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使用Servlet实现前端连接数据库

程序员文章站 2023-12-04 18:05:16
JDBC连接数据库前言准备工作1.确定数据库2.Idea上的简单试验前言今天第三天啦,还是有点不适应,大学生怎么会每天早上早起呢,呜呜呜呜。准备工作1.确定数据库具和管理工具我用的是数据库是MySQL数据库(免安装的那种,那时候自己安装数据库要安装吐了,太难装了),然后数据库管理工具用的是Navicat。用Navicat建了一个较为简单的库和表2.Idea上的简单试验现在看看咱的Idea上做啥:先是简单的小测试,试试看是否能成功连接到我们的数据库。......


使用Servlet实现前端连接数据库

前言

今天第三天啦,还是有点不适应,大学生怎么会每天早上早起呢,呜呜呜呜。

准备工作

数据库

数据库使用的是免安装版的MySQL,方便简单快捷(免去了安装的痛苦,这东西实在是太难安装了)。
使用Servlet实现前端连接数据库

数据库管理工具

数据库管理工具我使用的是Navicat,建一张简单的表就行了。使用Servlet实现前端连接数据库

所需的包

就是下图这个东西,需要下载过来并且导入进Idea。
使用Servlet实现前端连接数据库
还有需要两个jar包jstl-1.2jarmysql-connector-java-5.1.47-bin.jar

以上就是所需要的基本配置了。

The 代码

流程详解

使用Servlet实现前端连接数据库

开发使用三层开发,有利于开发、部署、维护、扩展。

工具类DBUtil

这是用来连接数据库和关闭数据库连接的工具类。

package com.Day03.util;

import java.sql.*;

public class DBUtil {
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        System.out.println("连接数据库");
        //创建连接
        Connection connection= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testtt?useSSL=false","root","123456");
        return connection;
    }
    public static void closeAll(ResultSet rs,Statement stmt,Connection conn) throws SQLException{  //ResultSet 结果集
        if(rs != null){
            rs.close();
            stmt.close();
        }
        if (stmt != null){
            stmt.close();
        }
        if(conn != null){
            conn.close();
        }
    }

}

user类

package com.Day03.moodel;

public class User {

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String password;
    private String age;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

user类里我们给他写了4个属性和其get、set方法,并且重写了他们的toString。

数据访问层UserDao

package com.Day03.dao;

import com.Day03.moodel.User;
import com.Day03.util.DBUtil;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class UserDao {

    public int add(User user) {
        Connection connection=null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
        int count=0;
        try {
            connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
            //获得执行sql的Statement对象
            pstmt =connection.prepareStatement("insert into user (name ,password,age) values (?,?,?)");
            pstmt.setString(1,user.getName());
            pstmt.setString(2,user.getPassword());
            pstmt.setString(3,user.getAge());
            //执行sql,获得结果
            count =pstmt.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("insert操作成功"+count);
            return count;
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                DBUtil.closeAll(null,pstmt,connection);
            }catch (SQLException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        return count;
    }
    public User selsectByName(String name){
        ResultSet rs=null;
        Connection connection=null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
        DBUtil util=new DBUtil();
        User user=new User();
        try {
            connection=util.getConnection();
            pstmt=connection.prepareStatement("select  * from user where name=?");
            pstmt.setString(1,name);

            rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
            //处理结果集
            while (rs.next()){
                user.setId(rs.getInt(1));
                user.setName(rs.getString(2));
                user.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
                user.setAge(rs.getString(4));
            }

        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                util.closeAll(rs,pstmt,connection);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        return user;
    }
    public int delete(String userId){
        Connection connection=null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
        int count=0;
        try {
            connection=DBUtil.getConnection();
            System.out.println("连接成功");
            pstmt=connection.prepareStatement("DELETE FROM `user` WHERE id=?");
            pstmt.setString(1,userId);
            count=pstmt.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("删除操作成功"+count);
            return count;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                DBUtil.closeAll(null,pstmt,connection);
            }catch (SQLException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return count;
    }
}

这一层是用来访问数据库的,主要的区别就是增加和删除返回的值是我们SQL语句所影响到的数据库的行数,而查找返回的是我们所查找的数据。

业务逻辑层UserServic

package com.Day03.service;

import com.Day03.dao.UserDao;
import com.Day03.moodel.User;

import java.sql.SQLException;

public class UserService {
    UserDao userDao=new UserDao();

    public int add(User user) throws SQLException {
        System.out.println("servic中add方法被调用");
        return userDao.add(user);
    }
    public User selectByName(String name){
        return userDao.selsectByName(name);
    }

    public int delete(String userId) throws SQLException {
        System.out.println("servic中delete方法被调用");
        return userDao.delete(userId);
    }
}

这里主要的功能是调用UserDao里的方法实现逻辑性数据的生成、处理及转换。
可以像我一样在中间写入一个sout来测试是否运行到该层。

界面层AddServlet/HellowServlet/LoginServlet

LoginServlet:

package com.Day03.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        if (name.equals("123") && password.equals("123")) {
            resp.getWriter().write("success!");
        } else {
            resp.getWriter().write("failed!");
        }

    }

}

AddServlet:

package com.Day03.servlet;

import com.Day03.moodel.User;
import com.Day03.service.UserService;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class AddServlet extends HttpServlet{
    UserService userService=new UserService();
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("执行了doPost");
        String method=req.getParameter("method");
        if(method.equals("save")){
            try {
                insert(req,resp);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else if (method.equals("search")){
            try {
                search(req,resp);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else if(method.equals("delete")){
            try {
                delete(req,resp);
            }catch (SQLException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public void insert(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException {

        User user=new User();
        String name=req.getParameter("name");
        String password=req.getParameter("password");
        String age=req.getParameter("age");

        user.setName(name);
        user.setPassword(password);
        user.setAge(age);
        System.out.println(user);

        int count=userService.add(user);
        if (count>0){
            resp.sendRedirect("/index.jsp");
        }else {
            resp.getWriter().write("<h2>failed</h2>");
        }
    }

    public void search(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=GBK");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        String name=req.getParameter("name");
        User user1=userService.selectByName(name);
        if (user1!=null){
            resp.getWriter().write("<h1>用户名:"+user1.getName()+"</h1><h1>密码:"+user1.getPassword()+"</h1><h1>年龄:"+user1.getAge()+"</h1>");
        }else {
            resp.getWriter().write("失败!");
        }
    }

    public void delete(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException, SQLException{
        User user=new User();
        String  id=req.getParameter("id");
        System.out.println("id是:"+id);
        int count=userService.delete(id);
        if(count>0){
            resp.sendRedirect("/index.jsp");
        }else{
            resp.getWriter().write("<h2>failed</h2>");
        }
    }

}


HelloServlet:

package com.Day03.servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() { //获得servlet配置的方法
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {  //实现功能
        servletResponse.getWriter().write("hello,servlet");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() { //清除相关服务

    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>HelloSevlet</servlet-name>   <!--与下方mapping的name保持一致-->
        <servlet-class>com.Day03.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>HelloSevlet</servlet-name>    <!--与上方name保持一致-->
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>loginservlet</servlet-name>   <!--与下方mapping的name保持一致-->
    <servlet-class>com.Day03.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>loginservlet</servlet-name>    <!--与上方name保持一致-->
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>addServlet</servlet-name>   <!--与下方mapping的name保持一致-->
        <servlet-class>com.Day03.servlet.AddServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>addServlet</servlet-name>    <!--与上方name保持一致-->
        <url-pattern>/add</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

前端页面add.jsp/delete.jsp/index.jsp/search.jsp

add.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add?method=save" method="post">
    name:<input name="name" type="text">
    password:<input name="password" type="password">
    age:<input name="age" type="text">
    <input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>

delete.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>删除</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add?method=delete" method="post">
    <input name="id" placeholder="请输入需要删除的id">
    <input type="submit" value="删除">
</form>
</body>
</html>

index.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <h1>登录页面</h1>
  <form action="/login" method="post">
    name:<input name="name" type="text">
    password:<input name="password" type="password">
    <input type="submit" value="login">
  </form>
  <a href="add.jsp">跳转到注册页面</a>
  <a href="search.jsp">跳转到查询页面</a>
  <a href="delete.jsp">跳转到删除页面</a>
  </body>
</html>

search.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>search</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add?method=search" method="post">
    <input name="name" placeholder="请输入需要查找的名字">
    <input type="submit" value="查找">
</form>
</body>
</html>

功能的实现

注册功能详解(其余功能也差不多)

运行项目后弹出默认网页index.jsp
使用Servlet实现前端连接数据库
点击下方的跳转到注册页面后网页跳转到add.jsp.(index.jsp→add.jsp

然后提交一个为save的表单(add.jsp里的method=save→AddServlet.java)

从add.jsp里获得的method=save与AddServlet.java的dopost方法里的save、search、delete相比较
(equals(“save”)),所以运行接下来的insert(req,resp)

跳转到AddServlet.java里的insert方法,(req.getParameter(s:“xxx”),意思是获得网页里名为xxx控件的数据)。获得数据后调用userService.add(),然后调用userDao.add()。(AddServlet.java→userService.java→userDao.java)

 public int add(User user) {
        Connection connection=null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
        int count=0;
        try {
            connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
            //获得执行sql的Statement对象
            pstmt =connection.prepareStatement("insert into user (name ,password,age) values (?,?,?)");
            pstmt.setString(1,user.getName());
            pstmt.setString(2,user.getPassword());
            pstmt.setString(3,user.getAge());
            //执行sql,获得结果
            count =pstmt.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("insert操作成功"+count);
            return count;
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                DBUtil.closeAll(null,pstmt,connection);
            }catch (SQLException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        return count;
    }

然后就是连接数据库,在数据库上进行数据修改。

其他两个功能我相信你们能触类旁通哒!

THE end

靓仔下班
使用Servlet实现前端连接数据库

本文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/Hoyiii/article/details/107046055