MySQL数据库中删除重复记录的方法总结[推荐]

表结构：
mysql> desc demo;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) unsigned | no | pri | null | auto_increment |
| site | varchar(100) | no | mul | | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

数据：
mysql> select * from demo order by id;
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 1 | http://www.codebit.cn |
| 2 | http://yitu.org |
| 3 | http://www.shuowen.org |
| 4 | http://www.codebit.cn |
| 5 | http://www.shuowen.org |
+----+------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当没有创建表或创建索引权限的时候，可以用下面的方法：

如果你要删除较旧的重复记录，可以使用下面的语句：
mysql> delete from a
-> using demo as a, demo as b
-> where (a.id > b.id)
-> and (a.site = b.site);
query ok, 2 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> select * from demo order by id;
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 1 | http://www.codebit.cn |
| 2 | http://yitu.org |
| 3 | http://www.shuowen.org |
+----+------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果你要删除较新的重复记录，可以使用下面的语句：
mysql> delete from a
-> using demo as a, demo as b
-> where (a.id < b.id)
-> and (a.site = b.site);
query ok, 2 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> select * from demo order by id;
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 2 | http://yitu.org |
| 4 | http://www.codebit.cn |
| 5 | http://www.shuowen.org |
+----+------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

你可以用下面的语句先确认将被删除的重复记录：
mysql> select a.*
-> from demo a, demo b
-> where a.id > b.id
-> and (a.site = b.site);
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 1 | http://www.codebit.cn |
| 3 | http://www.shuowen.org |
+----+------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果有创建索引的权限，可以用下面的方法：

在表上创建唯一键索引：

 
mysql> alter ignore table demo add unique index ukey (site); 
query ok, 5 rows affected (0.46 sec) 
records: 5 duplicates: 2 warnings: 0 

mysql> select * from demo order by id; 
+----+------------------------+ 
| id | site | 
+----+------------------------+ 
| 1 | http://www.codebit.cn | 
| 2 | http://yitu.org | 
| 3 | http://www.shuowen.org | 
+----+------------------------+ 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

重复记录被删除后，如果需要，可以删除索引：

 
mysql> alter table demo drop index ukey; 
query ok, 3 rows affected (0.37 sec) 
records: 3 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0 

如果有创建表的权限，可以用下面的方法：

创建一个新表，然后将原表中不重复的数据插入新表：

 
mysql> create table demo_new as select * from demo group by site; 
query ok, 3 rows affected (0.19 sec) 
records: 3 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0 

mysql> show tables; 
+----------------+ 
| tables_in_test | 
+----------------+ 
| demo | 
| demo_new | 
+----------------+ 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

mysql> select * from demo order by id; 
+----+------------------------+ 
| id | site | 
+----+------------------------+ 
| 1 | http://www.codebit.cn | 
| 2 | http://yitu.org | 
| 3 | http://www.shuowen.org | 
| 4 | http://www.codebit.cn | 
| 5 | http://www.shuowen.org | 
+----+------------------------+ 
5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

mysql> select * from demo_new order by id; 
+----+------------------------+ 
| id | site | 
+----+------------------------+ 
| 1 | http://www.codebit.cn | 
| 2 | http://yitu.org | 
| 3 | http://www.shuowen.org | 
+----+------------------------+ 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

然后将原表备份，将新表重命名为当前表：

 
mysql> rename table demo to demo_old, demo_new to demo; 
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) 

mysql> show tables; 
+----------------+ 
| tables_in_test | 
+----------------+ 
| demo | 
| demo_old | 
+----------------+ 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

mysql> select * from demo order by id; 
+----+------------------------+ 
| id | site | 
+----+------------------------+ 
| 1 | http://www.codebit.cn | 
| 2 | http://yitu.org | 
| 3 | http://www.shuowen.org | 
+----+------------------------+ 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

注意：使用这种方式创建的表会丢失原表的索引信息！

 
mysql> desc demo; 
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 
| field | type | null | key | default | extra | 
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 
| id | int(11) unsigned | no | | 0 | | 
| site | varchar(100) | no | | | | 
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

如果要保持和原表信息一致，你可以使用 show create table demo; 来查看原表的创建语句，然后使用原表的创建语句创建新表，接着使用 insert … select 语句插入数据，再重命名表即可。

当然，如果要避免重复记录，最好的办法还是不要插入重复数据，可以参考本站另外一篇文章：mysql 当记录不存在时插入