提高MySQL 查询效率的三个技巧第1/2页
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2023-12-01 23:00:52
mysql由于它本身的小巧和操作的高效, 在数据库应用中越来越多的被采用.我在开发一个p2p应用的时候曾经使用mysql来保存p2p节点,由于p2p的应用中,结点...
mysql由于它本身的小巧和操作的高效, 在数据库应用中越来越多的被采用.我在开发一个p2p应用的时候曾经使用mysql来保存p2p节点,由于p2p的应用中,结点数动辄上万个,而且节点变化频繁,因此一定要保持查询和插入的高效.以下是我在使用过程中做的提高效率的三个有效的尝试.
l 使用statement进行绑定查询
使用statement可以提前构建查询语法树,在查询时不再需要构建语法树就直接查询.因此可以很好的提高查询的效率. 这个方法适合于查询条件固定但查询非常频繁的场合.
使用方法是:
绑定, 创建一个mysql_stmt变量,与对应的查询字符串绑定,字符串中的问号代表要传入的变量,每个问号都必须指定一个变量.
查询, 输入每个指定的变量, 传入mysql_stmt变量用可用的连接句柄执行.
代码如下:
//1.绑定
bool cdbmanager::bindinsertstmt(mysql * connecthandle)
{
//作插入操作的绑定
mysql_bind insertbind[feild_num];
if(m_stinsertparam == null)
m_stinsertparam = new chostcachetable;
m_stinsertstmt = mysql_stmt_init(connecthandle);
//构建绑定字符串
char insertsql[sql_length];
strcpy(insertsql, "insert into hostcache(sessionid, channelid, isptype, "
"externalip, externalport, internalip, internalport) "
"values(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)");
mysql_stmt_prepare(m_stinsertstmt, insertsql, strlen(insertsql));
int param_count= mysql_stmt_param_count(m_stinsertstmt);
if(param_count != feild_num)
return false;
//填充bind结构数组, m_sinsertparam是这个statement关联的结构变量
memset(insertbind, 0, sizeof(insertbind));
insertbind[0].buffer_type = mysql_type_string;
insertbind[0].buffer_length = id_length /* -1 */;
insertbind[0].buffer = (char *)m_stinsertparam->sessionid;
insertbind[0].is_null = 0;
insertbind[0].length = 0;
insertbind[1].buffer_type = mysql_type_string;
insertbind[1].buffer_length = id_length /* -1 */;
insertbind[1].buffer = (char *)m_stinsertparam->channelid;
insertbind[1].is_null = 0;
insertbind[1].length = 0;
insertbind[2].buffer_type = mysql_type_tiny;
insertbind[2].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->isptype;
insertbind[2].is_null = 0;
insertbind[2].length = 0;
insertbind[3].buffer_type = mysql_type_long;
insertbind[3].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->externalip;
insertbind[3].is_null = 0;
insertbind[3].length = 0;
insertbind[4].buffer_type = mysql_type_short;
insertbind[4].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->externalport;
insertbind[4].is_null = 0;
insertbind[4].length = 0;
insertbind[5].buffer_type = mysql_type_long;
insertbind[5].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->internalip;
insertbind[5].is_null = 0;
insertbind[5].length = 0;
insertbind[6].buffer_type = mysql_type_short;
insertbind[6].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->internalport;
insertbind[6].is_null = 0;
insertbind[6].is_null = 0;
//绑定
if (mysql_stmt_bind_param(m_stinsertstmt, insertbind))
return false;
return true;
}
//2.查询
bool cdbmanager::inserthostcache2(mysql * connecthandle, char * sessionid, char * channelid, int isptype, \
unsigned int eip, unsigned short eport, unsigned int iip, unsigned short iport)
{
//填充结构变量m_sinsertparam
strcpy(m_stinsertparam->sessionid, sessionid);
strcpy(m_stinsertparam->channelid, channelid);
m_stinsertparam->isptype = isptype;
m_stinsertparam->externalip = eip;
m_stinsertparam->externalport = eport;
m_stinsertparam->internalip = iip;
m_stinsertparam->internalport = iport;
//执行statement,性能瓶颈处
if(mysql_stmt_execute(m_stinsertstmt))
return false;
return true;
}
l 随机的获取记录
在某些数据库的应用中, 我们并不是要获取所有的满足条件的记录,而只是要随机挑选出满足条件的记录. 这种情况常见于数据业务的统计分析,从大容量数据库中获取小量的数据的场合.
有两种方法可以做到
1. 常规方法,首先查询出所有满足条件的记录,然后随机的挑选出部分记录.这种方法在满足条件的记录数很多时效果不理想.
2. 使用limit语法,先获取满足条件的记录条数, 然后在sql查询语句中加入limit来限制只查询满足要求的一段记录. 这种方法虽然要查询两次,但是在数据量大时反而比较高效.
示例代码如下:
//1.常规的方法
//性能瓶颈,10万条记录时,执行查询140ms, 获取结果集500ms,其余可忽略
int cdbmanager::queryhostcache(mysql* connecthandle, char * channelid, int isptype, cdbmanager::chostcachetable * &hostcache)
{
char selectsql[sql_length];
memset(selectsql, 0, sizeof(selectsql));
sprintf(selectsql,"select * from hostcache where channelid = '%s' and isptype = %d", channelid, isptype);
if(mysql_real_query(connecthandle, selectsql, strlen(selectsql)) != 0) //检索
return 0;
//获取结果集
m_presultset = mysql_store_result(connecthandle);
if(!m_presultset) //获取结果集出错
return 0;
int iallnumrows = (int)(mysql_num_rows(m_presultset)); ///<所有的搜索结果数
//计算待返回的结果数
int ireturnnumrows = (iallnumrows <= return_query_host_num)? iallnumrows:return_query_host_num;
if(ireturnnumrows <= return_query_host_num)
{
//获取逐条记录
for(int i = 0; i<ireturnnumrows; i++)
{
//获取逐个字段
m_row = mysql_fetch_row(m_presultset);
if(m_row[0] != null)
strcpy(hostcache[i].sessionid, m_row[0]);
if(m_row[1] != null)
strcpy(hostcache[i].channelid, m_row[1]);
if(m_row[2] != null)
hostcache[i].isptype = atoi(m_row[2]);
if(m_row[3] != null)
hostcache[i].externalip = atoi(m_row[3]);
if(m_row[4] != null)
hostcache[i].externalport = atoi(m_row[4]);
if(m_row[5] != null)
hostcache[i].internalip = atoi(m_row[5]);
if(m_row[6] != null)
hostcache[i].internalport = atoi(m_row[6]);
}
}
else
{
//随机的挑选指定条记录返回
int iremainder = iallnumrows%ireturnnumrows; ///<余数
int iquotient = iallnumrows/ireturnnumrows; ///<商
int istartindex = rand()%(iremainder + 1); ///<开始下标
//获取逐条记录
for(int iselectedindex = 0; iselectedindex < ireturnnumrows; iselectedindex++)
{
mysql_data_seek(m_presultset, istartindex + iquotient * iselectedindex);
m_row = mysql_fetch_row(m_presultset);
if(m_row[0] != null)
strcpy(hostcache[iselectedindex].sessionid, m_row[0]);
if(m_row[1] != null)
strcpy(hostcache[iselectedindex].channelid, m_row[1]);
if(m_row[2] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].isptype = atoi(m_row[2]);
if(m_row[3] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].externalip = atoi(m_row[3]);
if(m_row[4] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].externalport = atoi(m_row[4]);
if(m_row[5] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].internalip = atoi(m_row[5]);
if(m_row[6] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].internalport = atoi(m_row[6]);
}
}
//释放结果集内容
mysql_free_result(m_presultset);
return ireturnnumrows;
}
l 使用statement进行绑定查询
使用statement可以提前构建查询语法树,在查询时不再需要构建语法树就直接查询.因此可以很好的提高查询的效率. 这个方法适合于查询条件固定但查询非常频繁的场合.
使用方法是:
绑定, 创建一个mysql_stmt变量,与对应的查询字符串绑定,字符串中的问号代表要传入的变量,每个问号都必须指定一个变量.
查询, 输入每个指定的变量, 传入mysql_stmt变量用可用的连接句柄执行.
代码如下:
//1.绑定
bool cdbmanager::bindinsertstmt(mysql * connecthandle)
{
//作插入操作的绑定
mysql_bind insertbind[feild_num];
if(m_stinsertparam == null)
m_stinsertparam = new chostcachetable;
m_stinsertstmt = mysql_stmt_init(connecthandle);
//构建绑定字符串
char insertsql[sql_length];
strcpy(insertsql, "insert into hostcache(sessionid, channelid, isptype, "
"externalip, externalport, internalip, internalport) "
"values(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)");
mysql_stmt_prepare(m_stinsertstmt, insertsql, strlen(insertsql));
int param_count= mysql_stmt_param_count(m_stinsertstmt);
if(param_count != feild_num)
return false;
//填充bind结构数组, m_sinsertparam是这个statement关联的结构变量
memset(insertbind, 0, sizeof(insertbind));
insertbind[0].buffer_type = mysql_type_string;
insertbind[0].buffer_length = id_length /* -1 */;
insertbind[0].buffer = (char *)m_stinsertparam->sessionid;
insertbind[0].is_null = 0;
insertbind[0].length = 0;
insertbind[1].buffer_type = mysql_type_string;
insertbind[1].buffer_length = id_length /* -1 */;
insertbind[1].buffer = (char *)m_stinsertparam->channelid;
insertbind[1].is_null = 0;
insertbind[1].length = 0;
insertbind[2].buffer_type = mysql_type_tiny;
insertbind[2].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->isptype;
insertbind[2].is_null = 0;
insertbind[2].length = 0;
insertbind[3].buffer_type = mysql_type_long;
insertbind[3].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->externalip;
insertbind[3].is_null = 0;
insertbind[3].length = 0;
insertbind[4].buffer_type = mysql_type_short;
insertbind[4].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->externalport;
insertbind[4].is_null = 0;
insertbind[4].length = 0;
insertbind[5].buffer_type = mysql_type_long;
insertbind[5].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->internalip;
insertbind[5].is_null = 0;
insertbind[5].length = 0;
insertbind[6].buffer_type = mysql_type_short;
insertbind[6].buffer = (char *)&m_stinsertparam->internalport;
insertbind[6].is_null = 0;
insertbind[6].is_null = 0;
//绑定
if (mysql_stmt_bind_param(m_stinsertstmt, insertbind))
return false;
return true;
}
//2.查询
bool cdbmanager::inserthostcache2(mysql * connecthandle, char * sessionid, char * channelid, int isptype, \
unsigned int eip, unsigned short eport, unsigned int iip, unsigned short iport)
{
//填充结构变量m_sinsertparam
strcpy(m_stinsertparam->sessionid, sessionid);
strcpy(m_stinsertparam->channelid, channelid);
m_stinsertparam->isptype = isptype;
m_stinsertparam->externalip = eip;
m_stinsertparam->externalport = eport;
m_stinsertparam->internalip = iip;
m_stinsertparam->internalport = iport;
//执行statement,性能瓶颈处
if(mysql_stmt_execute(m_stinsertstmt))
return false;
return true;
}
l 随机的获取记录
在某些数据库的应用中, 我们并不是要获取所有的满足条件的记录,而只是要随机挑选出满足条件的记录. 这种情况常见于数据业务的统计分析,从大容量数据库中获取小量的数据的场合.
有两种方法可以做到
1. 常规方法,首先查询出所有满足条件的记录,然后随机的挑选出部分记录.这种方法在满足条件的记录数很多时效果不理想.
2. 使用limit语法,先获取满足条件的记录条数, 然后在sql查询语句中加入limit来限制只查询满足要求的一段记录. 这种方法虽然要查询两次,但是在数据量大时反而比较高效.
示例代码如下:
//1.常规的方法
//性能瓶颈,10万条记录时,执行查询140ms, 获取结果集500ms,其余可忽略
int cdbmanager::queryhostcache(mysql* connecthandle, char * channelid, int isptype, cdbmanager::chostcachetable * &hostcache)
{
char selectsql[sql_length];
memset(selectsql, 0, sizeof(selectsql));
sprintf(selectsql,"select * from hostcache where channelid = '%s' and isptype = %d", channelid, isptype);
if(mysql_real_query(connecthandle, selectsql, strlen(selectsql)) != 0) //检索
return 0;
//获取结果集
m_presultset = mysql_store_result(connecthandle);
if(!m_presultset) //获取结果集出错
return 0;
int iallnumrows = (int)(mysql_num_rows(m_presultset)); ///<所有的搜索结果数
//计算待返回的结果数
int ireturnnumrows = (iallnumrows <= return_query_host_num)? iallnumrows:return_query_host_num;
if(ireturnnumrows <= return_query_host_num)
{
//获取逐条记录
for(int i = 0; i<ireturnnumrows; i++)
{
//获取逐个字段
m_row = mysql_fetch_row(m_presultset);
if(m_row[0] != null)
strcpy(hostcache[i].sessionid, m_row[0]);
if(m_row[1] != null)
strcpy(hostcache[i].channelid, m_row[1]);
if(m_row[2] != null)
hostcache[i].isptype = atoi(m_row[2]);
if(m_row[3] != null)
hostcache[i].externalip = atoi(m_row[3]);
if(m_row[4] != null)
hostcache[i].externalport = atoi(m_row[4]);
if(m_row[5] != null)
hostcache[i].internalip = atoi(m_row[5]);
if(m_row[6] != null)
hostcache[i].internalport = atoi(m_row[6]);
}
}
else
{
//随机的挑选指定条记录返回
int iremainder = iallnumrows%ireturnnumrows; ///<余数
int iquotient = iallnumrows/ireturnnumrows; ///<商
int istartindex = rand()%(iremainder + 1); ///<开始下标
//获取逐条记录
for(int iselectedindex = 0; iselectedindex < ireturnnumrows; iselectedindex++)
{
mysql_data_seek(m_presultset, istartindex + iquotient * iselectedindex);
m_row = mysql_fetch_row(m_presultset);
if(m_row[0] != null)
strcpy(hostcache[iselectedindex].sessionid, m_row[0]);
if(m_row[1] != null)
strcpy(hostcache[iselectedindex].channelid, m_row[1]);
if(m_row[2] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].isptype = atoi(m_row[2]);
if(m_row[3] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].externalip = atoi(m_row[3]);
if(m_row[4] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].externalport = atoi(m_row[4]);
if(m_row[5] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].internalip = atoi(m_row[5]);
if(m_row[6] != null)
hostcache[iselectedindex].internalport = atoi(m_row[6]);
}
}
//释放结果集内容
mysql_free_result(m_presultset);
return ireturnnumrows;
}
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