详解利用SpringCloud搭建一个最简单的微服务框架

程序员文章站 2023-12-19 22:29:52

spring cloud是一个基于spring boot实现的云应用开发工具，它为基于jvm的云应用开发中的配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、全局锁、...

spring cloud是一个基于spring boot实现的云应用开发工具，它为基于jvm的云应用开发中的配置管理、服务发现、断路器、智能路由、微代理、控制总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话和集群状态管理等操作提供了一种简单的开发方式。

spring cloud包含了多个子项目（针对分布式系统中涉及的多个不同开源产品），比如：spring cloud config、spring cloud netflix、spring cloud cloudfoundry、spring cloud aws、spring cloud security、spring cloud commons、spring cloud zookeeper、spring cloud cli等项目。

1.微服务

微服务主要包含服务注册，服务发现，服务路由，服务配置，服务熔断，服务降级等一系列的服务，而spring cloud为我们提供了个一整套的服务；

详解利用SpringCloud搭建一个最简单的微服务框架

本例子为你提供了最简单的一个服务发现例子，包含服务注册发现spingcloudeurekaserver、服务配置中心spingcloudconfserver、以及一个app应用springcloudapp

2.服务注册与发现

spingcloudeurekaserver

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
 <modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion> 
 <groupid>com.caicongyang</groupid> 
 <artifactid>spingcloudeurekaserver</artifactid> 
 <version>0.0.1-snapshot</version> 
 <parent> 
  <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 
  <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactid> 
  <version>angel.sr6</version> 
 </parent> 
 <dependencies>   
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactid> 
  </dependency> 
 </dependencies> 
 <build> 
  <plugins> 
   <plugin> 
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> 
    <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> 
   </plugin> 
  </plugins> 
 </build> 
</project>

application.java

package com.caicongyang.eureka; 
 
import org.springframework.boot.springapplication; 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication; 
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.enableeurekaserver; 
 
/** 
 * spring could eurekaserver程序主入口 
 * 
 * @author administrator 
 * 
 */ 
@springbootapplication 
@enableeurekaserver 
public class application { 
 public static void main(string[] args) { 
  springapplication.run(application.class, args); 
 } 
}

application.yml （可用properties替代）

server: 
  port: 9999 
eureka: 
  instance: 
   hostname: 127.0.0.1 
  client: 
   registerwitheureka: false 
   fetchregistry: false 
   serviceurl: 
      defaultzone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

3.服务配置（全局配置中心）

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" 
 xsi:schemalocation="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
 <modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion> 
 <groupid>com.caicongyang</groupid> 
 <artifactid>spingcloudconfserver</artifactid> 
 <version>0.0.1-snapshot</version> 
 
 <parent> 
  <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 
  <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactid> 
  <version>angel.sr6</version> 
 </parent> 
 <dependencies> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactid> 
  </dependency> 
  <!-- sping cloud 注册服务 --> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> 
  </dependency> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> 
   <scope>test</scope> 
  </dependency> 
 </dependencies> 
 
 <build> 
  <plugins> 
   <plugin> 
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> 
    <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid> 
   </plugin> 
  </plugins> 
  <defaultgoal>compile</defaultgoal> 
 </build> 
</project>

application.java

package com.caiconyang.conf; 
 
import org.springframework.boot.springapplication; 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication; 
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.enableconfigserver; 
 
/** 
 * spring could conf程序主入口 
 * @author administrator 
 * 
 */ 
@springbootapplication 
@enableconfigserver 
public class application { 
 public static void main(string[] args) {  
  springapplication.run(application.class,args);  
 }  
}

application.properties

server.port=8888 
## app配置文件所在git地址 
spring.cloud.config.server.git.uri=https://git.oschina.net/caicongyang/springcloudconfigrepo.git 
spring.cloud.config.server.git.searchpaths=repo 
spring.application.name=spingcloudconfserver

4.app

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
 <modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion> 
 <groupid>com.caicongyang</groupid> 
 <artifactid>springcloudapp</artifactid> 
 <version>0.0.1-snapshot</version> 
 
 <parent> 
  <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 
  <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactid> 
  <version>angel.sr6</version> 
 </parent> 
 <properties> 
  <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding> 
  <java.version>1.7</java.version> 
  <java.encoding>utf-8</java.encoding> 
  <springfox.swagger.version>2.2.2</springfox.swagger.version> 
 </properties> 
 <dependencies> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid> 
  </dependency> 
  <!-- sping cloud 监控 http://localhost:8080/health --> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactid> 
  </dependency> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactid> 
  </dependency> 
  <!-- sping cloud 注册服务 --> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid> 
  </dependency> 
   <!-- sping cloud 路由 --> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactid> 
  </dependency> 
 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid> 
   <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid> 
   <scope>test</scope> 
  </dependency> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>io.springfox</groupid> 
   <artifactid>springfox-swagger2</artifactid> 
   <version>${springfox.swagger.version}</version> 
  </dependency> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupid>io.springfox</groupid> 
   <artifactid>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactid> 
   <version>${springfox.swagger.version}</version> 
  </dependency> 
 </dependencies> 
  
 
 <build> 
  <finalname>spingcould</finalname> 
  <plugins> 
   <plugin> 
    <groupid>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupid> 
    <artifactid>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactid> 
    <configuration> 
     <source>${java.version}</source> 
     <target>${java.version}</target> 
     <encoding>${java.encoding}</encoding> 
     <showwarnings>true</showwarnings> 
    </configuration> 
   </plugin> 
  </plugins> 
 </build> 
 
 
</project>

application.java

package com.caicongyang.springcloudapp.main; 
 
import org.springframework.boot.springapplication; 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.enableautoconfiguration; 
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.enablediscoveryclient; 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.componentscan; 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration; 
 
/** 
 * spring could web程序主入口 
 * @author administrator 
 * 
 */ 
@configuration//配置控制 
@enableautoconfiguration//启用自动配置 
@componentscan(value={"com.caicongyang.springcloudapp"})//组件扫描 
@enablediscoveryclient 
public class application { 
 public static void main(string[] args) {  
  //第一个简单的应用，  
  springapplication.run(application.class,args);  
 }  
}

swaggerconfig.java

package com.caicongyang.springcloudapp.conf; 
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value; 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean; 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration; 
 
import springfox.documentation.service.apiinfo; 
import springfox.documentation.spi.documentationtype; 
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.docket; 
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.enableswagger2; 
 
/** 
 * 
 * @author caicongyang1 
 * @version id: swaggerconfig, v 0.1 16/4/22 下午4:12 caicongyang1 exp $$ 
 */ 
@configuration 
@enableswagger2 
public class swaggerconfig { 
 
 @value("${swagger.ui.enable}") //该配置项在配置中心管理 
 private boolean environmentspecificbooleanflag; 
  
 @bean 
 public docket docketfactory() { 
  return new docket(documentationtype.swagger_2).apiinfo( 
   new apiinfo("接口文档", "spingcloud web接口列表", "1.0", "", "", "", "")).enable(environmentspecificbooleanflag); 
 } 
}

application.properties

server.port=8080 
spring.cloud.config.uri=http://127.0.0.1:8888 
spring.cloud.config.name=springcloudapp 
spring.cloud.config.profile=${config.profile:dev} 
#service discovery url 
eureka.client.serviceurl.defaultzone=http://localhost:9999/eureka/ 
#service name 
spring.application.name=springcloudapp

5.测试与验证

顺序启动服务注册发现spingcloudeurekaserver、服务配置中心spingcloudconfserver、以及一个app应用springcloudapp

测试与验证

1.访问http://localhost:9999/eureka/ app是否已经注册上来

2.访问 http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html 是否正常访问，如果正常访问说明争取读取到config配置中心的swagger.ui.enable配置项

6.源码：以上所有源码：

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详解利用SpringCloud搭建一个最简单的微服务框架

详解利用SpringCloud搭建一个最简单的微服务框架

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