d3.js实现立体柱图的方法详解
程序员文章站
2023-12-06 09:35:16
前言
众所周知随着大数据时代的来临,数据可视化的重要性也越来越凸显,那么今天就基于d3.js今天给大家带来可视化基础图表柱图进阶:立体柱图，之前介绍过了的文章，感兴趣...
前言
众所周知随着大数据时代的来临,数据可视化的重要性也越来越凸显,那么今天就基于d3.js今天给大家带来可视化基础图表柱图进阶:立体柱图，之前介绍过了的文章，感兴趣的朋友们可以看一看。
关于d3.js
d3.js是一个操作svg的图表库,d3封装了图表的各种算法.对d3不熟悉的朋友可以到d3.js官网学习d3.js.
另外感谢司机大傻(声音像张学友一样性感的一流装逼手)和司机呆(呆萌女神)等人对d3.js进行翻译!
html+css
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>title</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
div.tip-hill-div {
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
color: #fff;
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
font-family: microsoft yahei;
}
div.tip-hill-div > h1 {
font-size: 14px;
}
div.tip-hill-div > h2 {
font-size: 12px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="chart"></div>
</body>
</html>
js
当前使用d3.v4+版本
<script src="d3-4.js"></script>
图表所需数据
var data = [{
"letter": "白皮鸡蛋",
"child": {
"category": "0",
"value": "459.00"
}
}, {
"letter": "红皮鸡蛋",
"child": {
"category": "0",
"value": "389.00"
}
}, {
"letter": "鸡蛋",
"child": {
"category": "0",
"value": "336.00"
}
}, {
"letter": "牛肉",
"child": {
"category": "0",
"value": "282.00"
}
}, {
"letter": "羊肉",
"child": {
"category": "0",
"value": "249.00"
}
}, {
"letter": "鸭蛋",
"child": {
"category": "0",
"value": "242.00"
}
}, {
"letter": "红薯",
"child": {
"category": "0",
"value": "222.00"
}
}, {
"letter": "白菜",
"child": {
"category": "0",
"value": "182.00"
}
}, {
"letter": "鸡肉",
"child": {
"category": "0",
"value": "102.00"
}
}];
图表的一些基础配置数据
var margin = {
top: 20,
right: 50,
bottom: 50,
left: 90
};
var svgwidth = 1000;
var svgheight = 500;
//创建各个面的颜色数组
var maincolorlist = ['#f6e242', '#ebec5b', '#d2ef5f', '#b1d894','#97d5ad', '#82d1c0', '#70cfd2', '#63c8ce', '#50bab8', '#38a99d'];
var topcolorlist = ['#e9d748', '#d1d252', '#c0d75f', '#a2d37d','#83d09e', '#68ccb6', '#5bc8cb', '#59c0c6', '#3aadab', '#2da094'];
var rightcolorlist = ['#dfce51', '#d9db59', '#b9d54a', '#9ece7c','#8ac69f', '#70c3b1', '#65c5c8', '#57bac0', '#42aba9', '#2c9b8f'];
var svg = d3.select('#chart')
.append('svg')
.attr('width', svgwidth)
.attr('height', svgheight)
.attr('id', 'svg-column');
创建x轴序数比例尺
function addxaxis() {
var transform = d3.geotransform({
point: function (x, y) {
this.stream.point(x, y)
}
});
//定义几何路径
var path = d3.geopath()
.projection(transform);
xlinearscale = d3.scaleband()
.domain(data.map(function (d) {
return d.letter;
}))
.range([0, svgwidth - margin.right - margin.left], 0.1);
var xaxis = d3.axisbottom(xlinearscale)
.ticks(data.length);
//绘制x轴
var xaxisg = svg.append("g")
.call(xaxis)
.attr("transform", "translate(" + (margin.left) + "," + (svgheight - margin.bottom) + ")");
//删除原x轴
xaxisg.select("path").remove();
xaxisg.selectall('line').remove();
//绘制新的立体x轴
xaxisg.append("path")
.datum({
type: "polygon",
coordinates: [
[
[20, 0],
[0, 15],
[svgwidth - margin.right - margin.left, 15],
[svgwidth + 20 - margin.right - margin.left, 0],
[20, 0]
]
]
})
.attr("d", path)
.attr('fill', 'rgb(187,187,187)');
xaxisg.selectall('text')
.attr('font-size', '18px')
.attr('fill', '#646464')
.attr('transform', 'translate(0,20)');
dataprocessing(xlinearscale)//核心算法
}
你可能注意到了,上面代码中不仅使用了序数比例尺,还有地理路径生成器,因为需要生成立体的柱图,所以需要讲原本的x轴删除,自己重新进行绘制.下图是自己重新绘制出来的path路径:
创建y轴线性比例尺
var ylinearscale;
//创建y轴的比例尺渲染y轴
function addyscale() {
ylinearscale = d3.scalelinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, function (d, i) {
return d.child.value * 1;
}) * 1.2])
.range([svgheight - margin.top - margin.bottom, 0]);
//定义y轴比例尺以及刻度
var yaxis = d3.axisleft(ylinearscale)
.ticks(6);
//绘制y轴
var yaxisg = svg.append("g")
.call(yaxis)
.attr('transform', 'translate(' + (margin.left + 10) + "," + margin.top + ")");
yaxisg.selectall('text')
.attr('font-size', '18px')
.attr('fill', '#636363');
//删除原y轴路径和tick
yaxisg.select("path").remove();
yaxisg.selectall('line').remove();
}
创建y轴时同样需要把原来的路径和tick删除,下图是效果:
到这,我们的基础搭建完毕,下面就是核心算法
核心算法
为了实现最终效果,我希望大家在理解的时候能把整个立体柱图分解一下.
我实现立体柱图的思路是通过2个path路径和一个rect进行拼凑.
正面是一个rect,上面和右面利用path路径生成.
利用三角函数,通过给定的angle角度计算上面的一个点就可以知道其他所有点的位置进而进行绘制.
通过上图可以看到,一个立体柱图我们只需要知道7个点的位置就能够绘制出来.
并且已知正面rect4个红色点的位置.已知柱子的宽度和高度,那么只要求出top面左上角点的位置,就可以知道余下绿色点的位置.具体算法如下:
//核心算法思路是big boss教的,我借花献佛
function dataprocessing(xlinearscale) {
var angle = math.pi / 2.3;
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
var d = data[i];
var depth = 10;
d.ow = xlinearscale.bandwidth() * 0.7;
d.ox = xlinearscale(d.letter);
d.oh = 1;
d.p1 = {
x: math.cos(angle) * d.ow,
y: -math.sin(angle) - depth
};
d.p2 = {
x: d.p1.x + d.ow,
y: d.p1.y
};
d.p3 = {
x: d.p2.x,
y: d.p2.y + d.oh
};
}
}
渲染
最终我们还要鼠标进行交互,所以先添加tip生成函数
//tip的创建方法(方法来自敬爱的鸣哥)
var tiptimerconfig = {
longer: 0,
target: null,
exist: false,
winevent: window.event,
boxheight: 398,
boxwidth: 376,
maxwidth: 376,
maxheight: 398,
tooltip: null,
showtime: 3500,
hovertime: 300,
displaytext: "",
show: function (val, e) {
"use strict";
var me = this;
if (e != null) {
me.winevent = e;
}
me.displaytext = val;
me.calculateboxandshow();
me.createtimer();
},
calculateboxandshow: function () {
"use strict";
var me = this;
var _x = 0;
var _y = 0;
var _w = document.documentelement.scrollwidth;
var _h = document.documentelement.scrollheight;
var wscrollx = window.scrollx || document.body.scrollleft;
var wscrolly = window.scrolly || document.body.scrolltop;
var xmouse = me.winevent.x + wscrollx;
if (_w - xmouse < me.boxwidth) {
_x = xmouse - me.boxwidth - 10;
} else {
_x = xmouse;
}
var _ymouse = me.winevent.y + wscrolly;
if (_h - _ymouse < me.boxheight + 18) {
_y = _ymouse - me.boxheight - 25;
} else {
_y = _ymouse + 18;
}
me.addtooltip(_x, _y);
},
addtooltip: function (page_x, page_y) {
"use strict";
var me = this;
me.tooltip = document.createelement("div");
me.tooltip.style.left = page_x + "px";
me.tooltip.style.top = page_y + "px";
me.tooltip.style.position = "absolute";
me.tooltip.style.width = me.boxwidth + "px";
me.tooltip.style.height = me.boxheight + "px";
me.tooltip.classname = "three-tooltip";
var divinnerheader = me.createinner();
divinnerheader.innerhtml = me.displaytext;
me.tooltip.appendchild(divinnerheader);
document.body.appendchild(me.tooltip);
},
createinner: function () {
"use strict";
var me = this;
var divinnerheader = document.createelement('div');
divinnerheader.style.width = me.boxwidth + "px";
divinnerheader.style.height = me.boxheight + "px";
return divinnerheader;
},
cleardiv: function () {
"use strict";
var deldiv = document.body.getelementsbyclassname("three-tooltip");
for (var i = deldiv.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
document.body.removechild(deldiv[i]);
}
},
createtimer: function (deltarget) {
"use strict";
var me = this;
var deltip = me.tooltip;
var deltarget = tiptimerconfig.target;
var removetimer = window.settimeout(function () {
try {
if (deltip != null) {
document.body.removechild(deltip);
if (tiptimerconfig.target == deltarget) {
me.exist = false;
}
}
cleartimeout(removetimer);
} catch (e) {
cleartimeout(removetimer);
}
}, me.showtime);
},
hovertimerfn: function (showtip, showtarget) {
"use strict";
var me = this;
var showtarget = tiptimerconfig.target;
var hovertimer = window.setinterval(function () {
try {
if (tiptimerconfig.target != showtarget) {
clearinterval(hovertimer);
} else if (!tiptimerconfig.exist && (new date()).gettime() - me.longer > me.hovertime) {
//show
tiptimerconfig.show(showtip);
tiptimerconfig.exist = true;
clearinterval(hovertimer);
}
} catch (e) {
clearinterval(hovertimer);
}
}, tiptimerconfig.hovertime);
}
};
var createtooltiptabledata = function (info) {
var ary = [];
ary.push("<div class='tip-hill-div'>");
ary.push("<h1>品种信息:" + info.letter + "</h1>");
ary.push("<h2>成交量: " + info.child.value);
ary.push("</div>");
return ary.join("");
};
核心算法写完,就到了最终的渲染了
function addcolumn() {
function clumnmouseover(d) {
d3.select(this).selectall(".transparentpath").attr("opacity", 0.8);
// 添加 div
tiptimerconfig.target = this;
tiptimerconfig.longer = new date().gettime();
tiptimerconfig.exist = false;
//获取坐标
tiptimerconfig.winevent = {
x: event.clientx - 100,
y: event.clienty
};
tiptimerconfig.boxheight = 50;
tiptimerconfig.boxwidth = 140;
//hide
tiptimerconfig.cleardiv();
//show
tiptimerconfig.hovertimerfn(createtooltiptabledata(d));
}
function clumnmouseout(d) {
d3.select(this).selectall(".transparentpath").attr("opacity", 1);
tiptimerconfig.target = null;
tiptimerconfig.cleardiv();
}
var g = svg.selectall('.g')
.data(data)
.enter()
.append('g')
.on("mouseover", clumnmouseover)
.on("mouseout", clumnmouseout)
.attr('transform', function (d) {
return "translate(" + (d.ox + margin.left + 20) + "," + (svgheight - margin.bottom + 15) + ")"
});
g.transition()
.duration(2500)
.attr("transform", function (d) {
return "translate(" + (d.ox + margin.left + 20) + ", " + (ylinearscale(d.child.value) + margin.bottom - 15) + ")"
});
g.append('rect')
.attr('x', 0)
.attr('y', 0)
.attr("class", "transparentpath")
.attr('width', function (d, i) {
return d.ow;
})
.attr('height', function (d) {
return d.oh;
})
.style('fill', function (d, i) {
return maincolorlist[i]
})
.transition()
.duration(2500)
.attr("height", function (d, i) {
return svgheight - margin.bottom - margin.top - ylinearscale(d.child.value);
});
g.append('path')
.attr("class", "transparentpath")
.attr('d', function (d) {
return "m0,0 l" + d.p1.x + "," + d.p1.y + " l" + d.p2.x + "," + d.p2.y + " l" + d.ow + ",0 l0,0";
})
.style('fill', function (d, i) {
return topcolorlist[i]
});
g.append('path')
.attr("class", "transparentpath")
.attr('d', function (d) {
return "m" + d.ow + ",0 l" + d.p2.x + "," + d.p2.y + " l" + d.p3.x + "," + d.p3.y + " l" + d.ow + "," + d.oh + " l" + d.ow + ",0"
})
.style('fill', function (d, i) {
return rightcolorlist[i]
})
.transition()
.duration(2500)
.attr("d", function (d, i) {
return "m" + d.ow + ",0 l" + d.p2.x + "," + d.p2.y + " l" + d.p3.x + "," + (d.p3.y + svgheight - margin.top - margin.bottom - ylinearscale(d.child.value)) + " l" + d.ow + "," + (svgheight - margin.top - margin.bottom - ylinearscale(d.child.value)) + " l" + d.ow + ",0"
});
}
由于需要考虑动画,所以对渲染时的柱子位置进行了处理.对这方面不理解的话可以留言讨论.
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。