mysql练习之一：数据表的基本操作

已经学习了MySQL的各种操作，如创建表、添加各种约束、产看表结构、以及修改和删除表。给出一个实战演练，全面复习一下数据表的基本操作基础。

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案例:创建数据库company，按照下面两个表给出的表结构在company数据库中创建两个数据表offices和employees，按照操作过程完成数据表的基本操作。

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操作过程如下：

(1)：登录MySQL。

mysql -h localhost -u root -p

打开windows命令行，输入登录用户名和密码：

C:\Users\Hudie>mysql -h localhost -u root -p
Enter password: ********Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 19Server version: 8.0.16 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>_

登录成功，可以输入SQL语句进行操作。

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(2)：创建数据库company。

create database company;

mysql> create database company;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

创建成功后，在company数据库中创建数据表，必须先选择该数据库。SQL语句如下：

mysql> use company;Database changed

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(3):创建表offices。

create table offices

mysql> create table offices    -> (
    -> officeCode int(10) not null unique,
    -> city varchar(50) not null,
    -> address varchar(50) not null,
    -> country varchar(50) not null,
    -> postalCode varchar(15) not null,
    -> primary key (officeCode)
    -> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)mysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_company |+-------------------+| offices           |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(4)：创建表enployees。

create table employees

mysql> create table employees    -> (
    -> employeeNumber int(11) not null primary key auto_increment,
    -> lastNamee varchar(50) not null,
    -> firstName varchar(50) not null,
    -> mobile varchar(25) not null,
    -> officeCode int (10) not null,
    -> jobTitle varchar(50) not null,
    -> birth datetime,
    -> noth varchar(25),
    -> sex varchar(5),
    -> constraint office_fk foreign key(officeCode) references offices(officeCode)
    -> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)mysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_company |+-------------------+| employees         || offices           |+-------------------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

创建成功，查看两个表的结构:

mysql> desc offices;+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field      | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| officeCode | int(10)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       || city       | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |       || address    | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |       || country    | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |       || postalCode | varchar(15) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+5 rows in set (0.06 sec)mysql> desc employees;+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field          | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| employeeNumber | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || lastNamee      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || firstName      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || mobile         | varchar(25) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || officeCode     | int(10)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                || jobTitle       | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || birth          | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                || noth           | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |                || sex            | varchar(5)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+9 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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(5)：将表employees的mobile字段修改到officeCode字段后面。

alter table employees modify mobile varchar(25) after officeCode;

mysql> alter table employees modify mobile varchar(25) after officeCode;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> desc employees;+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field          | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| employeeNumber | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || lastNamee      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || firstName      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || officeCode     | int(10)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                || mobile         | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |                || jobTitle       | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || birth          | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                || noth           | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |                || sex            | varchar(5)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+9 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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(6)：将表employees的birth字段改名为employee_birth。

alter table employees change birth employee_birth datetime;

mysql> alter table employees change birth employee_birth datetime;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> desc employees;+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field          | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| employeeNumber | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || lastNamee      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || firstName      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || officeCode     | int(10)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                || mobile         | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |                || jobTitle       | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || employee_birth | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                || noth           | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |                || sex            | varchar(5)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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(7)：修改sex字段，设置数据类型为char(1),非空约束。

alter table employees modify sex char(1) not null;

mysql> alter table employees modify sex char(1) not null;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> desc employees;+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field          | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| employeeNumber | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || lastNamee      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || firstName      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || officeCode     | int(10)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                || mobile         | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |                || jobTitle       | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || employee_birth | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                || noth           | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |                || sex            | char(1)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+9 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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(8)：删除字段noth。

alter table employees drop noth;

mysql> alter table employees drop noth;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> desc employees;+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field          | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| employeeNumber | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || lastNamee      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || firstName      | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || officeCode     | int(10)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                || mobile         | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |                || jobTitle       | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |                || employee_birth | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                || sex            | char(1)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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(9):增加字段名favoriate_activity,数据类型为varchar(100)

alter table employees add favoriate_activity varchar(100);

mysql> alter table employees add favoriate_activity varchar(100);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> desc employees;+--------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field              | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |+--------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| employeeNumber     | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment || lastNamee          | varchar(50)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                || firstName          | varchar(50)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                || officeCode         | int(10)      | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                || mobile             | varchar(25)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                || jobTitle           | varchar(50)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                || employee_birth     | datetime     | YES  |     | NULL    |                || sex                | char(1)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                || favoriate_activity | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |+--------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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(10):删除主表offices

①删除表的外键约束:alter table employees drop foreign key office_fk;
②删除表offices:drop table offices;

mysql> alter table employees drop foreign key office_fk;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> drop table offices;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_company |+-------------------+| employees         |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.06 sec)

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(11):修改表employees存储引擎为MyISAM。

alter table employees ENGINE=MyISAM;

mysql> alter table employees ENGINE=MyISAM;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> show create table employees \G*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: employeesCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `employees` (
  `employeeNumber` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `lastNamee` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `firstName` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `officeCode` int(10) NOT NULL,
  `mobile` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
  `jobTitle` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `employee_birth` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `sex` char(1) NOT NULL,
  `favoriate_activity` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`employeeNumber`),
  KEY `office_fk` (`officeCode`)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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(12)将表employees名称修改为employees_info。

alter table employees rename employees_info;

mysql> alter table employees rename employees_info;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)mysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_company |+-------------------+| employees_info    |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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