欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  IT编程

Python入门学习之字符串与比较运算符

程序员文章站 2023-12-09 21:09:46
Python字符串 字符串或串(String)是由数字、字母、下划线组成的一串字符。 一般记为 : s="a1a2···an"(n>=0)...

Python字符串
字符串或串(String)是由数字、字母、下划线组成的一串字符。
一般记为 :

s="a1a2···an"(n>=0)


它是编程语言中表示文本的数据类型。
python的字串列表有2种取值顺序:

  • 从左到右索引默认0开始的,最大范围是字符串长度少1
  • 从右到左索引默认-1开始的,最大范围是字符串开头
  • 如果你的实要取得一段子串的话,可以用到变量[头下标:尾下标],就可以截取相应的字符串,其中下标是从0开始算起,可以是正数或负数,下标可以为空表示取到头或尾。

比如:

s = 'ilovepython'


s[1:5]的结果是love。
当使用以冒号分隔的字符串,python返回一个新的对象,结果包含了以这对偏移标识的连续的内容,左边的开始是包含了下边界。
上面的结果包含了s[1]的值l,而取到的最大范围不包括上边界,就是s[5]的值p。
加号(+)是字符串连接运算符,星号(*)是重复操作。如下实例:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

str = 'Hello World!'

print str # 输出完整字符串
print str[0] # 输出字符串中的第一个字符
print str[2:5] # 输出字符串中第三个至第五个之间的字符串
print str[2:] # 输出从第三个字符开始的字符串
print str * 2 # 输出字符串两次
print str + "TEST" # 输出连接的字符串

以上实例输出结果:

Hello World!
H
llo
llo World!
Hello World!Hello World!
Hello World!TEST

Python比较运算符
以下假设变量a为10,变量b为20:
Python入门学习之字符串与比较运算符
以下实例演示了Python所有比较运算符的操作:

#!/usr/bin/python

a = 21
b = 10
c = 0

if ( a == b ):
  print "Line 1 - a is equal to b"
else:
  print "Line 1 - a is not equal to b"

if ( a != b ):
  print "Line 2 - a is not equal to b"
else:
  print "Line 2 - a is equal to b"

if ( a <> b ):
  print "Line 3 - a is not equal to b"
else:
  print "Line 3 - a is equal to b"

if ( a < b ):
  print "Line 4 - a is less than b" 
else:
  print "Line 4 - a is not less than b"

if ( a > b ):
  print "Line 5 - a is greater than b"
else:
  print "Line 5 - a is not greater than b"

a = 5;
b = 20;
if ( a <= b ):
  print "Line 6 - a is either less than or equal to b"
else:
  print "Line 6 - a is neither less than nor equal to b"

if ( b >= a ):
  print "Line 7 - b is either greater than or equal to b"
else:
  print "Line 7 - b is neither greater than nor equal to b"

以上实例输出结果:

Line 1 - a is not equal to b
Line 2 - a is not equal to b
Line 3 - a is not equal to b
Line 4 - a is not less than b
Line 5 - a is greater than b
Line 6 - a is either less than or equal to b
Line 7 - b is either greater than or equal to b