3个备份系统文件并邮件发送的Shell脚本分享

1.安装mutt邮件客户端

# yum install mutt -y

2.创建脚本

# vi /etc/rc.d/mail_to_bak_daily.sh

版本一：

#!/bin/bash
# =========================================================
# 请输入，你想让备份数据放置到哪个独立的目录区
basedir=/backup/daily
# =========================================================
path=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin::/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/mysql/bin;
export path
export lang=c
# 定义数据库信息
user=root
passwd=123456
# 定义mysql备份路径
mysql_db_bak=$basedir/mysql_db_bak/$(date +%f_%h%m)
[ ! -d "$mysql_db_bak" ] && mkdir -p $mysql_db_bak
# 定义www备份路径
www_src_bak=$basedir/www_src_bak/$(date +%f_%h%m)
[ ! -d "$www_src_bak" ] && mkdir -p $www_src_bak
# 定义邮件附件路径
mail_attach_mysql=$mysql_db_bak/wordpress.sql
mail_attach_www=$www_src_bak/www.tar.bz2
# 定义邮件标题
mail_subject="www.example.com_daily_backup"
# 注：这里的标题之间的字符不能有空格，如有空格会按照邮件名发出,例如[e-mail],[e-mail] 本例以下划线代替
# 定义邮件内容
mail_content=/tmp/mail_content.txt
mail_code="send mysql_bak and www_src to you at $(date +%f_%h%m)"
# 定义邮件地址
mail_address="[e-mail]"
# 1. 备份mysql (数据库目录在/usr/local/mysql)
mysqldump -u $user -p$passwd --opt --skip-lock-tables --flush-logs --database wordpress > $mysql_db_bak/wordpress.sql
# 2.备份www源代码:
cd /usr/local
tar -jpcf $www_src_bak/www.tar.bz2 www
# 3.邮件正文
cd /tmp
echo $mail_code > $mail_content
# 4.发送附件
yum install mutt -y
cat $mail_content |mutt -s $mail_subject -a $mail_attach_mysql -a $mail_attach_www -- $mail_address
# 5.清除临时文件
cd /tmp
 rm -rf $mail_content

版本二：推荐

注：此版本将附件分开发送，对邮箱同时发送多个大附件有收不到的几率的情况，可按照如下版本重新配置

#!/bin/bash
path=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin::/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/mysql/bin;
export path
export lang=c
# 系统文件备份路径
basedir=/backup/daily
# 数据库信息
user=root
passwd=123456
# 定义mysql备份路径
mysql_db_bak=$basedir/mysql_db_bak/$(date +%f_%h%m)
if [ ! -d "$mysql_db_bak" ];
 then
  mkdir -p $mysql_db_bak
fi
# 定义www备份路径
www_src_bak=$basedir/www_src_bak/$(date +%f_%h%m)
if [ ! -d "$www_src_bak" ];
 then
  mkdir -p $www_src_bak
fi
# 备份文件
mysql_bak=$mysql_db_bak/wordpress.sql.gz
www_bak=$www_src_bak/www.tar.bz2
# 定义备份文件作为附件的数组
all_bak=($mysql_bak $www_bak)
# 邮件标题
mail_subject="www.showerlee.com_daily_backup"
# 邮件内容
mail_content_mysql="send mysql_bak at $(date +%f_%h%m)"
mail_content_www="send www_src at $(date +%f_%h%m)"
# 定义内容数组
mail_content=("$mail_content_mysql" "$mail_content_www")
# 邮件地址
mail_address="[e-mail]"
# 1. 备份mysql (数据库目录在/usr/local/mysql)
mysqldump -u $user -p$passwd --opt --skip-lock-tables --flush-logs --database wordpress | gzip > $mysql_bak
# 2.备份www源代码:
cd /usr/local
 tar -jpcf $www_bak www
# 3.发送附件
yum install mutt -y
for((i=0; i!=${#all_bak[@]}; ++i))
{
 echo ${mail_content[i]} | mutt -s $mail_subject $mail_address -a ${all_bak[i]}
}
# 4.清理mutt临时文件
cat /dev/null > ~/sent

版本三：

实现rar分割并附件发送
推荐附件超过50m的用户使用

#/bin/bash
path=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin::/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/mysql/bin;
export path
export lang=c
# 系统文件备份路径
basedir=/data/backup/daily
# 数据库信息
user=root
passwd=123456
# 安装rar
rar=$(rar | grep rar | awk '{print $1}'| sed -n '1p')
if [ $? != 0 ];then
 rar=null
fi
sys_version=$(uname -m)
rar_path="/usr/local/rar"
if [ $rar != 'rar' ];then
  if [ $sys_version == 'x86_64' ];then
    wget http://www.rarlab.com/rar/rarlinux-x64-4.2.0.tar.gz
    tar zxvf rarlinux-x64-4.2.0.tar.gz
    mv rar $rar_path
    cd $rar_path
    make
  else
    wget http://www.rarlab.com/rar/rarlinux-4.2.0.tar.gz
    tar zxvf rarlinux-4.2.0.tar.gz
    mv rar $rar_path
    cd $rar_path
    make
  fi
fi
# 定义mysql备份路径
mysql_db_bak=$basedir/mysql_db_bak/$(date +%f_%h%m)
if [ ! -d "$mysql_db_bak" ];
then
  mkdir -p $mysql_db_bak
fi
# 定义www备份路径
www_src_bak=$basedir/www_src_bak/$(date +%f_%h%m)
if [ ! -d "$www_src_bak" ];
then
  mkdir -p $www_src_bak
fi
# 备份文件
mysql_bak=$mysql_db_bak/test.sql.gz
www_bak=$www_src_bak/www.rar
www_bak_part1=$www_src_bak/www.part1.rar
www_bak_part2=$www_src_bak/www.part2.rar
www_bak_part3=$www_src_bak/www.part3.rar
# 定义附件数组
all_bak=($mysql_bak $www_bak_part1 $www_bak_part2 $www_bak_part3)
# 邮件标题
mail_subject="showerlee.com_and_yanwenbo.cn_daily_backup"
# 邮件内容
mail_content_mysql="send mysql_bak at $(date +%f_%h%m)"
mail_content_www_p1="send www_src rarball part1 at $(date +%f_%h%m)"
mail_content_www_p2="send www_src rarball part2 at $(date +%f_%h%m)"
mail_content_www_p3="send www_src rarball part3 at $(date +%f_%h%m)"
# 定义内容数组
mail_content=("$mail_content_mysql" "$mail_content_www_p1" "$mail_content_www_p2" "$mail_content_www_p3")
# 邮件地址
mail_address1="[e-mail]"
mail_address2="[e-mail]"
# 1. 备份mysql
mysqldump -u $user -p$passwd --opt --skip-lock-tables --flush-logs --database test | gzip > $mysql_bak
# 2.备份www源代码(分割若干个45m的tar包)
if [ -z $rar ];then
   exit 0
fi
cd /data
rar a -v45000k $www_bak www
# 3.发送附件
for((i=0; i!=${#all_bak[@]}; ++i))
{
if [ -f ${all_bak[i]} ]; then
  echo ${mail_content[i]} | mutt -s $mail_subject $mail_address1 $mail_address2 -a ${all_bak[i]}
else
  echo ${mail_content[i]} | mutt -s $mail_subject $mail_address1 $mail_address2 -a $www_bak
  break
fi
}
# 4.清理mutt临时文件
cat /dev/null > ~/sent
# 5.清理1个月前的备份文件
dir=/data/backup/daily/
find $dir -mtime +30 -type d -name "201*" -print |xargs -i rm -rf {} 2>/dev/null
# 6.释放系统缓存
echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

注:如果报如下错误

postdrop: warning: uid=0: file too large
sendmail: fatal: root(0): message file too big
error sending message, child exited 75 (deferred.).
could not send the message.

是由于超过系统默认发送附件大小，修改成如下大小即可（2g）

# postconf -e "message_size_limit = 2048000000"
# postconf -e "mailbox_size_limit = 2048000000"

3.执行脚本

# sh /etc/rc.d/mail_to_bak_daily.sh

注：可利用 tail -f /var/log/maillog 查看发送日志
4.测试结果如图：
注：附件较大请耐心等待