PHP类中的魔术方法(Magic Method)简明总结
1. __construct()和__destruct()
在实例被 创建/销毁 的时候被调用,都可以传递0个或多个参数。
class a { function a() { echo "build a"; } function __destruct() { echo "destroy a"; } } $obj = new a(); //unset($obj);
note:the destructor method will be called as soon as there are no other references to a particular object, or in any order during the shutdown sequence.
关于构造函数,php5.3.3开始,一个定义在某个特定的命名空间里的class中以类名命名的方法将不再被认为是构造函数。在无命名空间的类中与原来一样依旧是构造函数。如:
namespace foo; class bar { public function bar() { // treated as constructor in php 5.3.0-5.3.2 // treated as regular method as of php 5.3.3 } }
如果没有namespace foo; 那么bar()还将被当作构造函数。另外,如果存在下面的情况:
function __construct() { echo "construct a"; } function a() { echo "build a"; } function __destruct() { echo "destroy a"; } }
即既包含__construct()又包含与类名同名的函数,那么将只调用__construct()。
2. __call()和__callstatic()
当尝试调用一个不存在的方法时调用该方法。两个参数,一个是方法名,一个是被调用方法的参数数组。
class methodtest { public function __call($name, $arguments) { // note: value of $name is case sensitive. echo "calling object method '$name' " . implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>"; } public static function __callstatic($name, $arguments) { // note: value of $name is case sensitive. echo "calling static method '$name' " . implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>"; } } $obj = new methodtest; $obj->runtest('in','object','context'); methodtest::runtest('in','static','context');
其中,$arguments作为一个array传入。运行结果:
calling object method 'runtest' in object context
calling static method 'runtest' in static context
还要注意函数的作用域protected和private:
class testmagiccallmethod { public function foo() { echo __method__.php_eol."<br>"; } public function __call($method, $args) { echo __method__.php_eol."<br>"; if(method_exists($this, $method)) { $this->$method(); } } protected function bar() { echo __method__.php_eol."<br>"; } private function baz() { echo __method__.php_eol."<br>"; } } $test = new testmagiccallmethod(); $test->foo(); /** * outputs: * testmagiccallmethod::foo */ $test->bar(); /** * outputs: * testmagiccallmethod::__call * testmagiccallmethod::bar */ $test->baz(); /** * outputs: * testmagiccallmethod::__call * testmagiccallmethod::baz */
3.__get()和__set()
当试图读取一个对象并不存在的属性的时候被调用。
note:我们可以用这个函数实现类似java中反射的各种操作。
class test { public function __get($key) { echo $key . " not exists"; } public function __set($key,$value) { echo $key . " = ".$value; } } $t = new test(); echo $t->name."<br>"; $t->name = "abc";
输出:
name not exists
name = abc
4. __tostring()
这个方法类似于java的tostring()方法,当我们直接打印对象的时候回调用这个函数,函数必须返回一个string。
class test { private $name = "abc"; private $age = 12; public function __tostring() { return "name : $this->name, age : $this->age"; } } $t = new test(); echo $t;
输出:
name : abc, age : 12