python使用tkinter库实现五子棋游戏

本文实例为大家分享了python实现五子棋游戏的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

一、运行截图：

二、代码

# 用数组定义一个棋盘，棋盘大小为 15×15
# 数组索引代表位置，
# 元素值代表该位置的状态：0代表没有棋子，1代表有黑棋，-1代表有白棋。
    
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
 
 
class chess(object):
 
 def __init__(self):
  #############
  # param #
  #######################################
  self.row, self.column = 15, 15
  self.mesh = 25
  self.ratio = 0.9
  self.board_color = "#cdba96"
  self.header_bg = "#cdc0b0"
  self.btn_font = ("黑体", 12, "bold")
  self.step = self.mesh / 2
  self.chess_r = self.step * self.ratio
  self.point_r = self.step * 0.2
  self.matrix = [[0 for y in range(self.column)] for x in range(self.row)]
  self.is_start = false
  self.is_black = true
  self.last_p = none
 
  ###########
  # gui #
  #######################################
  self.root = tk()
  self.root.title("gobang by young")
  self.root.resizable(width=false, height=false)
 
  self.f_header = frame(self.root, highlightthickness=0, bg=self.header_bg)
  self.f_header.pack(fill=both, ipadx=10)
 
  self.b_start = button(self.f_header, text="开始", command=self.bf_start, font=self.btn_font)
  self.b_restart = button(self.f_header, text="重来", command=self.bf_restart, state=disabled, font=self.btn_font)
  self.l_info = label(self.f_header, text="未开始", bg=self.header_bg, font=("楷体", 18, "bold"), fg="white")
  self.b_regret = button(self.f_header, text="悔棋", command=self.bf_regret, state=disabled, font=self.btn_font)
  self.b_lose = button(self.f_header, text="认输", command=self.bf_lose, state=disabled, font=self.btn_font)
 
  self.b_start.pack(side=left, padx=20)
  self.b_restart.pack(side=left)
  self.l_info.pack(side=left, expand=yes, fill=both, pady=10)
  self.b_lose.pack(side=right, padx=20)
  self.b_regret.pack(side=right)
 
  self.c_chess = canvas(self.root, bg=self.board_color, width=(self.column + 1) * self.mesh,
        height=(self.row + 1) * self.mesh, highlightthickness=0)
  self.draw_board()
  self.c_chess.bind("<button-1>", self.cf_board)
  self.c_chess.pack()
 
  self.root.mainloop()
 
 # 画x行y列处的网格
 def draw_mesh(self, x, y):
  # 一个倍率，由于tkinter操蛋的gui，如果不加倍率，悔棋的时候会有一点痕迹，可以试试把这个改为1，就可以看到
  ratio = (1 - self.ratio) * 0.99 + 1
  center_x, center_y = self.mesh * (x + 1), self.mesh * (y + 1)
  # 先画背景色
  self.c_chess.create_rectangle(center_y - self.step, center_x - self.step,
          center_y + self.step, center_x + self.step,
          fill=self.board_color, outline=self.board_color)
  # 再画网格线，这里面a b c d是不同的系数，根据x,y不同位置确定，需要一定推导。
  a, b = [0, ratio] if y == 0 else [-ratio, 0] if y == self.row - 1 else [-ratio, ratio]
  c, d = [0, ratio] if x == 0 else [-ratio, 0] if x == self.column - 1 else [-ratio, ratio]
  self.c_chess.create_line(center_y + a * self.step, center_x, center_y + b * self.step, center_x)
  self.c_chess.create_line(center_y, center_x + c * self.step, center_y, center_x + d * self.step)
 
  # 有一些特殊的点要画小黑点
  if ((x == 3 or x == 11) and (y == 3 or y == 11)) or (x == 7 and y == 7):
   self.c_chess.create_oval(center_y - self.point_r, center_x - self.point_r,
          center_y + self.point_r, center_x + self.point_r, fill="black")
 
 # 画x行y列处的棋子，color指定棋子颜色
 def draw_chess(self, x, y, color):
  center_x, center_y = self.mesh * (x + 1), self.mesh * (y + 1)
  # 就是画个圆
  self.c_chess.create_oval(center_y - self.chess_r, center_x - self.chess_r,
         center_y + self.chess_r, center_x + self.chess_r,
         fill=color)
 
 # 画整个棋盘
 def draw_board(self):
  [self.draw_mesh(x, y) for y in range(self.column) for x in range(self.row)]
 
 # 在正中间显示文字
 def center_show(self, text):
  width, height = int(self.c_chess['width']), int(self.c_chess['height'])
  self.c_chess.create_text(int(width / 2), int(height / 2), text=text, font=("黑体", 30, "bold"), fill="red")
 
 # 开始的时候设置各个组件，变量的状态，初始化matrix矩阵，初始化棋盘，初始化信息
 def bf_start(self):
  self.set_btn_state("start")
  self.is_start = true
  self.is_black = true
  self.matrix = [[0 for y in range(self.column)] for x in range(self.row)]
  self.draw_board()
  self.l_info.config(text="黑方下棋")
 
 # 重来跟开始的效果一样
 def bf_restart(self):
  self.bf_start()
 
 # 用last_p来标识上一步的位置。先用网格覆盖掉棋子，操作相应的变量，matrix[x][y]要置空，只能悔一次棋
 def bf_regret(self):
  if not self.last_p:
   showinfo("提示", "现在不能悔棋")
   return
  x, y = self.last_p
  self.draw_mesh(x, y)
  self.matrix[x][y] = 0
  self.last_p = none
  self.trans_identify()
 
 # 几个状态改变，还有显示文字，没什么说的
 def bf_lose(self):
  self.set_btn_state("init")
  self.is_start = false
  text = self.ternary_operator("黑方认输", "白方认输")
  self.l_info.config(text=text)
  self.center_show("蔡")
 
 # canvas的click事件
 def cf_board(self, e):
  # 找到离点击点最近的坐标
  x, y = int((e.y - self.step) / self.mesh), int((e.x - self.step) / self.mesh)
  # 找到该坐标的中心点位置
  center_x, center_y = self.mesh * (x + 1), self.mesh * (y + 1)
  # 计算点击点到中心的距离
  distance = ((center_x - e.y) ** 2 + (center_y - e.x) ** 2) ** 0.5
  # 如果距离不在规定的圆内，退出//如果这个位置已经有棋子，退出//如果游戏还没开始，退出
  if distance > self.step * 0.95 or self.matrix[x][y] != 0 or not self.is_start:
   return
  # 此时棋子的颜色，和matrix中该棋子的标识。
  color = self.ternary_operator("black", "white")
  tag = self.ternary_operator(1, -1)
  # 先画棋子，在修改matrix相应点的值，用last_p记录本次操作点
  self.draw_chess(x, y, color)
  self.matrix[x][y] = tag
  self.last_p = [x, y]
  # 如果赢了，则游戏结束，修改状态，中心显示某方获胜
  if self.is_win(x, y, tag):
   self.is_start = false
   self.set_btn_state("init")
   text = self.ternary_operator("黑方获胜", "白方获胜")
   self.center_show(text)
   return
  # 如果游戏继续，则交换棋手
  self.trans_identify()
 
 def is_win(self, x, y, tag):
  # 获取斜方向的列表
  def direction(i, j, di, dj, row, column, matrix):
   temp = []
   while 0 <= i < row and 0 <= j < column:
    i, j = i + di, j + dj
   i, j = i - di, j - dj
   while 0 <= i < row and 0 <= j < column:
    temp.append(matrix[i][j])
    i, j = i - di, j - dj
   return temp
 
  four_direction = []
  # 获取水平和竖直方向的列表
  four_direction.append([self.matrix[i][y] for i in range(self.row)])
  four_direction.append([self.matrix[x][j] for j in range(self.column)])
  # 获取斜方向的列表
  four_direction.append(direction(x, y, 1, 1, self.row, self.column, self.matrix))
  four_direction.append(direction(x, y, 1, -1, self.row, self.column, self.matrix))
 
  # 一一查看这四个方向，有没有满足五子连珠
  for v_list in four_direction:
   count = 0
   for v in v_list:
    if v == tag:
     count += 1
     if count == 5:
      return true
    else:
     count = 0
  return false
 
 # 设置四个按钮是否可以点击
 def set_btn_state(self, state):
  state_list = [normal, disabled, disabled, disabled] if state == "init" else [disabled, normal, normal, normal]
  self.b_start.config(state=state_list[0])
  self.b_restart.config(state=state_list[1])
  self.b_regret.config(state=state_list[2])
  self.b_lose.config(state=state_list[3])
 
 # 因为有很多和self.black相关的三元操作，所以就提取出来
 def ternary_operator(self, true, false):
  return true if self.is_black else false
 
 # 交换棋手
 def trans_identify(self):
  self.is_black = not self.is_black
  text = self.ternary_operator("黑方下棋", "白方下棋")
  self.l_info.config(text=text)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 chess()

三、增加复盘和保存棋谱功能

直接贴可以运行的源码，添加了两个按键和一个页面。

# 用数组定义一个棋盘，棋盘大小为 15×15
# 数组索引代表位置，
# 元素值代表该位置的状态：0代表没有棋子，1代表有黑棋，-1代表有白棋。
 
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
import os
 
tag_black = "1"
tag_empty = "."
tag_white = "0"
root_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + os.path.sep + ".")
 
 
class chess(object):
 
 def bf_save(self):
 
  path = os.path.join(root_dir, "record.txt")
  file = open(path, "w")
  for i in range(len(self.record)):
   x, y = self.record[i]
   file.write("{}: [{}, {}]\n".format("黑方" if i % 2 == 0 else "白方", x, y))
  file.close()
 
 def init_matrix(self):
  return [[tag_empty for y in range(self.column)] for x in range(self.row)]
 
 def __init__(self):
  #############
  # param #
  #######################################
  self.row, self.column = 15, 15
  self.mesh = 25
  self.ratio = 0.9
  self.board_color = "#cdba96"
  self.header_bg = "#cdc0b0"
  self.btn_font = ("黑体", 12, "bold")
  self.step = self.mesh / 2
  self.chess_r = self.step * self.ratio
  self.point_r = self.step * 0.2
  self.matrix = self.init_matrix()
  self.is_start = false
  self.is_black = true
  self.record = []
 
  ###########
  # gui #
  #######################################
  self.root = tk()
  self.root.title("gobang by young")
  self.root.resizable(width=false, height=false)
 
  self.f_header = frame(self.root, highlightthickness=0, bg=self.header_bg)
 
  self.b_start = button(self.f_header, text="开始", command=self.bf_start, font=self.btn_font)
  self.b_restart = button(self.f_header, text="重来", command=self.bf_restart, state=disabled, font=self.btn_font)
  self.l_info = label(self.f_header, text="未开始", bg=self.header_bg, font=("楷体", 18, "bold"), fg="white")
  self.b_regret = button(self.f_header, text="悔棋", command=self.bf_regret, state=disabled, font=self.btn_font)
  self.b_lose = button(self.f_header, text="认输", command=self.bf_lose, state=disabled, font=self.btn_font)
 
  self.c_chess = canvas(self.root, bg=self.board_color, width=(self.column + 1) * self.mesh,
        height=(self.row + 1) * self.mesh, highlightthickness=0)
  self.draw_board()
  self.c_chess.bind("<button-1>", self.cf_board)
 
  self.b_record = button(self.root, text="复 盘", command=self.bf_record, font=self.btn_font, bg="lightblue")
  self.b_save = button(self.root, text="保 存", command=self.bf_save, font=self.btn_font, bg="lightblue")
 
  self.f_header.pack(side=top, fill=both, ipadx=10)
  self.b_start.pack(side=left, padx=20)
  self.b_restart.pack(side=left)
  self.l_info.pack(side=left, expand=yes, fill=both, pady=10)
  self.b_lose.pack(side=right, padx=20)
  self.b_regret.pack(side=right)
 
  self.c_chess.pack(side=top)
 
  self.b_record.pack(side=top, expand=yes, fill=x)
  self.b_save.pack(side=top, expand=yes, fill=x)
 
  self.root.mainloop()
 
 # 画x行y列处的网格
 def draw_mesh(self, x, y):
  # 一个倍率，由于tkinter操蛋的gui，如果不加倍率，悔棋的时候会有一点痕迹，可以试试把这个改为1，就可以看到
  ratio = (1 - self.ratio) * 0.99 + 1
  center_x, center_y = self.mesh * (x + 1), self.mesh * (y + 1)
  # 先画背景色
  self.c_chess.create_rectangle(center_y - self.step, center_x - self.step,
          center_y + self.step, center_x + self.step,
          fill=self.board_color, outline=self.board_color)
  # 再画网格线，这里面a b c d是不同的系数，根据x,y不同位置确定，需要一定推导。
  a, b = [0, ratio] if y == 0 else [-ratio, 0] if y == self.row - 1 else [-ratio, ratio]
  c, d = [0, ratio] if x == 0 else [-ratio, 0] if x == self.column - 1 else [-ratio, ratio]
  self.c_chess.create_line(center_y + a * self.step, center_x, center_y + b * self.step, center_x)
  self.c_chess.create_line(center_y, center_x + c * self.step, center_y, center_x + d * self.step)
 
  # 有一些特殊的点要画小黑点
  if ((x == 3 or x == 11) and (y == 3 or y == 11)) or (x == 7 and y == 7):
   self.c_chess.create_oval(center_y - self.point_r, center_x - self.point_r,
          center_y + self.point_r, center_x + self.point_r, fill="black")
 
 # 画x行y列处的棋子，color指定棋子颜色
 def draw_chess(self, x, y, color):
  center_x, center_y = self.mesh * (x + 1), self.mesh * (y + 1)
  # 就是画个圆
  self.c_chess.create_oval(center_y - self.chess_r, center_x - self.chess_r,
         center_y + self.chess_r, center_x + self.chess_r,
         fill=color)
 
 # 画整个棋盘
 def draw_board(self):
  [self.draw_mesh(x, y) for y in range(self.column) for x in range(self.row)]
 
 # 在正中间显示文字
 def center_show(self, text):
  width, height = int(self.c_chess['width']), int(self.c_chess['height'])
  self.c_chess.create_text(int(width / 2), int(height / 2), text=text, font=("黑体", 30, "bold"), fill="red")
 
 def bf_record(self):
  record(self.record)
  pass
 
 # 开始的时候设置各个组件，变量的状态，初始化matrix矩阵，初始化棋盘，初始化信息
 def bf_start(self):
  self.set_btn_state("start")
  self.is_start = true
  self.is_black = true
  self.matrix = self.init_matrix()
  self.draw_board()
  self.record = []
  self.l_info.config(text="黑方下棋")
 
 # 重来跟开始的效果一样
 def bf_restart(self):
  self.record = []
  self.bf_start()
 
 # 用last_p来标识上一步的位置。先用网格覆盖掉棋子，操作相应的变量，matrix[x][y]要置空，只能悔一次棋
 def bf_regret(self):
  if len(self.record) == 0:
   showinfo("提示", "现在不能悔棋")
   return
  x, y = self.record[-1]
  self.draw_mesh(x, y)
  self.matrix[x][y] = tag_empty
  self.record = self.record[:-1]
  self.trans_identify()
 
 # 几个状态改变，还有显示文字，没什么说的
 def bf_lose(self):
  self.set_btn_state("init")
  self.is_start = false
  text = self.ternary_operator("黑方认输", "白方认输")
  self.l_info.config(text=text)
  self.center_show("蔡")
 
 def go_chess(self, x, y):
  # 此时棋子的颜色，和matrix中该棋子的标识。
  color = self.ternary_operator("black", "white")
  tag = self.ternary_operator(tag_black, tag_white)
  # 先画棋子，在修改matrix相应点的值，用last_p记录本次操作点
  self.draw_chess(x, y, color)
  self.matrix[x][y] = tag
  self.record.append([x, y])
  # 如果赢了，则游戏结束，修改状态，中心显示某方获胜
  if self.is_win(x, y, tag):
   self.is_start = false
   self.set_btn_state("init")
   text = self.ternary_operator("黑方获胜", "白方获胜")
   self.center_show(text)
   return
  # 如果游戏继续，则交换棋手
  self.trans_identify()
 
 # canvas的click事件
 def cf_board(self, e):
  # 找到离点击点最近的坐标
  x, y = int((e.y - self.step) / self.mesh), int((e.x - self.step) / self.mesh)
  # 找到该坐标的中心点位置
  center_x, center_y = self.mesh * (x + 1), self.mesh * (y + 1)
  # 计算点击点到中心的距离
  distance = ((center_x - e.y) ** 2 + (center_y - e.x) ** 2) ** 0.5
  # 如果距离不在规定的圆内，退出//如果这个位置已经有棋子，退出//如果游戏还没开始，退出
  if distance > self.step * 0.95 or self.matrix[x][y] != tag_empty or not self.is_start:
   return
  self.go_chess(x, y)
 
 def is_win(self, x, y, tag):
  # 获取斜方向的列表
  def direction(i, j, di, dj, row, column, matrix):
   temp = []
   while 0 <= i < row and 0 <= j < column:
    i, j = i + di, j + dj
   i, j = i - di, j - dj
   while 0 <= i < row and 0 <= j < column:
    temp.append(matrix[i][j])
    i, j = i - di, j - dj
   return temp
 
  four_direction = []
  # 获取水平和竖直方向的列表
  four_direction.append([self.matrix[i][y] for i in range(self.row)])
  four_direction.append([self.matrix[x][j] for j in range(self.column)])
  # 获取斜方向的列表
  four_direction.append(direction(x, y, 1, 1, self.row, self.column, self.matrix))
  four_direction.append(direction(x, y, 1, -1, self.row, self.column, self.matrix))
 
  # 一一查看这四个方向，有没有满足五子连珠
  for v_list in four_direction:
   if tag * 5 in "".join(v_list):
    return true
  return false
 
 # 设置四个按钮是否可以点击
 def set_btn_state(self, state):
  state_list = [normal, disabled, disabled, disabled] if state == "init" else [disabled, normal, normal, normal]
  self.b_start.config(state=state_list[0])
  self.b_restart.config(state=state_list[1])
  self.b_regret.config(state=state_list[2])
  self.b_lose.config(state=state_list[3])
 
 # 因为有很多和self.black相关的三元操作，所以就提取出来
 def ternary_operator(self, true, false):
  return true if self.is_black else false
 
 # 交换棋手
 def trans_identify(self):
  self.is_black = not self.is_black
  text = self.ternary_operator("黑方下棋", "白方下棋")
  self.l_info.config(text=text)
 
 def print_process(self):
  pass
 
 
class record(object):
 
 def __init__(self, record):
  #############
  # param #
  #######################################
  self.row, self.column = 15, 15
  self.mesh = 25
  self.ratio = 0.9
  self.board_color = "#cdba96"
  self.header_bg = "#cdc0b0"
  self.btn_font = ("黑体", 12, "bold")
  self.step = self.mesh / 2
  self.chess_r = self.step * self.ratio
  self.point_r = self.step * 0.2
  ###########
  self.is_black = true
  self.index = -1
  self.record = record
  ###########
  # gui #
  #######################################
  self.root = tk()
  self.root.title("复盘")
  self.root.resizable(width=false, height=false)
  self.root.bind("<key>", self.kf_step)
 
  self.f_header = frame(self.root, highlightthickness=0, bg=self.header_bg)
  self.l_info = label(self.f_header, text="未开始", bg=self.header_bg, font=("楷体", 18, "bold"), fg="white")
 
  self.c_chess = canvas(self.root, bg=self.board_color, width=(self.column + 1) * self.mesh,
        height=(self.row + 1) * self.mesh, highlightthickness=0)
  self.draw_board()
 
  self.f_header.pack(fill=both, ipadx=10)
  self.l_info.pack(side=left, expand=yes, fill=both, pady=10)
  self.c_chess.pack()
 
  self.root.mainloop()
 
 def kf_step(self, e):
  if e.keycode not in [37, 39]:
   return
  if e.keycode == 37:
   if self.index == -1:
    self.l_info.config(text="已经走到最开始了")
    return
   x, y = self.record[self.index]
   self.draw_mesh(x, y)
   if self.index == 0:
    self.l_info.config(text="未开始")
   else:
    self.l_info.config(text="黑方走棋" if self.is_black else "白方走棋")
   self.is_black = not self.is_black
   self.index -= 1
   if self.index > 0:
    x, y = self.record[self.index]
    color = "white" if self.is_black else "black"
    self.draw_chess(x, y, color, "red")
 
  elif e.keycode == 39:
   if self.index == len(self.record) - 1:
    self.l_info.config(text="已经走到最末尾了")
    return
   self.index += 1
   x, y = self.record[self.index]
   color = "black" if self.is_black else "white"
   self.draw_chess(x, y, color, "red")
   if self.index > 0:
    x, y = self.record[self.index - 1]
    color = "white" if self.is_black else "black"
    self.draw_chess(x, y, color)
   self.l_info.config(text="黑方走棋" if self.is_black else "白方走棋")
   self.is_black = not self.is_black
  else:
   pass
 
 # 画x行y列处的网格
 def draw_mesh(self, x, y):
  # 一个倍率，由于tkinter操蛋的gui，如果不加倍率，悔棋的时候会有一点痕迹，可以试试把这个改为1，就可以看到
  ratio = (1 - self.ratio) * 0.99 + 1
  center_x, center_y = self.mesh * (x + 1), self.mesh * (y + 1)
  # 先画背景色
  self.c_chess.create_rectangle(center_y - self.step, center_x - self.step,
          center_y + self.step, center_x + self.step,
          fill=self.board_color, outline=self.board_color)
  # 再画网格线，这里面a b c d是不同的系数，根据x,y不同位置确定，需要一定推导。
  a, b = [0, ratio] if y == 0 else [-ratio, 0] if y == self.row - 1 else [-ratio, ratio]
  c, d = [0, ratio] if x == 0 else [-ratio, 0] if x == self.column - 1 else [-ratio, ratio]
  self.c_chess.create_line(center_y + a * self.step, center_x, center_y + b * self.step, center_x)
  self.c_chess.create_line(center_y, center_x + c * self.step, center_y, center_x + d * self.step)
 
  # 有一些特殊的点要画小黑点
  if ((x == 3 or x == 11) and (y == 3 or y == 11)) or (x == 7 and y == 7):
   self.c_chess.create_oval(center_y - self.point_r, center_x - self.point_r,
          center_y + self.point_r, center_x + self.point_r, fill="black")
 
 # 画x行y列处的棋子，color指定棋子颜色
 def draw_chess(self, x, y, color, outline="black"):
  center_x, center_y = self.mesh * (x + 1), self.mesh * (y + 1)
  # 就是画个圆
  self.c_chess.create_oval(center_y - self.chess_r, center_x - self.chess_r,
         center_y + self.chess_r, center_x + self.chess_r,
         fill=color, outline=outline)
 
 # 画整个棋盘
 def draw_board(self):
  [self.draw_mesh(x, y) for y in range(self.column) for x in range(self.row)]
 
 # 在正中间显示文字
 def center_show(self, text):
  width, height = int(self.c_chess['width']), int(self.c_chess['height'])
  self.c_chess.create_text(int(width / 2), int(height / 2), text=text, font=("黑体", 30, "bold"), fill="red")
 
 # 开始的时候设置各个组件，变量的状态，初始化matrix矩阵，初始化棋盘，初始化信息
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 chess()

 以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。