利用mysql的inet_aton()和inet_ntoa()函数存储IP地址的方法分享

mysql> create table jackbillow (ip int unsigned, name char(1));
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into jackbillow values(inet_aton('192.168.1.200'), 'a'), (inet_aton('200.100.30.241'), 'b');
query ok, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
records: 2 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0

mysql> insert into jackbillow values(inet_aton('24.89.35.27'), 'c'), (inet_aton('100.200.30.22'), 'd');
query ok, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
records: 2 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0

mysql> select * from jackbillow;
+------------+------+
| ip | name |
+------------+------+
| 3232235976 | a |
| 3362004721 | b |
| 408494875 | c |
| 1690836502 | d |
+------------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from jackbillow where ip = inet_aton('192.168.1.200');
+------------+------+
| ip | name |
+------------+------+
| 3232235976 | a |
+------------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow;
+----------------+
| inet_ntoa(ip) |
+----------------+
| 192.168.1.200 |
| 200.100.30.241 |
| 24.89.35.27 |
| 100.200.30.22 |
+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当前很多应用都适用字符串char(15)来存储ip地址（占用16个字节），利用inet_aton()和inet_ntoa()函数，来存储ip地址效率很高，适用unsigned int 就可以满足需求，不需要使用bigint，只需要4个字节，节省存储空间，同时效率也高很多。

如果ip列有索引，可以使用下面方式查询：

mysql> select inet_aton('100.200.30.22');
+----------------------------+
| inet_aton('100.200.30.22') |
+----------------------------+
| 1690836502 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from jackbillow where ip=1690836502;
+------------+------+
| ip | name |
+------------+------+
| 1690836502 | d |
+------------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip),name from jackbillow where ip=1690836502;
+---------------+------+
| inet_ntoa(ip) | name |
+---------------+------+
| 100.200.30.22 | d |
+---------------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

对于like操作，可以使用下面方式：

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow;
+----------------+
| inet_ntoa(ip) |
+----------------+
| 192.168.1.200 |
| 200.100.30.241 |
| 24.89.35.27 |
| 100.200.30.22 |
| 192.168.1.100 |
| 192.168.1.20 |
| 192.168.2.20 |
+----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_aton('192.168.1.0');
+--------------------------+
| inet_aton('192.168.1.0') |
+--------------------------+
| 3232235776 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_aton('192.168.1.255');
+----------------------------+
| inet_aton('192.168.1.255') |
+----------------------------+
| 3232236031 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow where ip between 3232235776 and 3232236031;
+---------------+
| inet_ntoa(ip) |
+---------------+
| 192.168.1.200 |
| 192.168.1.100 |
| 192.168.1.20 |
+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow where ip between inet_aton('192.168.1.0') and inet_aton('192.168.1.255');
+---------------+
| inet_ntoa(ip) |
+---------------+
| 192.168.1.200 |
| 192.168.1.100 |
| 192.168.1.20 |
+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)