Zend Framework教程之视图组件Zend_View用法详解

本文实例讲述了zend framework教程之视图组件zend_view用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

zend_view是zend framework的视图组件，mvc中的视图层。 zend_view也是应用的直接对用户展示的页面。这里介绍一下zend_view的实现类，以及如何和controller结合在一起的。

view的实现

zend_view的实现主要是通过如下目录的类实现：

root@coder-671t-m:/library/zend# tree | grep view.php
│   └── view/
├── view.php

root@coder-671t-m:/library/zend/view# tree
.
├── abstract.php
├── exception.php
├── helper
│   ├── abstract.php
│   ├── action.php
│   ├── baseurl.php
│   ├── currency.php
│   ├── cycle.php
│   ├── declarevars.php
│   ├── doctype.php
│   ├── fieldset.php
│   ├── formbutton.php
│   ├── formcheckbox.php
│   ├── formelement.php
│   ├── formerrors.php
│   ├── formfile.php
│   ├── formhidden.php
│   ├── formimage.php
│   ├── formlabel.php
│   ├── formmulticheckbox.php
│   ├── formnote.php
│   ├── formpassword.php
│   ├── form.php
│   ├── formradio.php
│   ├── formreset.php
│   ├── formselect.php
│   ├── formsubmit.php
│   ├── formtextarea.php
│   ├── formtext.php
│   ├── gravatar.php
│   ├── headlink.php
│   ├── headmeta.php
│   ├── headscript.php
│   ├── headstyle.php
│   ├── headtitle.php
│   ├── htmlelement.php
│   ├── htmlflash.php
│   ├── htmllist.php
│   ├── htmlobject.php
│   ├── htmlpage.php
│   ├── htmlquicktime.php
│   ├── inlinescript.php
│   ├── interface.php
│   ├── json.php
│   ├── layout.php
│   ├── navigation
│   │   ├── breadcrumbs.php
│   │   ├── helperabstract.php
│   │   ├── helper.php
│   │   ├── links.php
│   │   ├── menu.php
│   │   └── sitemap.php
│   ├── navigation.php
│   ├── paginationcontrol.php
│   ├── partial
│   │   └── exception.php
│   ├── partialloop.php
│   ├── partial.php
│   ├── placeholder
│   │   ├── container
│   │   │   ├── abstract.php
│   │   │   ├── exception.php
│   │   │   └── standalone.php
│   │   ├── container.php
│   │   ├── registry
│   │   │   └── exception.php
│   │   └── registry.php
│   ├── placeholder.php
│   ├── rendertoplaceholder.php
│   ├── serverurl.php
│   ├── tinysrc.php
│   ├── translate.php
│   ├── url.php
│   └── useragent.php
├── interface.php
└── stream.php

6 directories, 70 files

zend_view和zend_controller的整合

主要在zend_controller_action类中,

/**
   * initialize view object
   *
   * initializes {@link $view} if not otherwise a zend_view_interface.
   *
   * if {@link $view} is not otherwise set, instantiates a new zend_view
   * object, using the 'views' subdirectory at the same level as the
   * controller directory for the current module as the base directory.
   * it uses this to set the following:
   * - script path = views/scripts/
   * - helper path = views/helpers/
   * - filter path = views/filters/
   *
   * @return zend_view_interface
   * @throws zend_controller_exception if base view directory does not exist
   */
  public function initview()
  {
    if (!$this->getinvokearg('noviewrenderer') && $this->_helper->hashelper('viewrenderer')) {
      return $this->view;
    }
    require_once 'zend/view/interface.php';
    if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof zend_view_interface)) {
      return $this->view;
    }
    $request = $this->getrequest();
    $module = $request->getmodulename();
    $dirs  = $this->getfrontcontroller()->getcontrollerdirectory();
    if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {
      $module = $this->getfrontcontroller()->getdispatcher()->getdefaultmodule();
    }
    $basedir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . directory_separator . 'views';
    if (!file_exists($basedir) || !is_dir($basedir)) {
      require_once 'zend/controller/exception.php';
      throw new zend_controller_exception('missing base view directory ("' . $basedir . '")');
    }
    require_once 'zend/view.php';
    $this->view = new zend_view(array('basepath' => $basedir));
    return $this->view;
  }
  /**
   * render a view
   *
   * renders a view. by default, views are found in the view script path as
   * <controller>/<action>.phtml. you may change the script suffix by
   * resetting {@link $viewsuffix}. you may omit the controller directory
   * prefix by specifying boolean true for $nocontroller.
   *
   * by default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. you may
   * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name.
   *
   * @see zend_controller_response_abstract::appendbody()
   * @param string|null $action defaults to action registered in request object
   * @param string|null $name response object named path segment to use; defaults to null
   * @param bool $nocontroller defaults to false; i.e. use controller name as subdir in which to search for view script
   * @return void
   */
  public function render($action = null, $name = null, $nocontroller = false)
  {
    if (!$this->getinvokearg('noviewrenderer') && $this->_helper->hashelper('viewrenderer')) {
      return $this->_helper->viewrenderer->render($action, $name, $nocontroller);
    }
    $view  = $this->initview();
    $script = $this->getviewscript($action, $nocontroller);
    $this->getresponse()->appendbody(
      $view->render($script),
      $name
    );
  }
  /**
   * render a given view script
   *
   * similar to {@link render()}, this method renders a view script. unlike render(),
   * however, it does not autodetermine the view script via {@link getviewscript()},
   * but instead renders the script passed to it. use this if you know the
   * exact view script name and path you wish to use, or if using paths that do not
   * conform to the spec defined with getviewscript().
   *
   * by default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. you may
   * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name.
   *
   * @param string $script
   * @param string $name
   * @return void
   */
  public function renderscript($script, $name = null)
  {
    if (!$this->getinvokearg('noviewrenderer') && $this->_helper->hashelper('viewrenderer')) {
      return $this->_helper->viewrenderer->renderscript($script, $name);
    }
    $view = $this->initview();
    $this->getresponse()->appendbody(
      $view->render($script),
      $name
    );
  }

zend_view.php类

<?php
/**
 * zend framework
 *
 * license
 *
 * this source file is subject to the new bsd license that is bundled
 * with this package in the file license.txt.
 * it is also available through the world-wide-web at this url:
 * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
 * if you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
 * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
 * to [e-mail] so we can send you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @category  zend
 * @package  zend_view
 * @copyright copyright (c) 2005-2011 zend technologies usa inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license  http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd   new bsd license
 * @version  $id: view.php 23775 2011-03-01 17:25:24z ralph $
 */
/**
 * abstract master class for extension.
 */
require_once 'zend/view/abstract.php';
/**
 * concrete class for handling view scripts.
 *
 * @category  zend
 * @package  zend_view
 * @copyright copyright (c) 2005-2011 zend technologies usa inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license  http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd   new bsd license
 */
class zend_view extends zend_view_abstract
{
  /**
   * whether or not to use streams to mimic short tags
   * @var bool
   */
  private $_useviewstream = false;
  /**
   * whether or not to use stream wrapper if short_open_tag is false
   * @var bool
   */
  private $_usestreamwrapper = false;
  /**
   * constructor
   *
   * register zend_view_stream stream wrapper if short tags are disabled.
   *
   * @param array $config
   * @return void
   */
  public function __construct($config = array())
  {
    $this->_useviewstream = (bool) ini_get('short_open_tag') ? false : true;
    if ($this->_useviewstream) {
      if (!in_array('zend.view', stream_get_wrappers())) {
        require_once 'zend/view/stream.php';
        stream_wrapper_register('zend.view', 'zend_view_stream');
      }
    }
    if (array_key_exists('usestreamwrapper', $config)) {
      $this->setusestreamwrapper($config['usestreamwrapper']);
    }
    parent::__construct($config);
  }
  /**
   * set flag indicating if stream wrapper should be used if short_open_tag is off
   *
   * @param bool $flag
   * @return zend_view
   */
  public function setusestreamwrapper($flag)
  {
    $this->_usestreamwrapper = (bool) $flag;
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * should the stream wrapper be used if short_open_tag is off?
   *
   * @return bool
   */
  public function usestreamwrapper()
  {
    return $this->_usestreamwrapper;
  }
  /**
   * includes the view script in a scope with only public $this variables.
   *
   * @param string the view script to execute.
   */
  protected function _run()
  {
    if ($this->_useviewstream && $this->usestreamwrapper()) {
      include 'zend.view://' . func_get_arg(0);
    } else {
      include func_get_arg(0);
    }
  }
}

默认情况会自动通过controller会通过render方法来实例化zend_view, 然后rener到对应的视图文件中。当然可以自己实例化zend_view，然后使用。

action默认指向的文件是和action的名称相同，如果要指定视图文件，可以通过$this->render的相关方法指定.也可以通过addscriptpath和setscriptpath设置视图文件的目录。

例如

$view = new zend_view();
$view->addscriptpath('/www/app/myviews');
$view->addscriptpath('/www/app/viewscomm');
// 如果调用 $view->render('example.php'), zend_view 将
// 首先查找 "/www/app/myviews/example.php", 找不到再找"/www/app/viewscomm/example.php", 如果还找不到，最后查找当前目录下/的"example.php".

zend_view的常用方法

public function __construct($config = array())

构造函数参数

例如

array(
 'escape' => array(),
 'encoding' => array(),
);

常见key：

escape、encoding、basepath、basepathprefix、scriptpath、helperpath、 helperpathprefix、filterpath、filterpathprefix、filter
public function getengine() return the template engine object

public function init()初始化函数

/**
* given a base path, sets the script, helper, and filter paths relative to it
*
* assumes a directory structure of:
* <code>
* basepath/
*   scripts/
*   helpers/
*   filters/
* </code>
*
* @param string $path
* @param string $prefix prefix to use for helper and filter paths
* @return zend_view_abstract
*/
public function setbasepath($path, $classprefix = 'zend_view')
/**
* given a base path, add script, helper, and filter paths relative to it
*
* assumes a directory structure of:
* <code>
* basepath/
*   scripts/
*   helpers/
*   filters/
* </code>
*
* @param string $path
* @param string $prefix prefix to use for helper and filter paths
* @return zend_view_abstract
*/
public function addbasepath($path, $classprefix = 'zend_view')
public function addscriptpath($path)adds to the stack of view script paths in lifo order.
public function setscriptpath($path) resets the stack of view script paths.
public function getscriptpath($name)return full path to a view script specified by $name
public function getscriptpaths()returns an array of all currently set script paths
public function addhelperpath($path, $classprefix = 'zend_view_helper_')adds to the stack of helper paths in lifo order.
public function sethelperpath($path, $classprefix = 'zend_view_helper_')resets the stack of helper paths.
public function gethelperpath($name) get full path to a helper class file specified by $name
public function gethelperpaths()returns an array of all currently set helper paths
public function gethelper($name) get a helper by name
public function gethelpers()get array of all active helpers
public function getallpaths() return associative array of path types => paths
public function setescape($spec)
/**
* assigns variables to the view script via differing strategies.
*
* zend_view::assign('name', $value) assigns a variable called 'name'
* with the corresponding $value.
*
* zend_view::assign($array) assigns the array keys as variable
* names (with the corresponding array values).
*
* @see  __set()
* @param string|array the assignment strategy to use.
* @param mixed (optional) if assigning a named variable, use this
* as the value.
* @return zend_view_abstract fluent interface
* @throws zend_view_exception if $spec is neither a string nor an array,
* or if an attempt to set a private or protected member is detected
*/
public function assign($spec, $value = null)

在controller的action可以通过assign传递参数到视图脚本。

例如

$this->view->assign('roles', $roles);
$this->view->assign('num', $num);
$this->view->assign('a', $a);

或者也可以用

$this->view->roles=$roles;
$this->view->a=$a;
public function render($name) processes a view script and returns the output.
public function escape($var):escapes a value for output in a view script.
public function setencoding($encoding) set encoding to use with htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars()
public function getencoding() :return current escape encoding

视图脚本文件中的常见用法：

获取传递过来的值

$this->roles

使用一些常见的助手方法：

$this->baseurl();
$this->url();
$this->paginationcontrol();
$this->partial()

视图常见用法举例

在bootstrap初始化view或者controller的init文件中

/**
 * initialize the common view helper
 */
protected function _initviewhelper()
{
  $boot=$this->bootstrap('view');
  $view = $boot->getresource('view');
        $view->sethelperpath('sql/view/helper', 'sql_view_helper');
}

action中

/**
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function listaction()
{
  $this->view->assign('data', $data);
}

视图文件

list.phtml

<?php foreach ($this->data as $item) : ?>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
    <td class="datagrid-cell"><?php echo($item->item1);?></td>
</tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>

更多关于zend相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题：《zend framework框架入门教程》、《php优秀开发框架总结》、《yii框架入门及常用技巧总结》、《thinkphp入门教程》、《php面向对象程序设计入门教程》、《php+mysql数据库操作入门教程》及《php常见数据库操作技巧汇总》

希望本文所述对大家php程序设计有所帮助。