Python 运行 shell 获取输出结果的实例

首先使用内置模块os.

>>> import os
>>> code = os.system("pwd && sleep 2")
# /user/zhipeng
>>> print code
# 0

问题是 os.system 只能获取到结束状态

使用内置模块 subprocess

>>> import subprocess
>>> subprocess.popen("pwd && sleep 2", shell=true, cwd="/home")
# <subprocess.popen object at 0x106498310>
# /home

>>> sub = subprocess.popen("pwd && sleep 2", shell=true, stdout=subprcess.pipe)
>>> sub.wait()
>>> print sub.stdout.read()
# /user/zhipeng

subprocess.popen还支持一些别的参数 
bufsize,executable=none, stdin=none, stdout=none, stderr=none 
preexec_fn=none, close_fds=false, shell=false, cwd=none, env=none 
universal_newlines=false, startupinfo=none, creationflags=0

使用第三方模块 sh

# pip install sh
>>> from sh import ifconfig
>>> print ifconfig("eth0")

>>> from sh import bash
>>> bash("pwd")
traceback (most recent call last):
 file "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 file "/library/python/2.7/site-packages/sh.py", line 1021, in __call__
 return runningcommand(cmd, call_args, stdin, stdout, stderr)
 file "/library/python/2.7/site-packages/sh.py", line 486, in __init__
 self.wait()
 file "/library/python/2.7/site-packages/sh.py", line 500, in wait
 self.handle_command_exit_code(exit_code)
 file "/library/python/2.7/site-packages/sh.py", line 516, in handle_command_exit_code
 raise exc(self.ran, self.process.stdout, self.process.stderr)
sh.errorreturncode_126: 
 ran: '/bin/bash ls'
 stdout:
 stderr:
/bin/ls: /bin/ls: cannot execute binary file

# 不能这么用
>>> from sh import ls
>>> ls()
# hello.txt 1.txt
# ls -al
>>> ls(a=true, l=true)
# ls(al=true) 是不可以的

这操作太复杂了, 项目中使用也太糟心了, 也没有办法多个命令同时用.不过可以用别的方式代替

# bash -c command 可以很好的解决这个问题
# bash -c "sleep 1 && pwd"
>>> result = bash(c="pwd", _timeout=1, _cwd="/home")
>>> print result
# -rw-r--r--@ 1 zhipeng staff 0 10 13 18:30 hello.txt
# -rw-r--r--@ 1 zhipeng staff 0 10 13 18:30 1.txt

>>> result = bash(c="pwd", _timeout=1, _cwd="/")
>>> print result
# /
>>> bash(c="pwd && sleep 2", _timeout=1)
traceback (most recent call last):
 file "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 file "/library/python/2.7/site-packages/sh.py", line 1021, in __call__
 return runningcommand(cmd, call_args, stdin, stdout, stderr)
 file "/library/python/2.7/site-packages/sh.py", line 486, in __init__
 self.wait()
 file "/library/python/2.7/site-packages/sh.py", line 498, in wait
 raise timeoutexception(-exit_code)
sh.timeoutexception

参数里面可以添加非命令参数. 需要以_开头, 例如上面的_timeout, _cwd. 详见sh.py 源码 

还支持以下参数 

internal_bufsize, err_bufsize, tee, done, in, decode_errors, tty_in, 
out, cwd, timeout_signal, bg, timeout, with, ok_code, err, env, no_out,

参考：

https://github.com/amoffat/sh/blob/master/sh.py
https://github.com/amoffat/sh

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