基于Java ORM框架的使用详解

orm框架不是一个新话题，它已经流传了很多年。它的优点在于提供了概念性的、易于理解的数据模型，将数据库中的表和内存中的对象建立了很好的映射关系。
我们在这里主要关注java中常用的两个orm框架：hibernate和ibatis。下面来介绍这两个框架简单的使用方法，如果将来有时间，我会深入的写一些更有意思的相关文章。
hibernate
hibernate是一个持久化框架和orm框架，持久化和orm是两个有区别的概念，持久化注重对象的存储方法是否随着程序的退出而消亡，orm关注的是如何在数据库表和内存对象之间建立关联。
hibernate使用pojo来表示model，使用xml配置文件来配置对象和表之间的关系，它提供了一系列api来通过对对象的操作而改变数据库中的过程。
hibernate更强调如何对单条记录进行操作，对于更复杂的操作，它提供了一种新的面向对象的查询语言：hql。
我们先来定义一个关于hibernate中session管理的类，这里的session类似于jdbc中的connection。

hibernate的session管理类
 public class hibernatesessionmanager {

     private static sessionfactory sessionfactory;

     static
     {
         try
         {
             sessionfactory = new configuration().configure("sample/orm/hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml").buildsessionfactory();
         }
         catch(exception ex)
         {
             ex.printstacktrace();
         }
     }

     public static final threadlocal tl = new threadlocal();

     public static session currentsession()
     {
         session s = (session)tl.get();
         if (s == null)
         {
             s = sessionfactory.opensession();
             tl.set(s);
         }

         return s;
     }

     public static void closesession()
     {
         session s = (session)tl.get();
         tl.set(null);
         if (s != null)
         {
             s.close();
         }
     }
 }

基于单张表进行操作
下面我们来看一个简单的示例，它沿用了<基于java回顾之jdbc的使用详解>中的数据库，使用mysql的test数据库中的user表。
首先，我们来定义vo对象：

定义user对象
 public class user implements serializable
 {
     private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;
     private int userid;
     private string username;
     public void setuserid(int userid) {
         this.userid = userid;
     }
     public int getuserid() {
         return userid;
     }
     public void setusername(string username) {
         this.username = username;
     }
     public string getusername() {
         return username;
     }
 }

然后，我们定义user对象和数据库中user表之间的关联，user表中只有两列：id和name。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!doctype hibernate-mapping public "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en"
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

 <hibernate-mapping>
     <class name="sample.orm.hibernate.user" table="user" catalog="test">
         <id name="userid" type="java.lang.integer">
             <column name="id" />
             <generator class="assigned" />
         </id>
         <property name="username" type="java.lang.string">
             <column name="name" />
         </property>
     </class>
 </hibernate-mapping>

将上述内容存储为user.hbm.xml。
接下来，我们需要定义一个关于hibernate的全局配置文件，这里文件名是hibernate.cfg.xml。

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
 <!doctype hibernate-configuration public
           "-//hibernate/hibernate configuration dtd 3.0//en"
           "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

 <hibernate-configuration>
     <session-factory>
         <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.driver</property>
         <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/test</property>
         <property name="connection.username">root</property>
         <property name="connection.password">123</property>   
         <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.mysqldialect</property>
         <property name="show_sql">true</property>
         <property name="jdbc.fetch_size">50</property>
         <property name="jdbc.batch_size">25</property>

         <mapping resource="sample/orm/hibernate/user.hbm.xml" />       
     </session-factory>
 </hibernate-configuration>

可以看到，上述配置文件中包含了数据库连接的信息，诸如driver信息、数据库url、用户名、密码等等，还包括了我们上面定义的user.hbm.xml。
最后，我们编写测试代码，来对user表进行增、删、查、改的操作：

使用hibernate对user表进行操作
 private static void getuser(int id)
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     system.out.println("=====query test=====");
     user user = (user)session.get(user.class, new integer(id));
     if (user != null)
     {
         system.out.println("id:" + user.getuserid() + "; name:" + user.getusername());
     }
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
 }

 private static void insertuser()
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     system.out.println("=====insert test=====");
     transaction transaction = session.begintransaction();
     user user = new user();
     user.setuserid(6);
     user.setusername("zhang fei");
     session.save(user);
     session.flush();
     transaction.commit();
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
     getuser(6);
 }

 private static void updateuser(int id)
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     system.out.println("=====update test=====");
     transaction transaction = session.begintransaction();
     user user = (user)session.get(user.class, new integer(id));
     system.out.println("=====before update=====");
     if (user != null)
     {
         system.out.println("id:" + user.getuserid() + "; name:" + user.getusername());
     }
     user.setusername("devil");
     session.save(user);
     session.flush();
     transaction.commit();
     user = (user)session.get(user.class, new integer(id));
     system.out.println("=====after update=====");
     if (user != null)
     {
         system.out.println("id:" + user.getuserid() + "; name:" + user.getusername());
     }
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
 }

 private static void deleteuser(int id)
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     system.out.println("=====delete test=====");
     transaction transaction = session.begintransaction();
     user user = (user)session.get(user.class, new integer(id));
     system.out.println("=====before delte=====");
     if (user != null)
     {
         system.out.println("id:" + user.getuserid() + "; name:" + user.getusername());
     }
     session.delete(user);
     transaction.commit();
     user = (user)session.get(user.class, new integer(id));
     system.out.println("=====after update=====");
     if (user != null)
     {
         system.out.println("id:" + user.getuserid() + "; name:" + user.getusername());
     }
     else
     {
         system.out.println("delete successfully.");
     }
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
 }

我们按照如下顺序调用测试代码：

insertuser();
updateuser(6);
deleteuser(6);

可以看到如下结果：

=====insert test=====
hibernate: insert into test.user (name, id) values (?, ?)
=====query test=====
hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from test.user user0_ where user0_.id=?
id:6; name:zhang fei
=====update test=====
hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from test.user user0_ where user0_.id=?
=====before update=====
id:6; name:zhang fei
hibernate: update test.user set name=? where id=?
=====after update=====
id:6; name:devil
=====delete test=====
hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from test.user user0_ where user0_.id=?
=====before delte=====
id:6; name:devil
hibernate: delete from test.user where id=?
hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from test.user user0_ where user0_.id=?
=====after delete=====
delete successfully.

请注意，上面的结果中，输出了每次数据库操作时的sql语句，这是因为在配置文件中有如下配置：

<property name="show_sql">true</property>

我们可以在开发调试阶段将其打开，在部署到客户方时，将其关闭。
基于多表关联的操作
hibernate在建立多表关联时，根据主外键的设置，表之间的关联可以分为三种：一对一、一对多和多对多。这些关联会体现在表的配置文件以及vo中。
下面我们来看一个经典的多表关联示例：排课表。数据库中建立如下四张表：grade/class/classroom/schedule。刚发现，使用mysql自带的管理器导出表定义基本是一件不可能的任务。。。。
上述各表除id以及必要外键外，只有name一列。
然后看各个vo的定义：

定义grade对象
 package sample.orm.hibernate;

 import java.io.serializable;
 import java.util.set;

 public class grade implements serializable
 {
     private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;
     private int gradeid;
     private string gradename;
     private set classes;
     public void setgradeid(int gradeid) {
         this.gradeid = gradeid;
     }
     public int getgradeid() {
         return gradeid;
     }
     public void setgradename(string gradename) {
         this.gradename = gradename;
     }
     public string getgradename() {
         return gradename;
     }
     public void setclasses(set classes) {
         this.classes = classes;
     }
     public set getclasses() {
         return classes;
     }
 }

定义class对象
 package sample.orm.hibernate;

 import java.io.serializable;
 import java.util.set;

 public class class implements serializable
 {
     private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;
     private int classid;
     private grade grade;
     private set classrooms;
     private string classname;
     public void setclassid(int classid) {
         this.classid = classid;
     }
     public int getclassid() {
         return classid;
     }
     public void setclassname(string classname) {
         this.classname = classname;
     }
     public string getclassname() {
         return classname;
     }
     public void setgrade(grade grade) {
         this.grade = grade;
     }
     public grade getgrade() {
         return grade;
     }
     public void setclassrooms(set classrooms) {
         this.classrooms = classrooms;
     }
     public set getclassrooms() {
         return classrooms;
     }
 }

定义classroom对象
 package sample.orm.hibernate;

 import java.io.serializable;
 import java.util.set;

 public class classroom implements serializable
 {
     private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;
     private int classroomid;
     private string classroomname;
     private set classes;
     public void setclassroomid(int classroomid) {
         this.classroomid = classroomid;
     }
     public int getclassroomid() {
         return classroomid;
     }
     public void setclassroomname(string classroomname) {
         this.classroomname = classroomname;
     }
     public string getclassroomname() {
         return classroomname;
     }
     public void setclasses(set classes) {
         this.classes = classes;
     }
     public set getclasses() {
         return classes;
     }
 }

定义schedule对象
 package sample.orm.hibernate;

 import java.io.serializable;
 import java.util.set;

 public class schedule implements serializable
 {
     private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;
     private int scheduleid;
     private int classroomid;
     private int classid;
     private set classes;
     public void setclassroomid(int classroomid) {
         this.classroomid = classroomid;
     }
     public int getclassroomid() {
         return classroomid;
     }
     public void setclassid(int classid) {
         this.classid = classid;
     }
     public int getclassid() {
         return classid;
     }
     public void setclasses(set classes) {
         this.classes = classes;
     }
     public set getclasses() {
         return classes;
     }
     public void setscheduleid(int scheduleid) {
         this.scheduleid = scheduleid;
     }
     public int getscheduleid() {
         return scheduleid;
     }
 }

接着是各个表的关联配置文件：
1）grade.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!doctype hibernate-mapping public "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en"
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

 <hibernate-mapping>
     <class name="sample.orm.hibernate.grade" table="grade" catalog="test">
         <id name="gradeid" type="java.lang.integer">
             <column name="gradeid" />
             <generator class="assigned" />
         </id>
         <property name="gradename" type="java.lang.string">
             <column name="gradename" />
         </property>

         <set name="classes" lazy="true" inverse="true" cascade="all-delete-orphan">
             <key>
                 <column name="gradeid"/>
             </key>
             <one-to-many class="sample.orm.hibernate.class"/>
         </set>
     </class>
 </hibernate-mapping>

注意上面的<set>配置，里面的<one-to-many>节点说明了grade和class之间一对多的关系。
2）class.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!doctype hibernate-mapping public "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en"
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

 <hibernate-mapping>
     <class name="sample.orm.hibernate.class" table="class" catalog="test">
         <id name="classid" type="java.lang.integer">
             <column name="classid" />
             <generator class="assigned" />
         </id>
         <property name="classname" type="java.lang.string">
             <column name="classname" />
         </property>

         <many-to-one name="grade" class="sample.orm.hibernate.grade" lazy="proxy" not-null="true">
             <column name="gradeid"/>
         </many-to-one>

         <set name="classrooms" lazy="true" inverse="true" cascade="all-delete-orphan" table="schedule">
             <key column ="classid"/>
             <many-to-many class="sample.orm.hibernate.classroom" column="classroomid"/>
         </set>
     </class>
 </hibernate-mapping>

注意它定义两个关联：一个是和grade之间多对一的关系，一个适合classroom之间多对多的关系。
3）classroom.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!doctype hibernate-mapping public "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en"
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

 <hibernate-mapping>
     <class name="sample.orm.hibernate.classroom" table="classroom" catalog="test">
         <id name="classroomid" type="java.lang.integer">
             <column name="classroomid" />
             <generator class="assigned" />
         </id>
         <property name="classroomname" type="java.lang.string">
             <column name="classroomname" />
         </property>

         <set name="classes" lazy="true" inverse="true" cascade="all-delete-orphan" table="schedule">
             <key column="classroomid"/>
             <many-to-many class="sample.orm.hibernate.class" column="classid"/>
         </set>
     </class>
 </hibernate-mapping>

它只定义了一个关联：和class之间的多对多关联。
4）schedule.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!doctype hibernate-mapping public "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en"
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

 <hibernate-mapping>
     <class name="sample.orm.hibernate.schedule" table="schedule" catalog="test">
         <id name="scheduleid" type="java.lang.integer">
             <column name="scheduleid" />
             <generator class="assigned" />
         </id>
         <property name="classid" type="java.lang.integer">
             <column name="classid" />
         </property>
         <property name="classroomid" type="java.lang.integer">
             <column name="classroomid" />
         </property>
     </class>
 </hibernate-mapping>

这里就不需要再定义关联了。
我们需要在hibernate全局配置文件中添加如下内容：

<mapping resource="sample/orm/hibernate/grade.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="sample/orm/hibernate/class.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="sample/orm/hibernate/classroom.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="sample/orm/hibernate/schedule.hbm.xml" />

下面是各种测试方法，在有关联的情况下，hibernate提供了下面几个特性：
•延迟加载
•级联添加
•级联修改
•级联删除

多表关联情况下的一些测试方法
 private static void getclass(int gradeid)
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     system.out.println("=====get class info=====");
     transaction transaction = session.begintransaction();
     grade grade = (grade)session.get(grade.class, new integer(gradeid));

     hibernate.initialize(grade);
     iterator iterator = grade.getclasses().iterator();
     system.out.println("年级：" + grade.getgradename() + "包括以下班级：");
     while(iterator.hasnext())
     {
         system.out.println(grade.getgradename() + ((class)iterator.next()).getclassname());
     }
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
 }

 private static void getschedule(int gradeid)
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     transaction transaction = session.begintransaction();
     grade grade = (grade)session.get(grade.class, new integer(gradeid));
     if (grade != null)
     {
         system.out.println("id:" + grade.getgradeid() + "; name:" + grade.getgradename());
     }

     hibernate.initialize(grade.getclasses());

     iterator iterator = grade.getclasses().iterator();
     while(iterator.hasnext())
     {
         class c = (class)iterator.next();
         system.out.println(grade.getgradename() + c.getclassname() + "使用以下教室：");
         hibernate.initialize(c.getclassrooms());
         iterator iterator1 = c.getclassrooms().iterator();
         while(iterator1.hasnext())
         {
             system.out.println(((classroom)iterator1.next()).getclassroomname());
         }
     }
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
 }

 private static void insertgrade()
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     transaction transaction = session.begintransaction();
     grade grade = new grade();
     grade.setgradeid(4);
     grade.setgradename("四年级");

     class c1 = new class();
     c1.setclassid(7);
     c1.setgrade(grade);
     c1.setclassname("一班");
     class c2 = new class();
     c2.setclassid(8);
     c2.setgrade(grade);
     c2.setclassname("二班");

     set set = new hashset();
     set.add(c1);
     set.add(c2);

     grade.setclasses(set);

     session.save(grade);
     session.flush();
     transaction.commit();
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
     getclass(4);
 }

 private static void deletegrade(int gradeid)
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     transaction transaction = session.begintransaction();
     grade grade = (grade)session.get(grade.class, new integer(gradeid));
     if (grade != null)
     {
         session.delete(grade);
         session.flush();
     }

     transaction.commit();

     grade = (grade)session.get(grade.class, new integer(gradeid));
     if (grade == null)
     {
         system.out.println("删除成功");
     }
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
 }

 private static void updategrade1(int gradeid)
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     transaction transaction = session.begintransaction();
     grade grade = (grade)session.get(grade.class, new integer(gradeid));
     if (grade != null)
     {
         system.out.println("id:" + grade.getgradeid() + "; name:" + grade.getgradename());
     }
     grade.setgradename("grade " + gradeid);
     session.save(grade);
     session.flush();
     transaction.commit();
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
     getclass(gradeid);
 }

 private static void updategrade2(int gradeid)
 {
     session session = hibernatesessionmanager.currentsession();
     transaction transaction = session.begintransaction();
     grade grade = (grade)session.get(grade.class, new integer(gradeid));
     if (grade != null)
     {
         system.out.println("id:" + grade.getgradeid() + "; name:" + grade.getgradename());
     }

     grade newgrade = new grade();
     newgrade.setgradeid(10);
     newgrade.setgradename(grade.getgradename());
     set set = grade.getclasses();
     set newset = new hashset();
     iterator iterator = set.iterator();
     while(iterator.hasnext())
     {
         class c = (class)iterator.next();
         class temp = new class();
         temp.setclassid(c.getclassid());
         temp.setclassname(c.getclassname());
         temp.setgrade(newgrade);
         newset.add(temp);
     }
     newgrade.setclasses(newset);
     session.delete(grade);
     session.flush();
     session.save(newgrade);
     session.flush();
     transaction.commit();
     grade = (grade)session.get(grade.class, new integer(gradeid));
     if (grade == null)
     {
         system.out.println("删除成功");
     }
     hibernatesessionmanager.closesession();
     getclass(10);
 }

按顺序调用上面的方法：

getclass(1);
 getschedule(1);
 insertgrade();
 updategrade1(4);
 updategrade2(4);
 deletegrade(10);

执行结果如下：

=====get class info=====
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
hibernate: select classes0_.gradeid as gradeid1_, classes0_.classid as classid1_, classes0_.classid as classid0_, classes0_.classname as classname2_0_, classes0_.gradeid as gradeid2_0_ from test.class classes0_ where classes0_.gradeid=?
年级：一年级包括以下班级：
一年级二班
一年级一班
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
id:1; name:一年级
hibernate: select classes0_.gradeid as gradeid1_, classes0_.classid as classid1_, classes0_.classid as classid0_, classes0_.classname as classname2_0_, classes0_.gradeid as gradeid2_0_ from test.class classes0_ where classes0_.gradeid=?
一年级一班使用以下教室：
hibernate: select classrooms0_.classid as classid1_, classrooms0_.classroomid as classroo2_1_, classroom1_.classroomid as classroo1_0_, classroom1_.classroomname as classroo2_4_0_ from schedule classrooms0_ inner join test.classroom classroom1_ on classrooms0_.classroomid=classroom1_.classroomid where classrooms0_.classid=?
教室二
教室五
教室一
一年级二班使用以下教室：
hibernate: select classrooms0_.classid as classid1_, classrooms0_.classroomid as classroo2_1_, classroom1_.classroomid as classroo1_0_, classroom1_.classroomname as classroo2_4_0_ from schedule classrooms0_ inner join test.classroom classroom1_ on classrooms0_.classroomid=classroom1_.classroomid where classrooms0_.classid=?
教室四
教室二
教室六
hibernate: select class_.classid, class_.classname as classname2_, class_.gradeid as gradeid2_ from test.class class_ where class_.classid=?
hibernate: select class_.classid, class_.classname as classname2_, class_.gradeid as gradeid2_ from test.class class_ where class_.classid=?
hibernate: insert into test.grade (gradename, gradeid) values (?, ?)
hibernate: insert into test.class (classname, gradeid, classid) values (?, ?, ?)
hibernate: insert into test.class (classname, gradeid, classid) values (?, ?, ?)
=====get class info=====
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
hibernate: select classes0_.gradeid as gradeid1_, classes0_.classid as classid1_, classes0_.classid as classid0_, classes0_.classname as classname2_0_, classes0_.gradeid as gradeid2_0_ from test.class classes0_ where classes0_.gradeid=?
年级：四年级包括以下班级：
四年级二班
四年级一班
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
id:4; name:四年级
hibernate: update test.grade set gradename=? where gradeid=?
=====get class info=====
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
hibernate: select classes0_.gradeid as gradeid1_, classes0_.classid as classid1_, classes0_.classid as classid0_, classes0_.classname as classname2_0_, classes0_.gradeid as gradeid2_0_ from test.class classes0_ where classes0_.gradeid=?
年级：grade 4包括以下班级：
grade 4二班
grade 4一班
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
id:4; name:grade 4
hibernate: select classes0_.gradeid as gradeid1_, classes0_.classid as classid1_, classes0_.classid as classid0_, classes0_.classname as classname2_0_, classes0_.gradeid as gradeid2_0_ from test.class classes0_ where classes0_.gradeid=?
hibernate: select classrooms0_.classid as classid1_, classrooms0_.classroomid as classroo2_1_, classroom1_.classroomid as classroo1_0_, classroom1_.classroomname as classroo2_4_0_ from schedule classrooms0_ inner join test.classroom classroom1_ on classrooms0_.classroomid=classroom1_.classroomid where classrooms0_.classid=?
hibernate: select classrooms0_.classid as classid1_, classrooms0_.classroomid as classroo2_1_, classroom1_.classroomid as classroo1_0_, classroom1_.classroomname as classroo2_4_0_ from schedule classrooms0_ inner join test.classroom classroom1_ on classrooms0_.classroomid=classroom1_.classroomid where classrooms0_.classid=?
hibernate: delete from test.class where classid=?
hibernate: delete from test.class where classid=?
hibernate: delete from test.grade where gradeid=?
hibernate: select class_.classid, class_.classname as classname2_, class_.gradeid as gradeid2_ from test.class class_ where class_.classid=?
hibernate: select class_.classid, class_.classname as classname2_, class_.gradeid as gradeid2_ from test.class class_ where class_.classid=?
hibernate: insert into test.grade (gradename, gradeid) values (?, ?)
hibernate: insert into test.class (classname, gradeid, classid) values (?, ?, ?)
hibernate: insert into test.class (classname, gradeid, classid) values (?, ?, ?)
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
删除成功
=====get class info=====
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
hibernate: select classes0_.gradeid as gradeid1_, classes0_.classid as classid1_, classes0_.classid as classid0_, classes0_.classname as classname2_0_, classes0_.gradeid as gradeid2_0_ from test.class classes0_ where classes0_.gradeid=?
年级：grade 4包括以下班级：
grade 4一班
grade 4二班
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
hibernate: select classes0_.gradeid as gradeid1_, classes0_.classid as classid1_, classes0_.classid as classid0_, classes0_.classname as classname2_0_, classes0_.gradeid as gradeid2_0_ from test.class classes0_ where classes0_.gradeid=?
hibernate: select classrooms0_.classid as classid1_, classrooms0_.classroomid as classroo2_1_, classroom1_.classroomid as classroo1_0_, classroom1_.classroomname as classroo2_4_0_ from schedule classrooms0_ inner join test.classroom classroom1_ on classrooms0_.classroomid=classroom1_.classroomid where classrooms0_.classid=?
hibernate: select classrooms0_.classid as classid1_, classrooms0_.classroomid as classroo2_1_, classroom1_.classroomid as classroo1_0_, classroom1_.classroomname as classroo2_4_0_ from schedule classrooms0_ inner join test.classroom classroom1_ on classrooms0_.classroomid=classroom1_.classroomid where classrooms0_.classid=?
hibernate: delete from test.class where classid=?
hibernate: delete from test.class where classid=?
hibernate: delete from test.grade where gradeid=?
hibernate: select grade0_.gradeid as gradeid0_, grade0_.gradename as gradename1_0_ from test.grade grade0_ where grade0_.gradeid=?
删除成功

同样，执行结果中包含了各个sql语句。
ibatis
ibatis是另外一种orm框架，和hibernate擅长操作单条记录不同，ibatis是基于sql模板的，可以说，ibatis每次和数据库进行操作时，都有明确的sql语句，而这些sql语句，就是我们定义在配置文件中的。
我们还是以test数据库中的user表为例，简单说明ibatis的操作流程：
首先，我们还是需要定义vo对象，这里还是使用和hibernate讲解时相同的user：

定义user对象
 package sample.orm.ibatis;

 import java.io.serializable;

 public class user implements serializable
 {
     private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;
     private int userid;
     private string username;
     public void setuserid(int userid) {
         this.userid = userid;
     }
     public int getuserid() {
         return userid;
     }
     public void setusername(string username) {
         this.username = username;
     }
     public string getusername() {
         return username;
     }

 }

然后需要针对这个vo，定义一个独立的配置文件：user.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!doctype sqlmap
     public "-//ibatis.com//dtd sql map 2.0//en"
     "http://www.ibatis.com/dtd/sql-map-2.dtd">

 <sqlmap namespace="user">

     <typealias alias="user" type="sample.orm.ibatis.user" />

    
     <cachemodel id="user-cache" type="oscache" readonly="true" serialize="true">
         <flushinterval milliseconds="1" />
         <flushonexecute statement="insertuser" />
         <flushonexecute statement="updateuser" />
         <flushonexecute statement="getuser" />
         <flushonexecute statement="getalluser" />
         <property value="1" name="size" />
      </cachemodel>

     <!--
     <resultmap >
         <result property="userid" column="id" />
         <result property="username" column="name" />
     </resultmap>
     -->

    
     <select id="getuser" parameterclass="java.lang.integer" resultclass="user" cachemodel="user-cache" >
         select id as userid,name as username from user where id = #userid#
     </select>
     <select id="getalluser" resultclass="user" cachemodel="user-cache">
         select id as userid,name as username from user
     </select>
     <update id="updateuser" parameterclass="user">
         update user set name=#username# where id = #userid#
     </update>
     <insert id="insertuser" parameterclass="user">
         insert into user ( id, name ) values ( #userid#,#username#)
     </insert>
     <delete id="deleteuser" parameterclass="java.lang.integer">
         delete from user where id=#userid#
     </delete>

 </sqlmap>

这个配置文件主要包括三部分：
1）缓存的配置
2）对象属性和表字段之间的关联
3）针对表的各种crud操作
然后是关于ibatis的全局配置文件sqlmapconfig.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!doctype sqlmapconfig
     public "-//ibatis.com//dtd sql map config 2.0//en"
     "http://www.ibatis.com/dtd/sql-map-config-2.dtd">

 <sqlmapconfig>

     <settings cachemodelsenabled="true" enhancementenabled="true"
         lazyloadingenabled="true" errortracingenabled="true" maxrequests="32"
         maxsessions="10" maxtransactions="5" usestatementnamespaces="false" />

     <transactionmanager type="jdbc">
         <datasource type="simple">
            <property name="jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.driver" />
            <property name="jdbc.connectionurl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test" />
            <property name="jdbc.username" value="root" />
            <property name="jdbc.password" value="123" />
            <property name="pool.maximumactiveconnections" value="10" />
            <property name="pool.maximumidleconnections" value="5" />
            <property name="pool.maximumcheckouttime" value="120000" />
            <property name="pool.timetowait" value="500" />
            <property name="pool.pingquery" value="select 1 from user" />
            <property name="pool.pingenabled" value="false" />
         </datasource>
     </transactionmanager>

     <sqlmap resource="sample/orm/ibatis/user.xml" />

 </sqlmapconfig>

和hibernate全局配置文件类似，它也包含了数据库连接的信息、数据库连接池的信息以及我们定义的user.xml。
下面是测试方法：

ibatis测试方法
 public class sample {

     private sqlmapclient sqlmap = null;

     private void buildmap() throws ioexception
     {
         string resource = "sample/orm/ibatis/sqlmapconfig.xml";         
         reader reader = resources.getresourceasreader(resource);
         this.sqlmap = sqlmapclientbuilder.buildsqlmapclient(reader);
     }

     private void insertuser() throws ioexception, sqlexception
     {
         system.out.println("=====insert test=====");
         if (this.sqlmap == null)
         {
             this.buildmap();
         }
         this.sqlmap.starttransaction();
         user user = new user();
         user.setuserid(10);
         user.setusername("angel");

         this.sqlmap.insert("insertuser", user);
         this.sqlmap.committransaction();

         user = getuser(10);
         printuserinfo(user);
     }

     private void updateuser() throws ioexception, sqlexception, interruptedexception
     {
         system.out.println("=====update test=====");
         if (this.sqlmap == null)
         {
             this.buildmap();
         }
         this.sqlmap.starttransaction();
         user user = new user();
         user.setuserid(10);
         user.setusername("devil");
         this.sqlmap.update("updateuser", user);
         this.sqlmap.committransaction();
         this.sqlmap.flushdatacache();
 //        thread.sleep(3000);
         user = getuser(10);
         printuserinfo(user);
     }

     private void deleteuser() throws ioexception, sqlexception
     {
         system.out.println("=====delete test=====");
         if (this.sqlmap == null)
         {
             this.buildmap();
         }
         sqlmap.flushdatacache();
         this.sqlmap.starttransaction();
         this.sqlmap.delete("deleteuser", 10);
         this.sqlmap.committransaction();
         getalluser();
     }

     private user getuser(int id) throws ioexception, sqlexception
     {
         if (this.sqlmap == null)
         {
             this.buildmap();
         }
         user user = (user)this.sqlmap.opensession().queryforobject("getuser", id);

         return user;
     }

      private list<user> getalluser() throws ioexception, sqlexception
      {
             if(this.sqlmap==null)
                this.buildmap();

          list userlist=null; 
          userlist=this.sqlmap.opensession().queryforlist("getalluser");
          printuserinfo(userlist);
          return userlist;
      }

      private void printuserinfo(user user)
      {
          system.out.println("=====user info=====");
          system.out.println("id:" + user.getuserid() + ";name:" + user.getusername());
      }

      private void printuserinfo(list<user> users)
      {
          system.out.println("=====user info=====");
          for(user user:users)
          {
              system.out.println("id:" + user.getuserid() + ";name:" + user.getusername());
          }
      }

      public static void main(string[] args) throws ioexception, sqlexception, interruptedexception
      {
          sample sample = new sample();
          sample.getalluser();
          sample.insertuser();
          sample.updateuser();
          sample.deleteuser();
      }
 }

它的执行结果如下：

=====user info=====
id:1;name:zhang san
id:2;name:test
=====insert test=====
=====user info=====
id:10;name:angel
=====update test=====
=====user info=====
id:10;name:devil
=====delete test=====
=====user info=====
id:1;name:zhang san
id:2;name:test

这篇文章只是简单介绍了hibernate和ibatis的用法，并没有涉及全部，例如hibernate的事务、拦截、hql、ibatis的缓存等等。这里主要是为了描述orm框架的基本轮廓，以及在使用方式上它和jdbc的区别。