Android 5.1 WebView内存泄漏问题及快速解决方法
问题背景
在排查项目内存泄漏过程中发现了一些由webview引起的内存泄漏,经过测试发现该部分泄漏只会出现在android 5.1及以上的机型。虽然项目使用webview的场景并不多,但秉承着一个泄漏都不放过的精神,我们肯定要把它给解决了。
遇到的问题
项目中使用webview的页面主要在faq页面,问题也出现在多次进入退出时,发现内存占用大,gc频繁。使用leakcanary观察发现有两个内存泄漏很频繁:
我们分析一下这两个泄漏:
从图一我们可以发现是webview的contentviewcore中的成员变量mcontainerview引用着accessibilitymanager的maccessibilitystatechangelisteners导致activity不能被回收造成了泄漏。
引用关系:maccessibilitystatechangelisteners->contentviewcore->webview->settinghelpactivity
从图二可以发现引用关系是: mcomponentcallbacks->awcontents->webview->settinghelpactivity
问题分析
我们找找maccessibilitystatechangelisteners 与 mcomponentcallbacks是在什么时候注册的,我们先看看maccessibilitystatechangelisteners
accessibilitymanager.java
private final copyonwritearraylist<accessibilitystatechangelistener> maccessibilitystatechangelisteners = new copyonwritearraylist<>(); /** * registers an {@link accessibilitystatechangelistener} for changes in * the global accessibility state of the system. * * @param listener the listener. * @return true if successfully registered. */ public boolean addaccessibilitystatechangelistener( @nonnull accessibilitystatechangelistener listener) { // final copyonwritearraylist - no lock needed. return maccessibilitystatechangelisteners.add(listener); } /** * unregisters an {@link accessibilitystatechangelistener}. * * @param listener the listener. * @return true if successfully unregistered. */ public boolean removeaccessibilitystatechangelistener( @nonnull accessibilitystatechangelistener listener) { // final copyonwritearraylist - no lock needed. return maccessibilitystatechangelisteners.remove(listener); }
上面这几个方法是在accessibilitymanager.class中定义的,根据方法调用可以发现在viewrootimpl初始化会调用addaccessibilitystatechangelistener 添加一个listener,然后会在dispatchdetachedfromwindow的时候remove这个listener。
既然是有remove的,那为什么会一直引用着呢?我们稍后再分析。
我们再看看mcomponentcallbacks是在什么时候注册的
application.java
public void registercomponentcallbacks(componentcallbacks callback) { synchronized (mcomponentcallbacks) { mcomponentcallbacks.add(callback); } } public void unregistercomponentcallbacks(componentcallbacks callback) { synchronized (mcomponentcallbacks) { mcomponentcallbacks.remove(callback); } }
上面这两个方法是在application中定义的,根据方法调用可以发现是在context 基类中被调用
/** * add a new {@link componentcallbacks} to the base application of the * context, which will be called at the same times as the componentcallbacks * methods of activities and other components are called. note that you * <em>must</em> be sure to use {@link #unregistercomponentcallbacks} when * appropriate in the future; this will not be removed for you. * * @param callback the interface to call. this can be either a * {@link componentcallbacks} or {@link componentcallbacks2} interface. */ public void registercomponentcallbacks(componentcallbacks callback) { getapplicationcontext().registercomponentcallbacks(callback); } /** * remove a {@link componentcallbacks} object that was previously registered * with {@link #registercomponentcallbacks(componentcallbacks)}. */ public void unregistercomponentcallbacks(componentcallbacks callback) { getapplicationcontext().unregistercomponentcallbacks(callback); }
根据泄漏路径,难道是awcontents中注册了mcomponentcallbacks未反注册么?
只有看chromium源码才能知道真正的原因了,好在chromium是开源的,我们在android 5.1 chromium源码中找到我们需要的awcontents(自备*),看下在什么时候注册了
awcontents.java
@override public void onattachedtowindow() { if (isdestroyed()) return; if (misattachedtowindow) { log.w(tag, "onattachedtowindow called when already attached. ignoring"); return; } misattachedtowindow = true; mcontentviewcore.onattachedtowindow(); nativeonattachedtowindow(mnativeawcontents, mcontainerview.getwidth(), mcontainerview.getheight()); updatehardwareacceleratedfeaturestoggle(); if (mcomponentcallbacks != null) return; mcomponentcallbacks = new awcomponentcallbacks(); mcontext.registercomponentcallbacks(mcomponentcallbacks); } @override public void ondetachedfromwindow() { if (isdestroyed()) return; if (!misattachedtowindow) { log.w(tag, "ondetachedfromwindow called when already detached. ignoring"); return; } misattachedtowindow = false; hideautofillpopup(); nativeondetachedfromwindow(mnativeawcontents); mcontentviewcore.ondetachedfromwindow(); updatehardwareacceleratedfeaturestoggle(); if (mcomponentcallbacks != null) { mcontext.unregistercomponentcallbacks(mcomponentcallbacks); mcomponentcallbacks = null; } mscrollaccessibilityhelper.removepostedcallbacks(); mnativegldelegate.detachglfunctor(); }
在以上两个方法中我们发现了mcomponentcallbacks的踪影,
在onattachedtowindow的时候调用mcontext.registercomponentcallbacks(mcomponentcallbacks)进行注册,
在ondetachedfromwindow中反注册。
我们仔细看看ondetachedfromwindow中的代码会发现
如果在ondetachedfromwindow的时候isdestroyed条件成立会直接return,这有可能导致无法执行mcontext.unregistercomponentcallbacks(mcomponentcallbacks);
也就会导致我们第一个泄漏,因为ondetachedfromwindow无法正常流程执行完也就不会调用viewrootimp的dispatchdetachedfromwindow方法,那我们找下这个条件什么时候会为true
/** * destroys this object and deletes its native counterpart. */ public void destroy() { misdestroyed = true; destroynatives(); }
发现是在destroy中设置为true的,也就是说执行了destroy()就会导致无法反注册。我们一般在activity中使用webview时会在ondestroy方法中调用mwebview.destroy();来释放webview。根据源码可以知道如果在ondetachedfromwindow之前调用了destroy那就肯定会无法正常反注册了,也就会导致内存泄漏。
问题的解决
我们知道了原因后,解决就比较容易了,就是在销毁webview前一定要ondetachedfromwindow,我们先将webview从它的父view中移除再调用destroy方法,代码如下:
@override protected void ondestroy() { super.ondestroy(); if (mwebview != null) { viewparent parent = mwebview.getparent(); if (parent != null) { ((viewgroup) parent).removeview(mwebview); } mwebview.removeallviews(); mwebview.destroy(); mwebview = null; } }
还有个问题,就是为什么在5.1以下的机型不会内存泄漏呢,我们看下4.4的源码awcontents
/** * @see android.view.view#onattachedtowindow() * * note that this is also called from receivepopupcontents. */ public void onattachedtowindow() { if (mnativeawcontents == 0) return; misattachedtowindow = true; mcontentviewcore.onattachedtowindow(); nativeonattachedtowindow(mnativeawcontents, mcontainerview.getwidth(), mcontainerview.getheight()); updatehardwareacceleratedfeaturestoggle(); if (mcomponentcallbacks != null) return; mcomponentcallbacks = new awcomponentcallbacks(); mcontainerview.getcontext().registercomponentcallbacks(mcomponentcallbacks); } /** * @see android.view.view#ondetachedfromwindow() */ public void ondetachedfromwindow() { misattachedtowindow = false; hideautofillpopup(); if (mnativeawcontents != 0) { nativeondetachedfromwindow(mnativeawcontents); } mcontentviewcore.ondetachedfromwindow(); updatehardwareacceleratedfeaturestoggle(); if (mcomponentcallbacks != null) { mcontainerview.getcontext().unregistercomponentcallbacks(mcomponentcallbacks); mcomponentcallbacks = null; } mscrollaccessibilityhelper.removepostedcallbacks(); if (mpendingdetachcleanupreferences != null) { for (int i = 0; i < mpendingdetachcleanupreferences.size(); ++i) { mpendingdetachcleanupreferences.get(i).cleanupnow(); } mpendingdetachcleanupreferences = null; } }
我们可以看到在ondetachedfromwindow方法上是没有isdestroyed这个判断条件的,这也证明了就是这个原因造成的内存泄漏。
问题的总结
使用webview容易造成内存泄漏,如果使用没有正确的去释放销毁很容易造成oom。webview使用也有很多的坑,需多多测试。
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