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spring boot jar的启动原理解析

程序员文章站 2023-11-24 16:41:40
 1.前言 近来有空对公司的open api平台进行了些优化,然后在打出jar包的时候,突然想到以前都是对spring boot使用很熟练,但是从来都不知道sp...

 1.前言

近来有空对公司的open api平台进行了些优化,然后在打出jar包的时候,突然想到以前都是对spring boot使用很熟练,但是从来都不知道spring boot打出的jar的启动原理,然后这回将jar解开了看了下,与想象中确实大不一样,以下就是对解压出来的jar的完整分析。

2.jar的结构

spring boot的应用程序就不贴出来了,一个较简单的demo打出的结构都是类似,另外我采用的spring boot的版本为1.4.1.release网上有另外一篇文章对spring boot jar启动的分析,那个应该是1.4以下的,启动方式与当前版本也有着许多的不同。

在mvn clean install后,我们在查看target目录中时,会发现两个jar包,如下:

xxxx.jar
xxx.jar.original

这个则是归功于spring boot插件的机制,将一个普通的jar打成了一个可以执行的jar包,而xxx.jar.original则是maven打出的jar包,这些可以参考spring官网的文章来了解,如下:

以下是spring boot应用打出的jar的部分目录结构,大部分省略了,仅仅展示出其中重要的部分。

.
├── boot-inf
│ ├── classes
│ │ ├── application-dev.properties
│ │ ├── application-prod.properties
│ │ ├── application.properties
│ │ ├── com
│ │ │ └── weibangong
│ │ │  └── open
│ │ │   └── openapi
│ │ │    ├── springbootwebapplication.class
│ │ │    ├── config
│ │ │    │ ├── proxyservletconfiguration.class
│ │ │    │ └── swaggerconfig.class
│ │ │    ├── oauth2
│ │ │    │ ├── controller
│ │ │    │ │ ├── accesstokencontroller.class
│ │ ├── logback-spring.xml
│ │ └── static
│ │  ├── css
│ │  │ └── guru.css
│ │  ├── images
│ │  │ ├── fbcover1200x628.png
│ │  │ └── newbannerboots_2.png
│ └── lib
│  ├── accessors-smart-1.1.jar
├── meta-inf
│ ├── manifest.mf
│ └── maven
│  └── com.weibangong.open
│   └── open-server-openapi
│    ├── pom.properties
│    └── pom.xml
└── org
 └── springframework
  └── boot
   └── loader
    ├── executablearchivelauncher$1.class
    ├── executablearchivelauncher.class
    ├── jarlauncher.class
    ├── launchedurlclassloader$1.class
    ├── launchedurlclassloader.class
    ├── launcher.class
    ├── archive
    │ ├── archive$entry.class
    │ ├── archive$entryfilter.class
    │ ├── archive.class
    │ ├── explodedarchive$1.class
    │ ├── explodedarchive$fileentry.class
    │ ├── explodedarchive$fileentryiterator$entrycomparator.class
     ├── explodedarchive$fileentryiterator.class

这个jar除了我们写的应用程序打出的class以外还有一个单独的org包,应该是spring boot应用在打包的使用spring boot插件将这个package打进来,也就是增强了mvn生命周期中的package阶段,而正是这个包在启动过程中起到了关键的作用,另外中jar中将应用所需的各种依赖都打进来,并且打入了spring boot额外的package,这种可以all-in-one的jar也被称之为fat.jar,下文我们将一直以fat.jar来代替打出的jar的名字。

3.manifest.mf文件

这个时候我们再继续看meta-inf中的manifest.mf文件,如下:

manifest-version: 1.0
implementation-title: open :: server :: openapi
implementation-version: 1.0-snapshot
archiver-version: plexus archiver
built-by: xiaxuan
implementation-vendor-id: com.weibangong.open
spring-boot-version: 1.4.1.release
implementation-vendor: pivotal software, inc.
main-class: org.springframework.boot.loader.propertieslauncher
start-class: com.weibangong.open.openapi.springbootwebapplication
spring-boot-classes: boot-inf/classes/
spring-boot-lib: boot-inf/lib/
created-by: apache maven 3.3.9
build-jdk: 1.8.0_20
implementation-url: http://maven.apache.org/open-server-openapi

这里指定的main-class是单独打入的包中的一个类文件而不是我们的启动程序,然后manifest.mf文件有一个单独的start-class指定的是我们的应用的启动程序。

4.启动分析

首先我们找到类org.springframework.boot.loader.propertieslauncher,其中main方法为:

public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
  propertieslauncher launcher = new propertieslauncher();
  args = launcher.getargs(args);
  launcher.launch(args);
}

查看launch方法,这个方法在父类launcher中,找到父类方法launch方法,如下:

 protected void launch(string[] args, string mainclass, classloader classloader) throws exception {
  thread.currentthread().setcontextclassloader(classloader);
  this.createmainmethodrunner(mainclass, args, classloader).run();
 }
 protected mainmethodrunner createmainmethodrunner(string mainclass, string[] args, classloader classloader) {
  return new mainmethodrunner(mainclass, args);
 }

   launch方法最终调用了createmainmethodrunner方法,后者实例化了mainmethodrunner对象并运行了run方法,我们转到mainmethodrunner源码中,如下:

package org.springframework.boot.loader;
import java.lang.reflect.method;
public class mainmethodrunner {
 private final string mainclassname;
 private final string[] args;
 public mainmethodrunner(string mainclass, string[] args) {
  this.mainclassname = mainclass;
  this.args = args == null?null:(string[])args.clone();
 }
 public void run() throws exception {
  class mainclass = thread.currentthread().getcontextclassloader().loadclass(this.mainclassname);
  method mainmethod = mainclass.getdeclaredmethod("main", new class[]{string[].class});
  mainmethod.invoke((object)null, new object[]{this.args});
 }
}

查看run方法,就很怎么将spring boot的jar怎么运行起来的了,由此分析基本也就结束了。

5、main程序的启动流程

讲完了jar的启动流程,现在来讲下spring boot应用中,main程序的启动与加载流程,首先我们看一个spring boot应用的main方法。

package cn.com.devh;
import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.enablediscoveryclient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.enableeurekaclient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.enablefeignclients;
/**
 * created by xiaxuan on 17/8/25.
 */
@springbootapplication
@enablefeignclients
@enableeurekaclient
public class a1serviceapplication {
 public static void main(string[] args) {
  springapplication.run(a1serviceapplication.class, args);
 }
}

转到springapplication中的run方法,如下:

 /**
  * static helper that can be used to run a {@link springapplication} from the
  * specified source using default settings.
  * @param source the source to load
  * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a java main method)
  * @return the running {@link applicationcontext}
  */
 public static configurableapplicationcontext run(object source, string... args) {
  return run(new object[] { source }, args);
 }

 /**
  * static helper that can be used to run a {@link springapplication} from the
  * specified sources using default settings and user supplied arguments.
  * @param sources the sources to load
  * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a java main method)
  * @return the running {@link applicationcontext}
  */
 public static configurableapplicationcontext run(object[] sources, string[] args) {
  return new springapplication(sources).run(args);
 }

这里的springapplication的实例化是关键,我们转到springapplication的构造函数。

 /**
  * create a new {@link springapplication} instance. the application context will load
  * beans from the specified sources (see {@link springapplication class-level}
  * documentation for details. the instance can be customized before calling
  * {@link #run(string...)}.
  * @param sources the bean sources
  * @see #run(object, string[])
  * @see #springapplication(resourceloader, object...)
  */
 public springapplication(object... sources) {
  initialize(sources);
 }
 private void initialize(object[] sources) {
  if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
   this.sources.addall(arrays.aslist(sources));
  }
  this.webenvironment = deducewebenvironment();
  setinitializers((collection) getspringfactoriesinstances(
    applicationcontextinitializer.class));
  setlisteners((collection) getspringfactoriesinstances(applicationlistener.class));
  this.mainapplicationclass = deducemainapplicationclass();
 }

  这里的initialize方法中的deducewebenvironment()确定了当前是以web应用启动还是以普通的jar启动,如下:

 private boolean deducewebenvironment() {
  for (string classname : web_environment_classes) {
   if (!classutils.ispresent(classname, null)) {
    return false;
   }
  }
  return true;
 }

其中的web_environment_classes为:  

 private static final string[] web_environment_classes = { "javax.servlet.servlet",
   "org.springframework.web.context.configurablewebapplicationcontext" };

只要其中任何一个不存在,即当前应用以普通jar的形式启动。

然后setinitializers方法初始化了所有的applicationcontextinitializer,

/**
  * sets the {@link applicationcontextinitializer} that will be applied to the spring
  * {@link applicationcontext}.
  * @param initializers the initializers to set
  */
 public void setinitializers(
   collection<? extends applicationcontextinitializer<?>> initializers) {
  this.initializers = new arraylist<applicationcontextinitializer<?>>();
  this.initializers.addall(initializers);
 }
setlisteners((collection) getspringfactoriesinstances(applicationlistener.class))**

这一步初始化所有listener。

我们再回到之前的springapplication(sources).run(args);处,进入run方法,代码如下:

/**
  * run the spring application, creating and refreshing a new
  * {@link applicationcontext}.
  * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a java main method)
  * @return a running {@link applicationcontext}
  */
 public configurableapplicationcontext run(string... args) {
  stopwatch stopwatch = new stopwatch();
  stopwatch.start();
  configurableapplicationcontext context = null;
  configureheadlessproperty();
  springapplicationrunlisteners listeners = getrunlisteners(args);
  listeners.started();
  try {
   applicationarguments applicationarguments = new defaultapplicationarguments(
     args);
   context = createandrefreshcontext(listeners, applicationarguments);
   afterrefresh(context, applicationarguments);
   listeners.finished(context, null);
   stopwatch.stop();
   if (this.logstartupinfo) {
    new startupinfologger(this.mainapplicationclass)
      .logstarted(getapplicationlog(), stopwatch);
   }
   return context;
  }
  catch (throwable ex) {
   handlerunfailure(context, listeners, ex);
   throw new illegalstateexception(ex);
  }
 }

这一步进行上下文的创建createandrefreshcontext(listeners, applicationarguments),

private configurableapplicationcontext createandrefreshcontext(
   springapplicationrunlisteners listeners,
   applicationarguments applicationarguments) {
  configurableapplicationcontext context;
  // create and configure the environment
  configurableenvironment environment = getorcreateenvironment();
  configureenvironment(environment, applicationarguments.getsourceargs());
  listeners.environmentprepared(environment);
  if (iswebenvironment(environment) && !this.webenvironment) {
   environment = converttostandardenvironment(environment);
  }
  if (this.bannermode != banner.mode.off) {
   printbanner(environment);
  }
  // create, load, refresh and run the applicationcontext
  context = createapplicationcontext();
  context.setenvironment(environment);
  postprocessapplicationcontext(context);
  applyinitializers(context);
  listeners.contextprepared(context);
  if (this.logstartupinfo) {
   logstartupinfo(context.getparent() == null);
   logstartupprofileinfo(context);
  }
  // add boot specific singleton beans
  context.getbeanfactory().registersingleton("springapplicationarguments",
    applicationarguments);
  // load the sources
  set<object> sources = getsources();
  assert.notempty(sources, "sources must not be empty");
  load(context, sources.toarray(new object[sources.size()]));
  listeners.contextloaded(context);
  // refresh the context
  refresh(context);
  if (this.registershutdownhook) {
   try {
    context.registershutdownhook();
   }
   catch (accesscontrolexception ex) {
    // not allowed in some environments.
   }
  }
  return context;
 }
// create and configure the environment
  configurableenvironment environment = getorcreateenvironment();
  configureenvironment(environment, applicationarguments.getsourceargs());

这一步进行了环境的配置与加载。

  if (this.bannermode != banner.mode.off) {
   printbanner(environment);
  }

这一步进行了打印spring boot logo,需要更改的话,在资源文件中加入banner.txt,banner.txt改为自己需要的图案即可。

// create, load, refresh and run the applicationcontext
  context = createapplicationcontext();
return (configurableapplicationcontext) beanutils.instantiate(contextclass)

创建上下文,这一步中真正包含了是创建什么容器,并进行了响应class的实例化,其中包括了embeddedservletcontainerfactory的创建,是选择jetty还是tomcat,内容繁多,留待下一次再讲。

if (this.registershutdownhook) {
   try {
    context.registershutdownhook();
   }
   catch (accesscontrolexception ex) {
    // not allowed in some environments.
   }
  }

这一步就是当前上下文进行注册,当收到kill指令的时候进行容器的销毁等工作了。

基本到此,启动的分析就结束了,但是还有一些细节讲述起来十分耗时,这个留待后续的博文中再来讲述,今天就到这里。

6.总结

综上spring boot jar的启动流程基本就是下面几个步骤:

1、我们正常进行maven打包时,spring boot插件扩展maven生命周期,将spring boot相关package打入到jar中,这个jar中包含了应用所打出的jar以外还有spring boot启动程序相关的类文件。

2、我以前看过稍微低一些版本的spring boot的jar的启动流程,当时我记得是当前线程又起了一个新线程来运行main程序,而现在的已经改成了直接使用反射来启动main程序。

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的spring boot jar的启动原理解析,希望对大家有所帮助