Oracle 表空间查询与操作方法

一。查询篇
1.查询oracle表空间的使用情况
select b.file_id　　文件id,
　　b.tablespace_name　　表空间,
　　b.file_name　　　　　物理文件名,
　　b.bytes　　　　　　　总字节数,
　　(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))　　　已使用,
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))　　　　　　　　剩余,
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100　剩余百分比
　　from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
　　where a.file_id=b.file_id
　　group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
　　order by b.tablespace_name
2.查询oracle系统用户的默认表空间和临时表空间
select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users
3.查询单张表的使用情况
select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where segment_name = 're_stdevt_fact_day' and owner = user
re_stdevt_fact_day是您要查询的表名称
4.查询所有用户表使用大小的前三十名
select * from (select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where owner = user order by bytes desc ) where rownum <= 30
5.查询当前用户默认表空间的使用情况
select tablespacename,sum(totalcontent),sum(usecontent),sum(sparecontent),avg(sparepercent)
from
(
select b.file_id as id,b.tablespace_name as tablespacename,b.bytes as totalcontent,(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) as usecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) as sparecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 as sparepercent
from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
where a.file_id=b.file_id and b.tablespace_name = (select default_tablespace from dba_users where username = user)
group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
)
group by tablespacename
6.查询用户表空间的表
select * from user_tables
==================================================================================
一、建立表空间
create tablespace test
datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' size 50m
uniform size 1m; #指定区尺寸为128k,如不指定，区尺寸默认为64k
或
create tablespace test
datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' size 50m
minimum extent 50k extent management local
default storage (initial 50k next 50k maxextents 100 pctincrease 0);
可从dba_tablespaces中查看刚创建的表空间的信息
二、建立undo表空间
create undo tablespace test_undo
datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test_undo.dbf' size 50m
undo表空间的extent是由本地管理的，而且在创建时的sql语句中只能使用datafile和extent management子句。
oracle规定在任何时刻只能将一个还原表空间赋予数据库，即在一个实例中可以有多个还原表空间存在，但只能有一个为活动的。可以使用alter system命令进行还原表空间的切换。
sql> alter system set undo_tablespace = test_undo;
三、建立临时表空间
create temporary tablespace test_temp
tempfile '/oracle/oradata/db/test_temp.dbf' size 50m
查看系统当前默认的临时表空间
select * from dba_properties where property_name like 'default%'
改变系统默认临时表空间
alter database default temporary tablespace test_temp;
四、改变表空间状态
1.使表空间脱机
alter tablespace test offline;
如果是意外删除了数据文件，则必须带有recover选项
alter tablespace game test for recover;
2.使表空间联机
alter tablespace test online;
3.使数据文件脱机
alter database datafile 3 offline;
4.使数据文件联机
alter database datafile 3 online;
5.使表空间只读
alter tablespace test read only;
6.使表空间可读写
alter tablespace test read write;
五、删除表空间
drop tablespace test incl ing contents and datafiles cascade constraints;
drop tablespace　表空间名 [incl ing contents [and datafiles] [cascade constraints]]
1. incl ing contents　子句用来删除段
2. and datafiles　子句用来删除数据文件
3. cascade constraints　子句用来删除所有的引用完整性约束

六、扩展表空间
首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
1.增加数据文件
alter tablespace test
add datafile '/oracle/oradata/db/test02.dbf' size 1000m;
2.手动增加数据文件尺寸
alter database datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf'
resize 100m;
3.设定数据文件自动扩展
alter database datafile 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf'
autoextend on next 100m
maxsize 200m;
设定后可从dba_tablespace中查看表空间信息，从v$datafile中查看对应的数据文件信息
==================================================================================
create tablespace scgl
datafile 'e:\oracle\prod t\10.1.0\oradata\orcl\scgl2.dbf'
size 50m
autoextend on
next 50m maxsize 20480m
extent management local;
create tablespace test_data
logging
datafile 'e:\oracle\prod t\10.1.0\oradata\orcl\user_data.dbf'
size 50m
autoextend on
next 50m maxsize 20480m
extent management local;
create user scgl identified by qwer1234
default tablespace scgl
temporary tablespace scgl_temp;
tempfile 'e:\oracle\prod t\10.1.0\oradata\orcl\user_temp.dbf'
create temporary tablespace scgl_temp
tempfile 'e:\oracle\prod t\10.1.0\oradata\orcl\scgl_temp.dbf'
size 50m
autoextend on
next 50m maxsize 20480m
extent management local;
grant connect,resource, dba to scgl;
oracle创建表空间 sys用户在cmd下以dba身份登陆：
在cmd中打sqlplus /nolog
然后再
conn / as sysdba
//创建临时表空间
create temporary tablespace user_temp
tempfile 'd:\oracle\oradata\oracle9i\user_temp.dbf'
size 50m
autoextend on
next 50m maxsize 20480m
extent management local;
//创建数据表空间
create tablespace test_data
logging
datafile 'd:\oracle\oradata\oracle9i\user_data.dbf'
size 50m
autoextend on
next 50m maxsize 20480m
extent management local;
//创建用户并指定表空间
create user username identified by password
default tablespace user_data
temporary tablespace user_temp;
查询表空间使用情况
select upper(f.tablespace_name) "表空间名",
d.tot_grootte_mb "表空间大小(m)",
d.tot_grootte_mb - f.total_bytes "已使用空间(m)",
to_char(round((d.tot_grootte_mb - f.total_bytes) / d.tot_grootte_mb * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比",
f.total_bytes "空闲空间(m)",
f.max_bytes "最大块(m)"
from (select tablespace_name,
round(sum(bytes) / (1024 * 1024), 2) total_bytes,
round(max(bytes) / (1024 * 1024), 2) max_bytes
from sys.dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name) f,
(select dd.tablespace_name,
round(sum(dd.bytes) / (1024 * 1024), 2) tot_grootte_mb
from sys.dba_data_files dd
group by dd.tablespace_name) d
where d.tablespace_name = f.tablespace_name
order by 1
查询表空间的free space
select tablespace_name,
count(*) as extends,
round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as mb,
sum(blocks) as blocks
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
--查询表空间的总容量
select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as mb
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name;
查询表空间使用率
select total.tablespace_name,
round(total.mb, 2) as total_mb,
round(total.mb - free.mb, 2) as used_mb,
round((1 - free.mb / total.mb) * 100, 2) || '%' as used_pct
from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as mb
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name) free,
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as mb
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name) total
where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name;
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.建立表空间:create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10m uniform size 128k
#指定区尺寸为128k ,块大小为默认8k
#大文件表空间 create bigfile tablespace big_tbs datafile '/u01/big_tbs.dbf ' size 100g
2.建非标准表show parameter db alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10m create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10m blocksize 2k uniform size 128k
#常见错误
sql> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2m; alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2m error at line 1: ora-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ora-00384: insufficient memory to grow cache
#解决
sql> alter system set sga_max_size=400m scope=spfile; sql> shutdown immediate; sql> startup sql> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10m; system altered.
3.查看区大小与块大小#区大小 conn y / 123 create table t(i number) tablespace test; insert into t values(10) select bytes/1024 from user_segments where segment_name=upper('t');
#块大小 show parameter block(默认64k)
#非标准表空间的blocksize sql> select * from v$dbfile; sql> select name,block_size,status from v$datafile; sql> select block_size from v$datafile where file#=14;
4.删除表空间drop tablespace test including contents and datafiles
5.查表空间:#查数据文件 select * from v$dbfile; #所有表空间 select * from v$tablespace;
#表空间的数据文件 select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
6.建立undo表空间create undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile '/u01/undotbs01.dbf' size 5m;
#切换到新建的undo表空间 alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs01;
7.建立临时表空间create temporary tablespace temp_data tempfile '/u01/temp.db' size 5m; create bigfile temporary tablespace bigtem tempfile '/u01/bigtemp.db' size 5m;
8.改变表空间状态
(0.)查看状态
#表空间状态 select tablespace_name,block_size,status from dba_tablespaces;
#数据文件状态 select name,block_size,status from v$datafile;
(1.)表空间脱机alter tablespace test offline
#如果意外删除了数据文件 alter tablespace test offline for recover
(2.)表空间联机alter tablespace test online
(3.)数据文件脱机select * from v$dbfile; alter database datafile 3 offline
(4.)数据文件联机recover datafile 3; alter database datafile 3 online;
(5.)使表空间只读alter tablespace test read only
(6.)使表空间可读写alter tablespace test read write;
9.扩展表空间#首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件及空间 select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; #三种扩展方法
1.alter tablespace test add datafile '/u01/test02.dbf' size 10m(自动加一个datafile)
2.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' resize 20m;
3.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' autoextend on next 10m maxsize 1g;
#设定后查看表空间信息
select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes total,b.bytes used,c.bytes free,(b.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% used",(c.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% free" from sys.sm$ts_avail a,sys.sm$ts_used b,sys.sm$ts_free c where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name=c.tablespace_name;
10.移动表空间的数据文件
#先确定数据文件据在表空间
sql>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files where file_name='/u01/test.dbf';
#open状态
sql>alter tablespace test offline; sql>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; sql>alter tablespace test rename datafile '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf'; sql>alter tablespace test offline;
#mount状态 sql>shutdown immediate; sql>startup mount sql>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; sql>alter database rename file '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf';
11.表空间和数据文件常用的数据字典与动态性能视图v$dbfile v$datafile dba_segments user_segments dba_data_files v$tablespace dba_tablespaces user_tablespaces
--查询表空间使用情况
select upper(f.tablespace_name) "表空间名",
d.tot_grootte_mb "表空间大小(m)",
d.tot_grootte_mb - f.total_bytes "已使用空间(m)",
to_char(round((d.tot_grootte_mb - f.total_bytes) / d.tot_grootte_mb * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比",
f.total_bytes "空闲空间(m)",
f.max_bytes "最大块(m)"
from (select tablespace_name,
round(sum(bytes) / (1024 * 1024), 2) total_bytes,
round(max(bytes) / (1024 * 1024), 2) max_bytes
from sys.dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name) f,
(select dd.tablespace_name,
round(sum(dd.bytes) / (1024 * 1024), 2) tot_grootte_mb
from sys.dba_data_files dd
group by dd.tablespace_name) d
where d.tablespace_name = f.tablespace_name
order by 1
--查询表空间的free space
select tablespace_name,
count(*) as extends,
round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as mb,
sum(blocks) as blocks
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
--查询表空间的总容量
select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as mb
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name;
--查询表空间使用率
select total.tablespace_name,
round(total.mb, 2) as total_mb,
round(total.mb - free.mb, 2) as used_mb,
round((1 - free.mb / total.mb) * 100, 2) || '%' as used_pct
from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as mb
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name) free,
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as mb
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name) total
where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name;
//给用户授予权限
grant connect,resource to username;
//以后以该用户登录，创建的任何数据库对象都属于user_temp 和user_data表空间，
这就不用在每创建一个对象给其指定表空间了
撤权：
revoke 权限... from 用户名;
删除用户命令
drop user user_name cascade;

建立表空间
create tablespace data01
datafile '/oracle/oradata/db/data01.dbf' size 500m
uniform size 128k; #指定区尺寸为128k,如不指定，区尺寸默认为64k

删除表空间
drop tablespace data01 incl ing contents and datafiles;
一、建立表空间
create tablespace data01
datafile '/oracle/oradata/db/data01.dbf' size 500m
uniform size 128k; #指定区尺寸为128k,如不指定，区尺寸默认为64k
二、建立undo表空间
create undo tablespace undotbs02
datafile '/oracle/oradata/db/undotbs02.dbf' size 50m
#注意：在open状态下某些时刻只能用一个undo表空间，如果要用新建的表空间，必须切换到该表空间:
alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs02;
三、建立临时表空间
create temporary tablespace temp_data
tempfile '/oracle/oradata/db/temp_data.dbf' size 50m
四、改变表空间状态
1.使表空间脱机
alter tablespace game offline;
如果是意外删除了数据文件，则必须带有recover选项
alter tablespace game offline for recover;
2.使表空间联机
alter tablespace game online;
3.使数据文件脱机
alter database datafile 3 offline;
4.使数据文件联机
alter database datafile 3 online;
5.使表空间只读
alter tablespace game read only;
6.使表空间可读写
alter tablespace game read write;
五、删除表空间
drop tablespace data01 incl ing contents and datafiles;

六、扩展表空间
首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
1.增加数据文件
alter tablespace game
add datafile '/oracle/oradata/db/game02.dbf' size 1000m;
2.手动增加数据文件尺寸
alter database datafile '/oracle/oradata/db/game.dbf'
resize 4000m;
3.设定数据文件自动扩展
alter database datafile '/oracle/oradata/db/game.dbf
autoextend on next 100m
maxsize 10000m;

设定后查看表空间信息
select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes total,b.bytes used, c.bytes free,
(b.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% used",(c.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% free"
from sys.sm$ts_avail a,sys.sm$ts_used b,sys.sm$ts_free c
where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name=c.tablespace