eq(1)").html(name != "" ? name : " ");
$("#Table tr:eq(" + i + ") td:eq(2)").html(age != "" ? age : " ");
$("#editdiv").hide();
}
}
//删除某一行
function deleteRowInTable(id)
{
var i = SearchIdInTable($("#Table tr"), id);
if (i != -1)
{
//删除表格中该行
$("#Table tr:eq(" + i + ")").remove();
SetTableRowColor();
DecTableRowCount();
}
}
//增加删除修改数据库函数 通过AJAX与服务器通信
function insertFun()
{
var name = $("#adddiv_name").val();
var age = $("#adddiv_age").val();
if (name == "" || age == "")
{
alert("请输入名字和年龄!");
return ;
}
//submit to server 返回插入数据的id
$.post("insert.php", {name:name, age:age}, function(data){
if (data == "f")
{
alert("Insert date failed");
}
else
{
addRowInTable(data, name, age);
SetTableRowColor();
$("#adddiv").hide();
}
});
}
function deleteFun(id)
{
if (confirm("确认删除?"))
{
//submit to server
$.post("delete.php", {id:id}, function(data){
if (data == "f")
{
alert("delete date failed");
}
else
{
deleteRowInTable(id);
}
});
}
}
function updataFun()
{
var id = $("#editdiv_id").val();
var name = $("#editdiv_name").val();
var age = $("#editdiv_age").val();
//submit to server
$.post("updata.php", {id:id, name:name, age:age}, function(data){
if (data == "f")
{
alert("Updata date failed");
}
else
{
updataRowInTable(id, name, age);
}
});
}
$(document).ready(function()
{
SetTableRowColor();
UpdataTableRowCount();
});
//在表格的第一列中查找等于指定ID的行
function SearchIdInTable(tablerow, findid)
{
var i;
var tablerownum = tablerow.length;
for (i = 1; i if ($("#Table tr:eq(" + i + ") td:eq(0)").html() == findid)
return i;
return -1;
}
//用CSS控制奇偶行的颜色
function SetTableRowColor()
{
$("#Table tr:odd").css("background-color", "#e6e6fa");
$("#Table tr:even").css("background-color", "#fff0fa");
$("#Table tr:odd").hover(
function(){$(this).css("background-color", "orange");},
function(){$(this).css("background-color", "#e6e6fa");}
);
$("#Table tr:even").hover(
function(){$(this).css("background-color", "orange");},
function(){$(this).css("background-color", "#fff0fa");}
);
}
//响应edit按钮
function editFun(id, name, age)
{
$("#editdiv").show();
$("#adddiv").hide();
$("#editdiv_id").val(id);
$("#editdiv_name").val(name);
$("#editdiv_age").val(age);
}
//响应add按钮
function addFun()
{
$("#editdiv").hide();
$("#adddiv").show();
}
//记录条数增加
function IncTableRowCount()
{
var tc = $("#tableRowCount");
tc.html(parseInt(tc.html()) + 1);
}
//记录条数减少
function DecTableRowCount()
{
var tc = $("#tableRowCount");
tc.html(parseInt(tc.html()) - 1);
}
//增加一行
function addRowInTable(id, name, age)
{
//新增加一行
var appendstr = "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
appendstr += "
$("#Table").append(appendstr);
IncTableRowCount();
}
//修改某一行
function updataRowInTable(id, newname, newage)
{
var i = SearchIdInTable($("#Table tr"), id);
if (i != -1)
{
$("#Table tr:eq(" + i + ") td:eq(1)").html(name != "" ? name : " ");
$("#Table tr:eq(" + i + ") td:eq(2)").html(age != "" ? age : " ");
$("#editdiv").hide();
}
}
//删除某一行
function deleteRowInTable(id)
{
var i = SearchIdInTable($("#Table tr"), id);
if (i != -1)
{
//删除表格中该行
$("#Table tr:eq(" + i + ")").remove();
SetTableRowColor();
DecTableRowCount();
}
}
//增加删除修改数据库函数 通过AJAX与服务器通信
function insertFun()
{
var name = $("#adddiv_name").val();
var age = $("#adddiv_age").val();
if (name == "" || age == "")
{
alert("请输入名字和年龄!");
return ;
}
//submit to server 返回插入数据的id
$.post("insert.php", {name:name, age:age}, function(data){
if (data == "f")
{
alert("Insert date failed");
}
else
{
addRowInTable(data, name, age);
SetTableRowColor();
$("#adddiv").hide();
}
});
}
function deleteFun(id)
{
if (confirm("确认删除?"))
{
//submit to server
$.post("delete.php", {id:id}, function(data){
if (data == "f")
{
alert("delete date failed");
}
else
{
deleteRowInTable(id);
}
});
}
}
function updataFun()
{
var id = $("#editdiv_id").val();
var name = $("#editdiv_name").val();
var age = $("#editdiv_age").val();
//submit to server
$.post("updata.php", {id:id, name:name, age:age}, function(data){
if (data == "f")
{
alert("Updata date failed");
}
else
{
updataRowInTable(id, name, age);
}
});
}
$(document).ready(function()
{
SetTableRowColor();
UpdataTableRowCount();
});
5．smarty2.css文件
@charset "utf-8";
h1
{
color:Red;
text-align:center;
}
table th
{
background-color:#7cfc00;
}
@charset "utf-8";
h1
{
color:Red;
text-align:center;
}
table th
{
background-color:#7cfc00;
}
6．新增加的insert.php
将数据插入数据库中，成功返回新插入数据的id号，失败返回"f"。
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require_once 'smarty2_head.php';
//mysql_connect
$conn = mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS) or die("connect failed" . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(DB_DATABASENAME, $conn);
//params
$name = $_POST['name'];
$age = $_POST['age'];
//insert db
$sql = sprintf("INSERT INTO %s(name, age) VALUES('%s', %d)", DB_TABLENAME, $name, $age);
$result=mysql_query($sql, $conn);
if ($result)
echo mysql_insert_id($conn);
else
echo "f";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
require_once 'smarty2_head.php';
//mysql_connect
$conn = mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS) or die("connect failed" . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(DB_DATABASENAME, $conn);
//params
$name = $_POST['name'];
$age = $_POST['age'];
//insert db
$sql = sprintf("INSERT INTO %s(name, age) VALUES('%s', %d)", DB_TABLENAME, $name, $age);
$result=mysql_query($sql, $conn);
if ($result)
echo mysql_insert_id($conn);
else
echo "f";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
7．新增加的delete.php
根据id删除数据库中一行记录，成功返回"f"，失败返回"t"。
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require_once 'smarty2_head.php';
//mysql_connect
$conn = mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS) or die("connect failed" . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(DB_DATABASENAME, $conn);
//params
$id = $_POST['id'];
//delete row in db
$sql = sprintf("delete from %s where id=%d", DB_TABLENAME, $id);
$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn);
mysql_close($conn);
if ($result)
echo "t";
else
echo "f";
?>
require_once 'smarty2_head.php';
//mysql_connect
$conn = mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS) or die("connect failed" . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(DB_DATABASENAME, $conn);
//params
$id = $_POST['id'];
//delete row in db
$sql = sprintf("delete from %s where id=%d", DB_TABLENAME, $id);
$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn);
mysql_close($conn);
if ($result)
echo "t";
else
echo "f";
?>
8．新增加的updata.php
根据id修改数据库中一行记录，成功返回"f"，失败返回"t"。
require_once 'smarty2_head.php';
//mysql_connect
$conn = mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS) or die("connect failed" . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(DB_DATABASENAME, $conn);
//params
$id = $_POST['id'];
$name = $_POST['name'];
$age = $_POST['age'];
//updata db
$sql = sprintf("update %s set name='%s',age=%d where id=%d", DB_TABLENAME, $name, $age, $id);
$result=mysql_query($sql, $conn);
mysql_close($conn);
if ($result)
echo "t";
else
echo "f";
?>
require_once 'smarty2_head.php';
//mysql_connect
$conn = mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS) or die("connect failed" . mysql_error());
mysql_select_db(DB_DATABASENAME, $conn);
//params
$id = $_POST['id'];
$name = $_POST['name'];
$age = $_POST['age'];
//updata db
$sql = sprintf("update %s set name='%s',age=%d where id=%d", DB_TABLENAME, $name, $age, $id);
$result=mysql_query($sql, $conn);
mysql_close($conn);
if ($result)
echo "t";
else
echo "f";
?>
程序运行结果如下（Win7 +IE9.0）：
本人CSS学的太菜。所以表格的布局将就点了。
摘自 MoreWindows