Python实现爬虫抓取与读写、追加到excel文件操作示例

本文实例讲述了Python实现爬虫抓取与读写、追加到excel文件操作。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

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安装 读写excel 依赖 pip install xlwt
安装 追加excel文件内容 依赖 pip install xlutils
安装 lxml

Python示例：

import csv
import requests
from lxml import etree
import time
import xlwt
import os
from xlutils.copy import copy
import xlrd
data_infos_list = []
headers = {
  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
         '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.140 Safari/537.36'}
# f = open('C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\qiubaibook.csv', 'a+', newline='', encoding='utf-8')
# writer = csv.writer(f)
# writer.writerow(('author', 'sex', 'rank', 'content', 'great', 'comment', 'time'))
filename = 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\qiubaibook.xls'
def get_info(url):
  res = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
  selector = etree.HTML(res.text)
  # print(res.text)
  htmls = selector.xpath('//div[contains(@class,"article block untagged mb15")]')
  # // *[ @ id = "qiushi_tag_120024357"] / a[1] / div / span 内容
  # //*[@id="qiushi_tag_120024357"]/div[2]/span[1]/i 好笑
  # //*[@id="c-120024357"]/i 评论
  # //*[@id="qiushi_tag_120024357"]/div[1]/a[2]/h2 作者
  # //*[@id="qiushi_tag_120024357"]/div[1]/div 等级
  # // womenIcon manIcon 性别
  for html in htmls:
    author = html.xpath('div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()')
    if len(author) == 0:
      author = html.xpath('div[1]/span[2]/h2/text()')
    rank = html.xpath('div[1]/div/text()')
    sex = html.xpath('div[1]/div/@class')
    if len(sex) == 0:
      sex = '未知'
    elif 'manIcon' in sex[0]:
      sex = '男'
    elif 'womenIcon' in sex[0]:
      sex = '女'
    if len(rank) == 0:
      rank = '-1'
    contents = html.xpath('a[1]/div/span/text()')
    great = html.xpath('div[2]/span[1]/i/text()') # //*[@id="qiushi_tag_112746244"]/div[3]/span[1]/i
    if len(great) == 0:
      great = html.xpath('div[3]/span[1]/i/text()')
    comment = html.xpath('div[2]/span[2]/a/i/text()') # //*[@id="c-112746244"]/i
    if len(comment) == 0:
      comment = html.xpath('div[3]/span[2]/a/i/text()')
    # classes = html.xpath('a[1]/@class')
    # writer.writerow((author[0].strip(), sex, rank[0].strip(), contents[0].strip(), great[0].strip(),
    #         comment[0].strip(), time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time()))))
    data_infos = [author[0].strip(), sex, rank[0].strip(), contents[0].strip(), great[0].strip(),
           comment[0].strip(), time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time()))]
    data_infos_list.append(data_infos)
def write_data(sheet, row):
  for data_infos in data_infos_list:
    j = 0
    for data in data_infos:
      sheet.write(row, j, data)
      j += 1
    row += 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
  urls = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/{}/'.format(num) for num in range(1, 14)]
  for url in urls:
    print(url)
    get_info(url)
    time.sleep(2)
  # 如果文件存在，则追加。如果文件不存在，则新建
  if os.path.exists(filename):
    # 打开excel
    rb = xlrd.open_workbook(filename, formatting_info=True) # formatting_info=True 保留原有字体颜色等样式
    # 用 xlrd 提供的方法获得现在已有的行数
    rn = rb.sheets()[0].nrows
    # 复制excel
    wb = copy(rb)
    # 从复制的excel文件中得到第一个sheet
    sheet = wb.get_sheet(0)
    # 向sheet中写入文件
    write_data(sheet, rn)
    # 删除原先的文件
    os.remove(filename)
    # 保存
    wb.save(filename)
  else:
    header = ['author', 'sex', 'rank', 'content', 'great', 'comment', 'time']
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('糗百')
    # 向 excel 中写入表头
    for h in range(len(header)):
      sheet.write(0, h, header[h])
    # 向sheet中写入内容
    write_data(sheet, 1)
    book.save(filename)

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