Asp.NETCore让FromServices回来
起因
这两天,我忽然有点怀念 asp.net mvc 5 之前的时代,原因是我看到项目里面有这么一段代码(其实不止一段,几乎每个 controller 都是)
[route("home")] [apicontroller] public class homecontroller : controllerbase { private readonly iconfiguration configuration; private readonly ihostingenvironment environment; private readonly carservice carservice; private readonly postservices postservices; private readonly tokenservice tokenservice; private readonly topicservice topicservice; private readonly userservice userservice; public homecontroller(iconfiguration configuration, ihostingenvironment environment, carservice carservice, postservices postservices, tokenservice tokenservice, topicservice topicservice, userservice userservice) { this.configuration = configuration; this.environment = environment; this.carservice = carservice; this.postservices = postservices; this.tokenservice = tokenservice; this.topicservice = topicservice; this.userservice = userservice; } [httpget("index")] public actionresult<string> index() { return "hello world!"; } }
在构造函数里面声明了一堆依赖注入的实例,外面还得声明相应的接收字段,使用代码克隆扫描,零零散散的充斥在各个 controller 的构造函数中。在 asp.net mvc 5 之前,我们可以把上面的代码简化为下面的形式:
[route("home")] [apicontroller] public class homecontroller : controllerbase { [fromservices] public iconfiguration configuration { get; set; } [fromservices] public ihostingenvironment environment { get; set; } [fromservices] public carservice carservice { get; set; } [fromservices] public postservices postservices { get; set; } [fromservices] public tokenservice tokenservice { get; set; } [fromservices] public topicservice topicservice { get; set; } [fromservices] public userservice userservice { get; set; } public homecontroller() { } [httpget("index")] public actionresult<string> index() { return "hello world!"; } }
但是,在 .netcore 中,上面的这断代码是会报错的,原因就是特性:fromservicesattribute 只能应用于 attributetargets.parameter,导航到 fromservicesattribute 查看源码
namespace microsoft.aspnetcore.mvc { /// <summary> /// specifies that an action parameter should be bound using the request services. /// </summary> /// <example> /// in this example an implementation of iproductmodelrequestservice is registered as a service. /// then in the getproduct action, the parameter is bound to an instance of iproductmodelrequestservice /// which is resolved from the request services. /// /// <code> /// [httpget] /// public productmodel getproduct([fromservices] iproductmodelrequestservice productmodelrequest) /// { /// return productmodelrequest.value; /// } /// </code> /// </example> [attributeusage(attributetargets.parameter, allowmultiple = false, inherited = true)] public class fromservicesattribute : attribute, ibindingsourcemetadata { /// <inheritdoc /> public bindingsource bindingsource => bindingsource.services; } }
那么问题来了,attributeusage 是什么时候移除了 attributetargets.property 呢?答案是:2015年11月17日,是一个叫做 pranav k 的哥们革了 fromserviceattribute 的命,下面是他的代码提交记录
limit [fromservices] to apply only to parameters
https://github.com/aspnet/mvc/commit/2a89caed05a1bc9f06d32e15d984cd21598ab6fb
这哥们的 commit message 很简洁:限制 fromservices 仅作用于 parameters 。高手过招,人狠话不多,刀刀致命!从此,广大 .netcore 开发者告别了属性注入。经过我不懈努力的搜索后,发现其实在 pranav k 提交代码两天后,他居然自己开了一个 issue,你说气人不?
关于废除 fromservices 的讨论
https://github.com/aspnet/mvc/issues/3578
在这个贴子里面,许多开发者表达了自己的不满,我还看到了有人像我一样,表达了自己想要一个简洁的构造函数的这样朴素的请求;但是,对于属性注入可能导致滥用的问题也产生了激烈的讨论,还有属性注入要求成员必须标记为 public 这些硬性要求,不得不说,这个帖子成功的引起了人们的注意,但是很明显,作者不打算修改 fromservices 支持属性注入。
自己动手,丰衣足食
没关系,官方没有自带的话,我们自己动手做一个也是一样的效果,在此之前,我们还应该关注另外一种从 service 中获取实例的方式,就是常见的通过 httpcontext 请求上下文获取服务实例的方式:
var obj = httpcontext.requestservices.getservice(typeof(type));
上面的这种方式,其实是反模式的,官方也建议尽量避免使用,说完了废话,就自动动手撸一个属性注入特性类:propertyfromserviceattribute
[attributeusage(attributetargets.property, allowmultiple = false, inherited = true)] public class propertyfromserviceattribute : attribute, ibindingsourcemetadata { public bindingsource bindingsource => bindingsource.services; }
没有多余的代码,就是标记为 attributetargets.property 即可
应用到类成员
[route("home")] [apicontroller] public class homecontroller : controllerbase { [propertyfromservice] public iconfiguration configuration { get; set; } [propertyfromservice] public ihostingenvironment environment { get; set; } [propertyfromservice] public carservice carservice { get; set; } [propertyfromservice] public postservices postservices { get; set; } [propertyfromservice] public tokenservice tokenservice { get; set; } [propertyfromservice] public topicservice topicservice { get; set; } [propertyfromservice] public userservice userservice { get; set; } public homecontroller() { } [httpget("index")] public actionresult<string> index() { return "hello world!"; } }
请大声的回答,上面的代码是不是非常的干净整洁!但是,像上面这样使用属性注入有一个小问题,在对象未初始化之前,该属性为 null,意味着在类的构造函数中,该成员变量不可用,不过不要紧,这点小问题完全可用通过在构造函数中注入解决;更重要的是,并非每个实例都需要在构造函数中使用,是吧。
示例代码
托管在 github 上了 https://github.com/lianggx/examples/tree/master/ron.di
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