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1. Oracle安装部署文档

程序员文章站 2023-12-17 13:22:04
一. 部署环境步骤 1.1 软件环境 操作系统:CentOS release 6.5oracle安装包:linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of1.zip;linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip 1.2 配置主机名 1.3 配置网络 1.4 配置系统内核参 ......

一. 部署环境步骤

1.1 软件环境

操作系统:centos release 6.5
oracle安装包:linux.x64_11gr2_database_1of1.zip;linux.x64_11gr2_database_1of2.zip

1.2 配置主机名

# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
hostname= oracle235
# 或者执行 hostname oracle235

1.3 配置网络

# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.235 oracle235

1.4 配置系统内核参数

  配置 /etc/sysctl.conf :添加如下内容:

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

  注意上述参数中,需要根据实际情况修改 kernel.shmmax 参数的值,可以直接设置为物理内存大小。
  执行命令使之生效: 

# /sbin/sysctl -p

1.5 设置 shell对oracle用户的限制

  配置 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件:增加如下内容

oracle      soft  nproc  2047
oracle      hard  nproc  16384
oracle      soft  nofile 2047
oracle      hard  nofile 65536

  接着,修改 /etc/pam.d/login,在文件最后添加如下内容:

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

  最后,修改 /etc/profile,在文件最后添加如下内容

if [ $user = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $shell = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
       ulimit -p 16384
       ulimit -n 65536
    else
       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

  所有修改完毕,重启所有 linux 系统

1.6 创建grid/oracle用户和组

# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
# /usr/sbin/groupadd oper
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -g dba,oper oracle
# passwd oracle

  创建 oracle 软件安装目录

# mkdir -p /u01/orainventory
# chown -r oracle:oinstall /u01/
# chmod -r 775 /u01/

  配置 oracle 用户的环境变量

export oracle_base=/u01/app
export oracle_home=$oracle_base/oracle
export oracle_sid=orcl
export path=$path:$home/bin:$oracle_home/bin
export nls_lang=american_america.utf8
export ld_library_path=$oracle_home/lib:$ld_library_path
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

1.7 安装 oracle 安装包的依赖

binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
compat-libcap1
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2 
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2
unixodbc-2.2.11
unixodbc-devel-2.2.11

  执行命令 查看是否遗漏包;

rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libcap1 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-devel

  安装依赖包

yum install -y binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libcap1 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-devel

二. 用xshell打开图形界面

  可以采用 vnc 或者 xshell 软件登录 linux 界面去安装 oracle grid infrastructure 软件。本例采用 xshell 软件

2.1 安装与下载图形界面gnome

yum groupinstall "desktop"
yum groupinstall "x window system"

2.2 修改 /etc/gdm/custom.conf

[daemon]
[security]
allowremoteroot=true  
[xdmcp]
port=177
enable=true    
[gui]
[greeter]
[chooser]
[debug]

2.3 启动xshell工具

1. Oracle安装部署文档

 

三. 安装oracle数据库图解

3.1 安装 oracle 软件

  进入 linux 桌面;打开终端;用 oracle 用户登录。进入 oracle 安装包目录;执行命令

./runinstaller

  下面是每一步都图解演示:点击 next 按钮

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  跳过软件更新;点击next按钮

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  选择只安装数据库软件

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  选择单实例安装

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  选择languages

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  选择"enterprise edition"

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  选择oracle软件安装路径

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  安装前环境监测

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  安装oracle软件

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  接下来的时间慢慢等待 oracle 软件安装;在安装过程中要用 root 用户执行两个脚本;如下截图

1. Oracle安装部署文档

3.2 配置oracle数据库

  oracle服务器软件已经安装完成;接下来需要配置oracle数据库;在终端下执行命令

dbca

  执行dbca之后;会弹出数据库配置助手;如下图所示:

 

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  跳过软件更新;点击 next 按钮

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  选择定制;可以根据业务定制

1. Oracle安装部署文档

1. Oracle安装部署文档

1. Oracle安装部署文档

1. Oracle安装部署文档

1. Oracle安装部署文档

1. Oracle安装部署文档

1. Oracle安装部署文档

1. Oracle安装部署文档

1. Oracle安装部署文档

  经过漫长的等待;oracle安装就完成

四. oracle网络配置

  数据库启动之后,要想提供对外服务。还需要配置 oracle 的监听器配置文件 listener.ora(可以使用 netca 命令创建);而远程客户端则需要配置 tnsnames.ora 文件。与服务器建立网络连接。

4.1 服务器监听文件 listener.ora

  我们先看下数据库sid和service_name。 

sql> show parameter instance_name;
name            type       value
--------------  ---------  ---------------
service_names   string     ora235
sql> alter system set service_names='lottu' scope=both;
system altered.
sql> show parameter service_name;
name            type       value
--------------  ---------  ---------------
service_names   string     lottu

  一般 oracle 的实例名跟 service_name 是一致的

  在目录 $oracle_home/network/admin/ 目录下;配置监听文件 listener.ora

listener =
  (description_list =
    (description =
       (address_list =(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.1.235)(port = 1521)(ip = first)))
       (address_list =
         (address = (protocol = ipc)(key = extproc))
       )
     )
  )

sid_list_listener =
  (sid_list =
   (sid_desc =
     (sid_name = ora235)
     (global_dbname = lottu)
     (oracle_home =/u01/app/oracle)
   )
  )

  再启动监听

lsnrctl start

4.2 客户端网络服务文件 tnsnames.ora

  在客户端的 $oracle_home/network/admin/ 目录下;配置如下:

t235=
  (description =
      (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.1.235)(port = 1521))
    (connect_data =
      (sid = ora235)
    )
 (hs = ok)
  )
# 或者用 (service_name = lottu) 替换 (sid = ora235)

  测试是否配置ok?

[oracle@oracle235 admin]$ tnsping t235

tns ping utility for linux: version 11.2.0.4.0 - production on 03-aug-2018 23:48:59

copyright (c) 1997, 2013, oracle.  all rights reserved.

used parameter files:


used tnsnames adapter to resolve the alias
attempting to contact (description = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.1.235)(port = 1521)) (connect_data = (sid = ora235)) (hs = ok))
ok (0 msec)

  这样就可以通过客户端连接 oracle 服务器

五. oracle开机自启动

  默认 oracle 数据库是不会随着机器重启或者开机启动 oracle 服务。

5.1 修改oracle系统配置文件

  用 root 用户修改文件 /etc/oratab ;将 n 改成 y;本例如下

$oracle_sid:$oracle_home:<n|y>:
ora235:/u01/app/oracle:y

5.2 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle

#!/bin/bash
#chkconfig:345 61 61 
#description:oracle
#
# set ora_home to be equivalent to the $oracle_home
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# set ora_owner to the user id of the owner of the
# oracle database in ora_home.
ora_home=/u01/app/oracle
ora_owner=oracle
if [ ! -f $ora_home/bin/dbstart ]
 then
 echo "oracle startup: cannot start"
 exit
fi
case "$1" in 
'start')
# start the oracle databases:
echo "starting oracle databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %t %a %d : starting oracle databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ora_owner -c "$ora_home/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "done"

# start the listener:
echo "starting oracle listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %t %a %d : starting oracle listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ora_owner -c "$ora_home/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "done."
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %t %a %d : finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;

'stop')
# stop the oracle listener:
echo "stoping oracle listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %t %a %d : stoping oracle listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ora_owner -c "$ora_home/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle

# stop the oracle database:
echo "stoping oracle databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %t %a %d : stoping oracle databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ora_owner -c "$ora_home/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "done."
echo ""
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %t %a %d : finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
;;

'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac

5.3 添加服务

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/k01oracle
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/k01oracle

5.4 测试启动和关闭 oracle

[root@oracle235 ~]# service oracle stop
stoping oracle listeners ... 
done.
stoping oracle databases ... 
done.

[root@oracle235 ~]# service oracle start
starting oracle databases ... 
done
starting oracle listeners ... 
done.

  本课程总共有 12 课;是给公司员工培训所编辑。未完待续...

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