ELK快速入门(二)通过logstash收集日志
elk快速入门二-通过logstash收集日志
说明
这里的环境接着上面的elk快速入门-基本部署文章继续下面的操作。
收集多个日志文件
1)logstash
配置文件编写
[root@linux-elk1 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/system-log.conf input { file { path => "/var/log/messages" type => "systemlog" start_position => "beginning" stat_interval => "3" } file { path => "/var/log/secure" type => "securelog" start_position => "beginning" stat_interval => "3" } } output { if [type] == "systemlog" { elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.1.31:9200"] index => "system-log-%{+yyyy.mm.dd}" } } if [type] == "securelog" { elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.1.31:9200"] index => "secure-log-%{+yyyy.mm.dd}" } } }
2)给日志文件赋予可读权限并重启logstash
[root@linux-elk1 ~]# chmod 644 /var/log/secure [root@linux-elk1 ~]# chmod 644 /var/log/messages [root@linux-elk1 ~]# systemctl restart logstash
3)向被收集的文件中写入数据;是为了马上能在elasticsearch
的web
界面和klbana
的web
界面里面查看到数据。
[root@linux-elk1 ~]# echo "test" >> /var/log/secure [root@linux-elk1 ~]# echo "test" >> /var/log/messages
4)在kibana
界面添加system-log
索引模式
5)在kibana
界面添加secure-log
索引模式
6)kibana
查看日志
收集tomcat和java日志
收集tomcat
服务器的访问日志以及tomcat
错误日志进行实时统计,在kibana
页面进行搜索展示,每台tomcat
服务器需要安装logstash
负责收集日志,然后将日志发给elasticsearch
进行分析,在通过kibana
在前端展示。
部署tomcat服务
说明,我这里在linux-elk2
节点上面装tomcat
1)下载并安装tomcat
[root@linux-elk2 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@linux-elk2 local]# wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.21/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.21.tar.gz [root@linux-elk2 local]# tar xvzf apache-tomcat-9.0.21.tar.gz [root@linux-elk2 local]# ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.21 /usr/local/tomcat
2)测试页面准备
[root@linux-elk2 local]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ [root@linux-elk2 webapps]# mkdir webdir [root@linux-elk2 webapps]# echo "<h1>welcome to tomcat</h1>" > /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/webdir/index.html
3)tomcat
日志转json
[root@linux-elk2 tomcat]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml <valve classname="org.apache.catalina.valves.accesslogvalve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="{"clientip":"%h","clientuser":"%l","authenticated":"%u","accesstime":"%t","method":"%r","status":"%s","sendbytes":"%b","query?string":"%q","partner":"%{referer}i","agentversion":"%{user-agent}i"}"/>
4)启动tomcat
,并进行访问测试生成日志
[root@linux-elk2 tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh [root@linux-elk2 tomcat]# ss -nlt |grep 8080 listen 0 100 :::8080 :::* [root@linux-elk2 tomcat]# ab -n100 -c100 http://192.168.1.32:8080/webdir/ [root@linux-elk2 ~]# tailf /usr/local/tomcat/logs/localhost_access_log.2019-07-05.log {"clientip":"192.168.1.32","clientuser":"-","authenticated":"-","accesstime":"[05/jul/2019:16:39:18 +0800]","method":"get /webdir/ http/1.0","status":"200","sendbytes":"27","query?string":"","partner":"-","agentversion":"apachebench/2.3"} {"clientip":"192.168.1.32","clientuser":"-","authenticated":"-","accesstime":"[05/jul/2019:16:39:18 +0800]","method":"get /webdir/ http/1.0","status":"200","sendbytes":"27","query?string":"","partner":"-","agentversion":"apachebench/2.3"} {"clientip":"192.168.1.32","clientuser":"-","authenticated":"-","accesstime":"[05/jul/2019:16:39:18 +0800]","method":"get /webdir/ http/1.0","status":"200","sendbytes":"27","query?string":"","partner":"-","agentversion":"apachebench/2.3"} {"clientip":"192.168.1.32","clientuser":"-","authenticated":"-","accesstime":"[05/jul/2019:16:39:18 +0800]","method":"get /webdir/ http/1.0","status":"200","sendbytes":"27","query?string":"","partner":"-","agentversion":"apachebench/2.3"} {"clientip":"192.168.1.32","clientuser":"-","authenticated":"-","accesstime":"[05/jul/2019:16:39:18 +0800]","method":"get /webdir/ http/1.0","status":"200","sendbytes":"27","query?string":"","partner":"-","agentversion":"apachebench/2.3"} {"clientip":"192.168.1.32","clientuser":"-","authenticated":"-","accesstime":"[05/jul/2019:16:39:18 +0800]","method":"get /webdir/ http/1.0","status":"200","sendbytes":"27","query?string":"","partner":"-","agentversion":"apachebench/2.3"} {"clientip":"192.168.1.32","clientuser":"-","authenticated":"-","accesstime":"[05/jul/2019:16:39:18 +0800]","method":"get /webdir/ http/1.0","status":"200","sendbytes":"27","query?string":"","partner":"-","agentversion":"apachebench/2.3"} {"clientip":"192.168.1.32","clientuser":"-","authenticated":"-","accesstime":"[05/jul/2019:16:39:18 +0800]","method":"get /webdir/ http/1.0","status":"200","sendbytes":"27","query?string":"","partner":"-","agentversion":"apachebench/2.3"}
5)验证日志是否为json
格式,
配置logstash收集tomcat日志
说明:如果是需要收集别的服务器上面的tomcat
日志,那么在所需要收集的服务器上面都得安装logstash
。此处是在linux-elk2
节点上面部署的tomcat
,之前安装过logstash
。
1)配置logstash
[root@linux-elk2 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tomcat.conf input { file { path => "/usr/local/tomcat/logs/localhost_access_log.*.log" type => "tomcat-access-log" start_position => "beginning" stat_interval => "2" } } output { elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.1.31:9200"] index => "logstash-tomcat-132-accesslog-%{+yyyy.mm.dd}" } file { path => "/tmp/logstash-tomcat-132-accesslog-%{+yyyy.mm.dd}" } }
2)检测配置文件语法,并重启logstash
[root@linux-elk2 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/tomcat.conf -twarning: could not find logstash.yml which is typically located in $ls_home/config or /etc/logstash. you can specify the path using --path.settings. continuing using the defaults could not find log4j2 configuration at path /usr/share/logstash/config/log4j2.properties. using default config which logs errors to the console [warn ] 2019-07-05 17:04:34.583 [logstash::runner] multilocal - ignoring the 'pipelines.yml' file because modules or command line options are specified configuration ok [root@linux-elk2 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/system-install /etc/logstash/startup.options systemd [root@linux-elk2 ~]# systemctl start logstash
3)权限修改,不然elasticsearch
界面和kibana
界面是无法查看到的
[root@linux-elk2 ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/logs/ -d drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 197 7月 5 16:36 /usr/local/tomcat/logs/ [root@linux-elk2 ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/logs/ 总用量 64 -rw-r----- 1 root root 14228 7月 5 16:36 catalina.2019-07-05.log -rw-r----- 1 root root 14228 7月 5 16:36 catalina.out -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 7月 5 16:25 host-manager.2019-07-05.log -rw-r----- 1 root root 1074 7月 5 16:36 localhost.2019-07-05.log -rw-r----- 1 root root 26762 7月 5 17:23 localhost_access_log.2019-07-05.log -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 7月 5 16:25 manager.2019-07-05.log [root@linux-elk2 ~]# chown logstash.logstash /usr/local/tomcat/logs/ -r [root@linux-elk2 ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/logs/ 总用量 64 -rw-r----- 1 logstash logstash 14228 7月 5 16:36 catalina.2019-07-05.log -rw-r----- 1 logstash logstash 14228 7月 5 16:36 catalina.out -rw-r----- 1 logstash logstash 0 7月 5 16:25 host-manager.2019-07-05.log -rw-r----- 1 logstash logstash 1074 7月 5 16:36 localhost.2019-07-05.log -rw-r----- 1 logstash logstash 26762 7月 5 17:23 localhost_access_log.2019-07-05.log -rw-r----- 1 logstash logstash 0 7月 5 16:25 manager.2019-07-05.log
4)访问elasticsearch
界面验证插件
数据浏览
5)在kibana
上添加索引模式
6)kibana
验证数据
配置logstash收集java日志
使用codec的multiline插件实现多行匹配,这是一个可以将多行进行合并的插件,而且可以使用what指定将匹配到的行与前面的行合并还是和后面的行合并,
语法格式:
input { stdin { codec => multiline { pattern => "^\[" #当遇到[开头的行时候将多行进行合并 negate => true #true为匹配成功进行操作,false为不成功进行操 what => "previous" #与上面的行合并,如果是下面的行合并就是 } } }
命令行测试输入输出:
[root@linux-elk2 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin { codec => multiline { pattern => "^\[" negate => true what => "previous" } } } output { stdout { codec => rubydebug }}' warning: could not find logstash.yml which is typically located in $ls_home/config or /etc/logstash. you can specify the path using --path.settings. continuing using the defaults could not find log4j2 configuration at path /usr/share/logstash/config/log4j2.properties. using default config which logs errors to the console [warn ] 2019-07-08 15:28:04.938 [logstash::runner] multilocal - ignoring the 'pipelines.yml' file because modules or command line options are specified [info ] 2019-07-08 15:28:04.968 [logstash::runner] runner - starting logstash {"logstash.version"=>"6.8.1"} [info ] 2019-07-08 15:28:19.167 [converge pipelineaction::create<main>] pipeline - starting pipeline {:pipeline_id=>"main", "pipeline.workers"=>1, "pipeline.batch.size"=>125, "pipeline.batch.delay"=>50} [info ] 2019-07-08 15:28:19.918 [converge pipelineaction::create<main>] pipeline - pipeline started successfully {:pipeline_id=>"main", :thread=>"#<thread:0xc8dd9a1 run>"} the stdin plugin is now waiting for input: 111111 222222 aaaaaa [44444 { "@timestamp" => 2019-07-08t07:34:48.063z, "tags" => [ [0] "multiline" ], "@version" => "1", "message" => "[12\n111111\n222222\naaaaaa", "host" => "linux-elk2.exmaple.com" } 444444 aaaaaa [77777 { "@timestamp" => 2019-07-08t07:35:51.522z, "tags" => [ [0] "multiline" ], "@version" => "1", "message" => "[44444\n444444\naaaaaa", "host" => "linux-elk2.exmaple.com" }
示例:收集elk集群日志
1)观察日志文件,elk
集群日志都是以"["
开头并且每一个信息都是如此。
[root@linux-elk2 ~]# tailf /elk/logs/elk-cluster.log [2019-07-08t11:26:37,774][info ][o.e.c.m.metadataindextemplateservice] [elk-node2] adding template [kibana_index_template:.kibana] for index patterns [.kibana] [2019-07-08t11:26:47,664][info ][o.e.c.m.metadataindextemplateservice] [elk-node2] adding template [kibana_index_template:.kibana] for index patterns [.kibana] [2019-07-08t11:33:55,150][info ][o.e.c.m.metadataindextemplateservice] [elk-node2] adding template [kibana_index_template:.kibana] for index patterns [.kibana] [2019-07-08t11:33:55,197][info ][o.e.c.m.metadatamappingservice] [elk-node2] [.kibana_1/yree-8hys8kivwnuadxaba] update_mapping [doc] [2019-07-08t11:33:55,822][info ][o.e.c.m.metadataindextemplateservice] [elk-node2] adding template [kibana_index_template:.kibana] for index patterns [.kibana] [2019-07-08t11:33:55,905][info ][o.e.c.m.metadatamappingservice] [elk-node2] [.kibana_1/yree-8hys8kivwnuadxaba] update_mapping [doc] [2019-07-08t11:33:57,026][info ][o.e.c.m.metadataindextemplateservice] [elk-node2] adding template [kibana_index_template:.kibana] for index patterns [.kibana] [2019-07-08t11:43:20,262][warn ][o.e.m.j.jvmgcmonitorservice] [elk-node2] [gc][young][8759][66] duration [1.3s], collections [1]/[1.7s], total [1.3s]/[4s], memory [176mb]->[111.6mb]/[1.9gb], all_pools {[young] [64.8mb]->[706.4kb]/[66.5mb]}{[survivor] [3.3mb]->[3mb]/[8.3mb]}{[old] [107.8mb]->[107.8mb]/[1.9gb]} [2019-07-08t11:43:20,388][warn ][o.e.m.j.jvmgcmonitorservice] [elk-node2] [gc][8759] overhead, spent [1.3s] collecting in the last [1.7s] [2019-07-08t11:44:42,955][info ][o.e.x.m.p.nativecontroller] [elk-node2] native controller process has stopped - no new native processes can be started
2)配置logstash
[root@linux-elk2 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/java.conf input { file { path => "/elk/logs/elk-cluster.log" type => "java-elk-cluster-log" start_position => "beginning" stat_interval => "2" code => multiline { pattern => "^\[" #以"["开头进行正则匹配,匹配规则 negate => "true" #正则匹配成功,false匹配不成功 what => "previous" #和前面的内容进行合并,如果是和下面的合并就是next } } } output { if [type] == "java-elk-cluster-log" { elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.1.31:9200"] index => "java-elk-cluster-log-%{+yyyy.mm.dd}" } } }
3)检查配置文件语法是否有误并重启logstash
[root@linux-elk2 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/java.conf -t warning: could not find logstash.yml which is typically located in $ls_home/config or /etc/logstash. you can specify the path using --path.settings. continuing using the defaults could not find log4j2 configuration at path /usr/share/logstash/config/log4j2.properties. using default config which logs errors to the console [warn ] 2019-07-08 15:49:51.996 [logstash::runner] multilocal - ignoring the 'pipelines.yml' file because modules or command line options are specified configuration ok [info ] 2019-07-08 15:50:04.438 [logstash::runner] runner - using config.test_and_exit mode. config validation result: ok. exiting logstash [root@linux-elk2 ~]# systemctl restart logstash
4)访问elasticsearch
界面验证数据
5)在kibana
上添加索引验证模式
6)kibana
验证数据
收集nginx访问日志
收集nginx
的json
访问日志,这里为了测试,是在一台新的服务器上面安装了nginx
和logstash
1)安装nginx并准备一个测试页面
[root@node01 ~]# yum -y install nginx [root@node01 ~]# echo "<h1>whelcom to nginx server</h1>" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html [root@node01 ~]# systemctl start nginx [root@node01 ~]# curl localhost <h1>whelcom to nginx server</h1>
2)将nginx日志转换成json格式
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf log_format access_json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",' '"host":"$server_addr",' '"clientip":"$remote_addr",' '"size":$body_bytes_sent,' '"responsetime":$request_time,' '"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",' '"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",' '"http_host":"$host",' '"url":"$uri",' '"domain":"$host",' '"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",' '"referer":"$http_referer",' '"status":"$status"}'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log access_json; [root@node01 ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
3)访问一次,确认日志为json
格式
[root@node01 ~]# tail /var/log/nginx/access.log {"@timestamp":"2019-07-09t11:21:28+08:00","host":"192.168.1.30","clientip":"192.168.1.144","size":33,"responsetime":0.000,"upstreamtime":"-","upstreamhost":"-","http_host":"192.168.1.30","url":"/index.html","domain":"192.168.1.30","xff":"-","referer":"-","status":"200"}
4)安装logstash
并配置收集nginx
日志
#将logstash软件包copy到nginx服务器上 [root@linux-elk1 ~]# scp logstash-6.8.1.rpm 192.168.1.30:/root/ #安装logstash [root@node01 ~]# yum -y localinstall logstash-6.8.1.rpm #生成logstash.service启动文件 [root@node01 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/system-install /etc/logstash/startup.options systemd #将logstash启动用户更改为root,不然可能会导致收集不到日志 [root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/systemd/system/logstash.service user=root group=root [root@node01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx.conf input { file { path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log" type => "nginx-accesslog" start_position => "beginning" stat_interval => "2" codec => json } } output { if [type] == "nginx-accesslog" { elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.1.31:9200"] index => "logstash-nginx-accesslog-30-%{+yyyy.mm.dd}" } } }
5)检查配置文件语法是否有误并重启logstash
[root@node01 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx.conf -t warning: could not find logstash.yml which is typically located in $ls_home/config or /etc/logstash. you can specify the path using --path.settings. continuing using the defaults could not find log4j2 configuration at path /usr/share/logstash/config/log4j2.properties. using default config which logs errors to the console [warn ] 2019-07-09 11:26:04.277 [logstash::runner] multilocal - ignoring the 'pipelines.yml' file because modules or command line options are specified configuration ok [info ] 2019-07-09 11:26:09.055 [logstash::runner] runner - using config.test_and_exit mode. config validation result: ok. exiting logstash [root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart logstash
6)在kibana
上添加索引验证模式
7)在kibana
上验证数据,可以通过添加筛选,让日志更加了然名目
收集tcp/udp日志
通过logstash
的tcp/udp
插件收集日志,通常用于在向elasticsearch
日志补录丢失的部分日志,可以将丢失的日志通过一个tcp
端口直接写入到elasticsearch
服务器。
进行收集测试
1)logstash配置
[root@linux-elk1 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tcp.conf input { tcp { port => 9889 type => "tcplog" mode => "server" } } output { stdout { codec => rubydebug } }
2)验证端口是否启动成功
[root@linux-elk1 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/tcp.conf warning: could not find logstash.yml which is typically located in $ls_home/config or /etc/logstash. you can specify the path using --path.settings. continuing using the defaults could not find log4j2 configuration at path /usr/share/logstash/config/log4j2.properties. using default config which logs errors to the console [warn ] 2019-07-09 18:12:07.538 [logstash::runner] multilocal - ignoring the 'pipelines.yml' file because modules or command line options are specified [info ] 2019-07-09 18:12:07.551 [logstash::runner] runner - starting logstash {"logstash.version"=>"6.8.1"} [info ] 2019-07-09 18:12:14.416 [converge pipelineaction::create<main>] pipeline - starting pipeline {:pipeline_id=>"main", "pipeline.workers"=>2, "pipeline.batch.size"=>125, "pipeline.batch.delay"=>50} [info ] 2019-07-09 18:12:14.885 [converge pipelineaction::create<main>] pipeline - pipeline started successfully {:pipeline_id=>"main", :thread=>"#<thread:0x240c27a6 sleep>"} [info ] 2019-07-09 18:12:14.911 [[main]<tcp] tcp - starting tcp input listener {:address=>"0.0.0.0:9889", :ssl_enable=>"false"} [info ] 2019-07-09 18:12:14.953 [ruby-0-thread-1: /usr/share/logstash/lib/bootstrap/environment.rb:6] agent - pipelines running {:count=>1, :running_pipelines=>[:main], :non_running_pipelines=>[]} [info ] 2019-07-09 18:12:15.223 [api webserver] agent - successfully started logstash api endpoint {:port=>9600} # 新开一个终端验证端口 [root@linux-elk1 ~]# netstat -nlutp |grep 9889 tcp6 0 0 :::9889 :::* listen 112455/java
3)在别的服务器通过nc命令进行测试,查看logstash是否收到数据
# echo "nc test" | nc 192.168.1.31 9889 #在另外一台服务器上执行 # 在上面启动logstash的那个终端查看 { "message" => "nc test", "host" => "192.168.1.30", "type" => "tcplog", "@version" => "1", "@timestamp" => 2019-07-09t10:16:48.139z, "port" => 37102 }
4)通过nc命令发送一个文件,查看logstash收到的数据
# nc 192.168.1.31 9889 < /etc/passwd #同样在上面执行nc那台服务器上执行 # 同样还是在上面启动logstash的那个终端查看 { "message" => "mysql:x:27:27:mariadb server:/var/lib/mysql:/sbin/nologin", "host" => "192.168.1.30", "type" => "tcplog", "@version" => "1", "@timestamp" => 2019-07-09t10:18:29.186z, "port" => 37104 } { "message" => "logstash:x:989:984:logstash:/usr/share/logstash:/sbin/nologin", "host" => "192.168.1.30", "type" => "tcplog", "@version" => "1", "@timestamp" => 2019-07-09t10:18:29.187z, "port" => 37104 }
5)通过伪设备的方式发送消息:
在类unix操作系统中,设备节点并不一定要对应物理设备。没有这种对应关系的设备是伪设备。操作系统运用了它们提供的多种功能,tcp只是dev下面众多伪设备当中的一种设备。
# echo "伪设备" >/dev/tcp/192.168.1.31/9889 #同样在上面执行nc那台服务器上执行 # 同样还是在上面启动logstash的那个终端查看 { "message" => "伪设备", "host" => "192.168.1.30", "type" => "tcplog", "@version" => "1", "@timestamp" => 2019-07-09t10:21:32.487z, "port" => 37106 }
6)将输出更改到elasticsearch
[root@linux-elk1 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tcp.conf input { tcp { port => 9889 type => "tcplog" mode => "server" } } output { elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.1.31:9200"] index => "logstash-tcp-log-%{+yyyy.mm.dd}" } }
7)通过nc命令或伪设备输入日志
# echo "伪设备 1" >/dev/tcp/192.168.1.31/9889 # echo "伪设备 2" >/dev/tcp/192.168.1.31/9889
8)在kibana界面创建索引模式
9)验证数据
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