Vue生命周期

程序员文章站 2023-11-08 12:03:10

Vue生命周期有时候，我们需要在实例创建过程中进行一些初始化的工作，以帮助我们完成项目中更复杂更丰富的需求开发，针对这样的需求，Vue提供给我们一系列的钩子函数。本文详细介绍了Vue实例在创建和销毁的过程中，我们可以利用的钩子函数。下面，我们结合官方文档提供的Vue实例生命周期图，来进行钩子函 ......

vue生命周期

有时候，我们需要在实例创建过程中进行一些初始化的工作，以帮助我们完成项目中更复杂更丰富的需求开发，针对这样的需求，vue提供给我们一系列的钩子函数。

本文详细介绍了vue实例在创建和销毁的过程中，我们可以利用的钩子函数。

下面，我们结合官方文档提供的vue实例生命周期图，来进行钩子函数的解析。

Vue生命周期

一、beforecreate

在实例初始化之后，数据观测 (data observer) 和 event/watcher 事件配置之前被调用。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myclick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>

        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "alex"
            },
            methods: {
                myclick: function () {
                    this.name = "pizza";
                }
            },
            beforecreate() {
                console.group("beforecreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            });
    </script>

</body>
</html>

二、created

在实例创建完成后被立即调用。在这一步，实例已完成以下的配置：数据观测 (data observer)，属性和方法的运算，watch/event 事件回调。然而，挂载阶段还没开始，$el 属性目前不可见。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myclick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>

        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "alex"
            },
            methods: {
                myclick: function () {
                    this.name = "pizza";
                }
            },
            beforecreate() {
                console.group("beforecreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            created() {
                console.group("created");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

三、beforemount

在挂载开始之前被调用：相关的 render 函数首次被调用。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myclick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>
        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "alex"
            },
            methods: {
                myclick: function () {
                    this.name = "pizza";
                }
            },
            beforecreate() {
                console.group("beforecreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            created() {
                console.group("created");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            beforemount() {
                console.group("beforemount");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

四、mounted

el 被新创建的 vm.$el 替换，并挂载到实例上去之后调用该钩子。如果 root 实例挂载了一个文档内元素，当 mounted 被调用时 vm.$el 也在文档内。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myclick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>

        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "alex"
            },
            methods: {
                myclick: function () {
                    this.name = "pizza";
                }
            },
            beforecreate() {
                console.group("beforecreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            created() {
                console.group("created");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            beforemount() {
                console.group("beforemount");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            mounted() {
                console.group("mounted");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

五、beforeupdate

数据更新时调用，发生在虚拟 dom 打补丁之前。这里适合在更新之前访问现有的 dom，比如手动移除已添加的事件监听器。

该钩子在服务器端渲染期间不被调用，因为只有初次渲染会在服务端进行

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myclick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>

        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "alex"
            },
            methods: {
                myclick: function () {
                    this.name = "pizza";
                }
            },
            beforecreate() {
                console.group("beforecreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            created() {
                console.group("created");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            beforemount() {
                console.group("beforemount");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            mounted() {
                console.group("mounted");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            beforeupdate() {
                console.group("beforeupdate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

六、updated

由于数据更改导致的虚拟 dom 重新渲染和打补丁，在这之后会调用该钩子。

当这个钩子被调用时，组件 dom 已经更新，所以你现在可以执行依赖于 dom 的操作。然而在大多数情况下，你应该避免在此期间更改状态。如果要相应状态改变，通常最好使用计算属性或 watcher取而代之。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        {{ name }}
        <button @click="myclick">点击修改数据</button>
    </div>

    <script>

        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            data: {
                name: "alex"
            },
            methods: {
                myclick: function () {
                    this.name = "pizza";
                }
            },
            beforecreate() {
                console.group("beforecreate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            created() {
                console.group("created");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            beforemount() {
                console.group("beforemount");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            mounted() {
                console.group("mounted");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            beforeupdate() {
                console.group("beforeupdate");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            },
            updated() {
                console.log("updated");
                console.log("el: ", this.$el);
                console.log("data: ", this.$data);
                console.log("name: ", this.name);
                console.log("myclick: ", this.myclick);
                console.log("innerhtml: ", document.getelementbyid("app").innerhtml);
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

七、activated

keep-alive 组件激活时调用。<keep-alive> 包裹动态组件时，会缓存不活动的组件实例，而不是销毁它们

该钩子在服务器端渲染期间不被调用。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        <app></app>
    </div>

    <script>
        let laside = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <h1>{{ message }}</h1>
                    <button @click="changedata">点击修改数据</button>
                </div>
            `,
            data () {
                return {
                    message: "hello vue!"
                }
            },
            methods: {
                changedata: function () {
                    this.mes = "pizza is here!";
                }
            },
            // 组件的创建和销毁对性能有影响
            beforedestroy () {
                console.log("beforedestroy");
            },
            destroyed () {
                console.log("destroyed");
            },
            activated () {
                console.log("activated");
            },
        };

        let app = {
            template: `
                <div >
                    <keep-alive>
                        <laside v-if="isshow"></laside>
                    </keep-alive>
                    <button @click="showhide">创建消除组件</button>
                </div>
            `,
            components: {
                "laside": laside,
            },
            methods: {
                showhide: function () {
                    this.isshow = !this.isshow;
                }
            },
            data () {
                return {
                    isshow: true,
                }
            }
        };

        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            components: {
                app,
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

七、deactivated

keep-alive 组件停用时调用。

该钩子在服务器端渲染期间不被调用。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        <app></app>
    </div>

    <script>
        let laside = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <h1>{{ mes }}</h1>
                    <button @click="changedata">点击修改数据</button>
                </div>
            `,
            data () {
                return {
                    message: "hello vue!"
                }
            },
            methods: {
                changedata: function () {
                    this.mes = "pizza is here!";
                }
            },
            // 组件的创建和销毁对性能有影响
            beforedestroy () {
                console.log("beforedestroy");
            },
            destroyed () {
                console.log("destroyed");
            },
            activated () {
                console.log("activated");
            },

            deactivated () {
                console.log("deactivated");
            }
        };

        let app = {
            template: `
                <div >
                    <keep-alive>
                        <laside v-if="isshow"></laside>
                    </keep-alive>
                    <button @click="showhide">创建消除组件</button>
                </div>
            `,
            components: {
                "laside": laside,
            },
            methods: {
                showhide: function () {
                    this.isshow = !this.isshow;
                }
            },
            data () {
                return {
                    isshow: true,
                }
            }
        };

        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            components: {
                app,
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

八、beforedestroy

实例销毁之前调用。在这一步，实例仍然完全可用。频繁的创建和销毁组件对性能的影响很大，因此可以使用activated和deactivated。

该钩子在服务器端渲染期间不被调用。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        <app></app>
    </div>

    <script>
        let laside = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <h1>{{ mes }}</h1>
                    <button @click="changedata">点击修改数据</button>
                </div>
            `,

            data () {
                return {
                    mes: "hello vue!"
                }
            },

            methods: {
                changedata: function () {
                    this.mes = "pizza is here!";
                }
            },

            // 组件的创建和销毁对性能有影响
            beforedestroy() {
                console.log("beforedestroy");
            },
        };

        let app = {
            template: `
                <div >
                    <laside v-if="isshow"></laside>
                    <button @click="showhide">创建消除组件</button>
                </div>
            `,
            components: {
                "laside": laside,
            },
            methods: {
                showhide: function () {
                    this.isshow = !this.isshow;
                }
            },
            data () {
                return {
                    isshow: true,
                }
            }
        };

        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            components: {
                app,
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

九、destroyed

vue 实例销毁后调用。调用后，vue 实例指示的所有东西都会解绑定，所有的事件监听器会被移除，所有的子实例也会被销毁。

该钩子在服务器端渲染期间不被调用。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>title</title>
    <script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

    <div id="app">
        <app></app>
    </div>

    <script>
        let laside = {
            template: `
                <div>
                    <h1>{{ mes }}</h1>
                    <button @click="changedata">点击修改数据</button>
                </div>
            `,

            data () {
                return {
                    mes: "hello vue!"
                }
            },

            methods: {
                changedata: function () {
                    this.mes = "pizza is here!";
                }
            },

            // 组件的创建和销毁对性能有影响
            beforedestroy() {
                console.log("beforedestroy");
            },

            destroyed () {
                console.log("destroyed");
            }
        };

        let app = {
            template: `
                <div >
                    <laside v-if="isshow"></laside>
                    <button @click="showhide">创建消除组件</button>
                </div>
            `,
            components: {
                "laside": laside,
            },
            methods: {
                showhide: function () {
                    this.isshow = !this.isshow;
                }
            },
            data () {
                return {
                    isshow: true,
                }
            }
        };

        new vue({
            el: "#app",
            // 在template中使用组件与在body中使用组件是一样的
            // template: `<cont></cont>`,
            components: {
                app,
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

好了，关于vue.js实例的生命周期就介绍到这里。

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Vue生命周期

vue生命周期

一、beforecreate

二、created

三、beforemount

四、mounted

五、beforeupdate

六、updated

七、activated

七、deactivated

八、beforedestroy

九、destroyed

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