详解Android MacAddress 适配心得

android 6.0以下mac地址获取

我们获取mac地址一般都是这样写的：

 /**
   * 根据wifi信息获取本地mac
   * @param context
   * @return
   */
  public static string getlocalmacaddressfromwifiinfo(context context){
    wifimanager wifi = (wifimanager) context.getsystemservice(context.wifi_service);
    wifiinfo winfo = wifi.getconnectioninfo();
    string mac = winfo.getmacaddress();
    return mac;
  }

android 6.0及以上、7.0以下

android 6.0以后 将不再能通过 wifimanager 获取mac，获取到的mac将是固定的：02:00:00:00:00:00 。

然而我开发的sdk就是通过wifimanager获取的mac。

android sdk后来做了6.0适配，通过cat /sys/class/net/wlan0/address，可以在6.0上获取mac地址。

 /**
   * 获取mac地址
   * @param context
   * @return
   */
  public static  string getmacaddress(context context){

    //如果是6.0以下，直接通过wifimanager获取
    if(build.version.sdk_int<build.version_codes.m){
      string macaddress0 = getmacaddress0(context);
      if(!textutils.isempty(macaddress0)){
        return macaddress0;
      }
    }

    string str="";
    string macserial="";
    try {
      process pp = runtime.getruntime().exec(
          "cat /sys/class/net/wlan0/address");
      inputstreamreader ir = new inputstreamreader(pp.getinputstream());
      linenumberreader input = new linenumberreader(ir);

      for (; null != str;) {
        str = input.readline();
        if (str != null) {
          macserial = str.trim();// 去空格
          break;
        }
      }
    } catch (exception ex) {
      log.e("----->" + "netinfomanager", "getmacaddress:" + ex.tostring());
    }
    if (macserial == null || "".equals(macserial)) {
      try {
        return loadfileasstring("/sys/class/net/eth0/address")
            .touppercase().substring(0, 17);
      } catch (exception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
        log.e("----->" + "netinfomanager", "getmacaddress:" + e.tostring());
      }

    }
    return macserial;
  }


   private static  string getmacaddress0(context context) {
    if (isaccesswifistateauthorized(context)) {
      wifimanager wifimgr = (wifimanager) context
          .getsystemservice(context.wifi_service);
      wifiinfo wifiinfo = null;
      try {
        wifiinfo = wifimgr.getconnectioninfo();
        return wifiinfo.getmacaddress();
      } catch (exception e) {
        log.e("----->" + "netinfomanager", "getmacaddress0:" + e.tostring());
      }

    }
    return "";

  }

  /**
   * check whether accessing wifi state is permitted
   *
   * @param context
   * @return
   */
  private static boolean isaccesswifistateauthorized(context context) {
    if (packagemanager.permission_granted == context
        .checkcallingorselfpermission("android.permission.access_wifi_state")) {
      log.e("----->" + "netinfomanager", "isaccesswifistateauthorized:" + "access wifi state is enabled");
      return true;
    } else
      return false;
  }


  private static string loadfileasstring(string filename) throws exception {
    filereader reader = new filereader(filename);
    string text = loadreaderasstring(reader);
    reader.close();
    return text;
  }
  private static  string loadreaderasstring(reader reader) throws exception {
    stringbuilder builder = new stringbuilder();
    char[] buffer = new char[4096];
    int readlength = reader.read(buffer);
    while (readlength >= 0) {
      builder.append(buffer, 0, readlength);
      readlength = reader.read(buffer);
    }
    return builder.tostring();
  }

android 7.0及以上

android 7.0 后，通过上述适配的方法，将获取不到mac地址。

经过调研和测试，7.0上仍有办法回去mac地址：

（1）通过ip地址来获取绑定的mac地址

 /**
   * 获取移动设备本地ip
   * @return
   */
  private static inetaddress getlocalinetaddress() {
    inetaddress ip = null;
    try {
      //列举
      enumeration<networkinterface> en_netinterface = networkinterface.getnetworkinterfaces();
      while (en_netinterface.hasmoreelements()) {//是否还有元素
        networkinterface ni = (networkinterface) en_netinterface.nextelement();//得到下一个元素
        enumeration<inetaddress> en_ip = ni.getinetaddresses();//得到一个ip地址的列举
        while (en_ip.hasmoreelements()) {
          ip = en_ip.nextelement();
          if (!ip.isloopbackaddress() && ip.gethostaddress().indexof(":") == -1)
            break;
          else
            ip = null;
        }

        if (ip != null) {
          break;
        }
      }
    } catch (socketexception e) {

      e.printstacktrace();
    }
    return ip;
  }

  /**
   * 获取本地ip
   * @return
   */
  private static string getlocalipaddress() {
    try {
      for (enumeration<networkinterface> en = networkinterface
          .getnetworkinterfaces(); en.hasmoreelements();) {
        networkinterface intf = en.nextelement();
        for (enumeration<inetaddress> enumipaddr = intf
            .getinetaddresses(); enumipaddr.hasmoreelements();) {
          inetaddress inetaddress = enumipaddr.nextelement();
          if (!inetaddress.isloopbackaddress()) {
            return inetaddress.gethostaddress().tostring();
          }
        }
      }
    } catch (socketexception ex) {
      ex.printstacktrace();
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * 根据ip地址获取mac地址
   * @return
   */
  public static string getmacaddress(){
    string strmacaddr = null;
    try {
      //获得ipd地址
      inetaddress ip = getlocalinetaddress();
      byte[] b = networkinterface.getbyinetaddress(ip).gethardwareaddress();
      stringbuffer buffer = new stringbuffer();
      for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
        if (i != 0) { buffer.append(':');
        }
        string str = integer.tohexstring(b[i] & 0xff);
        buffer.append(str.length() == 1 ? 0 + str : str);
      }
      strmacaddr = buffer.tostring().touppercase();
    } catch (exception e) {

    }

    return strmacaddr;
  }

 （2）扫描各个网络接口获取mac地址

 /**
   * 获取设备hardwareaddress地址
   * @return
   */
  public static string getmachinehardwareaddress(){
    enumeration<networkinterface> interfaces = null;
    try {
      interfaces = networkinterface.getnetworkinterfaces();
    } catch (socketexception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
    }
    string hardwareaddress = null;
    networkinterface if = null;
    while (interfaces.hasmoreelements()) {
      if = interfaces.nextelement();
      try {
        hardwareaddress = bytestostring(if.gethardwareaddress());
        if(hardwareaddress != null)
          break;
      } catch (socketexception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
      }
    }
    return hardwareaddress ;
  }

  /***
   * byte转为string
   * @param bytes
   * @return
   */
  private static string bytestostring(byte[] bytes){
    if (bytes == null || bytes.length == 0) {
      return null ;
    }
    stringbuilder buf = new stringbuilder();
    for (byte b : bytes) {
      buf.append(string.format("%02x:", b));
    }
    if (buf.length() > 0) {
      buf.deletecharat(buf.length() - 1);
    }
    return buf.tostring();
  }

 （3）通过busybox获取本地存储的mac地址

 /**
   * 根据busybox获取本地mac
   * @return
   */
  public static string getlocalmacaddressfrombusybox(){
    string result = "";
    string mac = "";
    result = callcmd("busybox ifconfig","hwaddr");
    //如果返回的result == null，则说明网络不可取
    if(result==null){
      return "网络异常";
    }
    //对该行数据进行解析
    //例如：eth0   link encap:ethernet hwaddr 00:16:e8:3e:df:67
    if(result.length()>0 && result.contains("hwaddr")==true){
      mac = result.substring(result.indexof("hwaddr")+6, result.length()-1);
      result = mac;
    }
    return result;
  }

  private static string callcmd(string cmd,string filter) {
    string result = "";
    string line = "";
    try {
      process proc = runtime.getruntime().exec(cmd);
      inputstreamreader is = new inputstreamreader(proc.getinputstream());
      bufferedreader br = new bufferedreader (is);

      while ((line = br.readline ()) != null && line.contains(filter)== false) {
        result += line;
      }

      result = line;
    }
    catch(exception e) {
      e.printstacktrace();
    }
    return result;
  }

 对比效果截图

上述三种方法，对比我开发的sdk现在使用的方法以及通过wifimanager获取mac地址的方法，效果如下（7.0设备有限，只覆盖部分机型）：

结论

通过上述对比，通过ip获取mac地址和扫描网络接口获取mac结合使用，可以达到准确的效果。

通过ip获取的mac地址优先级高，只有在它获取不到的情况下，再使用扫描网络接口获取的mac地址。

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