bootstrap学习使用（导航条、下拉菜单、轮播、栅格布局等）

程序员文章站 2022-03-17 16:35:46

...

本文算是bootstrap学习使用的年底大总结，供大家参考，具体内容如下

bootstrap框架

BootStrap学习从现在开始，前端开发框架Bootstrap，可大大简化网站开发过程，从而深受广大开发者的喜欢。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn"><!-- 语言设置 -->
 <head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><!-- 浏览器缩放 -->
 <title>Bootstrap</title>
 <!-- Bootstrap -->
 <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
 
 <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
 <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->
 
 <!--[if lt IE 9]>
 <script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
 <script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
 
 </head>
 <body>
 <h1>你好</h1>
 <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->
 <script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
 <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->
 <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
 </body>
</html>

导航

导航对于一位前端人员来说并不陌生。可以说导航是一个网站重要的元素组件之一，可以便于用户查找网站所提供的各项功能服务。

<nav class="nabber navbar-default" role="navigation"><!--导航条、默认样式、role定义内容是一个导航条-->
 <div class="container-fluid"><!--container居中固定宽度、c-f自适应大小的导航条-->
 <div class="navbar-header">
 
 <!--在响应式浏览器宽度小于一定值时，显示按钮-->
 <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
 <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
 <span class="icon-bar"></span>
 <span class="icon-bar"></span>
 <span class="icon-bar"></span>
 </button>
 
 <!--logo图标-->
 <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
 
 </div>
 
 <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"><!--包裹代码，在宽度大于一定值时，button和此代码是没有作用的-->
 
 <!--导航条导航项目-->
 <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
 <li class="active"><a href="#">a</a></li>
 <li><a href="#">a</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>
</nav>
 .navbar-inverse:改变导航条的背景颜色
 .container:居中显示
 固定导航条会遮盖页面内容，解决办法设置body的*padding-top*

下拉菜单

小伙伴们注意，在Bootstrap框架中的下拉菜单组件是一个独立的组件。

<li class="dropdown">
 <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">下拉菜单<span class="caret"></span></a>
 <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
 <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
 <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
 <li><a href="#">Something else</a></li>
 <li class="divider"></li>
 <li><a href="#">linkkk/a></li>
 </ul>
</li>

data属性API可以使用所有的Bootstrap插件

轮播广告（carousel）

<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
 
 <!--底部导航点。。。-->
 <ol class="carousel-indicators">
 <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0"></li>
 <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1" class="active"></li>
 <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
 </ol>
 
 <!--轮播广告内容-->
 <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
 <div class="item active">
 <img src="…">
 <div class="carousel-caption">……</div>
 </div>
 <div class="item active">
 <img src="…">
 <div class="carousel-caption">……</div>
 </div>
 </div>
 
 <!--左右箭头-->
 <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span>
 <pan class="sr-only">previous</span>
 </a>
 <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></span>
 <pan class="sr-only">Next</span>
 </a>
</div>

.data-slide-to索引，指向轮播广告的内容，从0开始
.carousel设置广告框的样式(高度、背景色)
.carousel .item设置广告框的样式(高度、背景色)
栅格系统布局

<div class="container">
 <div class="row">
 <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
 <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
 <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
 </div>
</div>

标签页tabs

<!--标签-->
<ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist">
 <li class="active"><a href="#home" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Home</a></li>
 <li><a href="#profile" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Profile</a></li>
 <li><a href="#messages" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Messages</a></li>
 <li><a href="#settings" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Settings</a></li>
</ul>
 
<!--标签的内容-->
<div class="tab-content">
 <div class="tab-pane active" id="home">…</div>
 <div class="tab-pane" id="profile">…</div>
 <div class="tab-pane" id="messages">…</div>
 <div class="tab-pane" id="settings">…</div>
</div>

标签页tabs

<div class="modal fade">
 <div class="modal-dialog">
 <div class="content">
 
 <!--标签头部-->
 <div class="modal-header">
 <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal">
 <span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
 <span class="sr-only">Close</span>
 <h4 class="modal-title">Modal title</h4>
 </button>
 </div>
 
 <!--标签体-->
 <div class="modal-body">
 …
 </div>
 
 <!--标签底部-->
 <div class="modal-footer">
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Save</button>
 </div>
 
 </div>
 </div>
</div>