CentOS7编译安装新版LNMP环境

由于公司要求需要最新版的zabbix2.4.4需要最新版的系统centos7和新版的lnmp环境，所以本人摸索着使用新版的环境搭建了lnmp系统，环境版本如下：

• 系统：centos 7 x86_64
• nginx：nginx-1.7.12
• 数据库：mariadb-10.0.13
• php：php-5.5.23

首先做一些准备工作，先把centos7的防火墙更换成iptables，可以参见如下链接

centos7防火墙设置iptables

修改成iptables之后就可以清空iptables里面的过滤规则了，然后再关闭selinux服务。记得不要忘了先安装gcc gcc-c++ wget net-tools等功能哦。

首先安装mariadb

应为数据库编译需要很长时间，所以我这里下载的是已经编译好了的二进制包，下载版本为 mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz 

1、下载二进制包到/usr/local/src 目录下：

[root@centos74 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos74 src]# wget ]

2、将压缩包解压到/usr/local 目录下：

[code][root@centos74 src]# tar zvxf mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz -c /usr/local/

3、创建mariadb 数据初始化目录/data/mysql:

[root@centos74 src]# mkdir -p /data/mysql

4、添加系统用户mysql,禁止登陆系统，同时，将mariadb 数据初始化目录所属主和组都修改为mysql:

[root@centos74 src]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql ;chown -r mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

5、重命名解压出来的mariadb 目录：

[root@centos74 src]# mv /usr/local/mariadb-10.0.13-linux-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

6、进入重命名后的目录，初始化mariadb:

[root@centos74 src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@centos74 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql
installing mariadb/mysql system tables in '/data/mysql' ...
140906 2:03:19 [note] innodb: using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
140906 2:03:19 [note] innodb: the innodb memory heap is disabled
140906 2:03:19 [note] innodb: mutexes and rw_locks use gcc atomic builtins
140906 2:03:19 [note] innodb: compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140906 2:03:19 [note] innodb: using linux native aio
140906 2:03:19 [note] innodb: using cpu crc32 instructions
140906 2:03:19 [note] innodb: initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0m
........................................................................
the latest information about mariadb is available at http://mariadb.org/.
you can find additional information about the mysql part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
support mariadb development by buying support/new features from
skysql ab. you can contact us about this at [e-mail].
alternatively consider joining our community based development effort:
http://mariadb.com/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/

报错：warning: the host 'test4' could not be looked up with resolveip.
解决办法：vim /etc/hosts 在最后一行添加192.168.1.242 test4

报错：./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: no such file or directory
解决办法：yum -y install libaio-devel libaio

7、复制配置文件到/etc目录覆盖之前的my.cnf:

[root@centos74 mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y

8、复制mysql 启动脚本文件到/etc/init.d 目录下并重命名为mysqld:

[root@centos74 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

同时修改启动脚本的权限为755：

[root@centos74 mysql]# chmod 755 !$
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

9、编辑启动脚本，定义datadir 路径：

[root@centos74 mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

定义数据存放路径：
datadir=/data/mysql

10、将mariadb自带命令放入$path

[root@localhost ~]# path=$path:/etc/init.d/#当前有效，重启shell就失效
[root@localhost ~]# echo "export path=$path:/etc/init.d/" >>/etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# echo "export path=$path:/usr/local/mysql/bin/" >>/etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# source !$

11、启动mariadb:

[root@centos74 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

starting mysql. success!

第二步，开始安装php

这里要先声明一下，针对nginx的php安装和针对apache的php安装是有区别的，因为nginx中的php是以fastcgi的方式结合nginx的，可以理解为nginx代理了php的fastcgi，而apache是把php作为自己的模块来调用的。同样的，php官方下载地址:

下载php

[rot@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# wget http://am1.php.net/distributions/php-5.5.23.tar.gz

解压php

[root@localhost src]# tar zxf php-5.5.23.tar.gz

创建相关账户

[root@localhost src]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm

配置编译参数

[root@localhost src]# cd php-5.5.23
[root@localhost src]# yum -y install gcc make gd-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel
[root@localhost php-5.5.23]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=mysqlnd  --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --enable-bcmath --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --with-gd --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local --with-gettext

错误：configure: error: xml2-config not found. please check your libxml2 installation.
解决办法：yum -y install libxml2-devel

错误：configure: error: please reinstall the libcurl distribution -easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/
解决办法：yum -y install libcurl-devel

错误：configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.
解决办法：yum -y install libjpeg-turbo-devel


错误：configure: error: png.h not found.
解决办法：yum -y install libpng-devel

错误：configure: error: freetype-config not found.
解决办法：configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. please reinstall libmcrypt.

错误：configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. please reinstall libmcrypt.
解决办法：yum -y install libmcrypt-devel

安装php

[root@localhost php-5.3.27]# make && make install

以上每一个步骤，如果没有完全执行正确，那么下一步是无法进行的，使用 echo $? 看结果是否为 “0” , 如果不是，就是没有执行正确。

修改配置文件

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

把如下内容写入该文件:

[global]
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024

保存配置文件后，检验配置是否正确的方法为:

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t


如果出现诸如 “test is successful” 字样，说明配置没有问题。

启动php-fpm

cp /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
service php-fpm start

如果想让它开机启动，执行:

chkconfig php-fpm on


检测是否启动:

ps aux |grep php-fpm


看看是不是有很多个进程（大概20多个）。

安装nginx

下载nginx

cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.12.tar.gz

解压nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.7.12.tar.gz


配置编译参数

cd nginx-1.7.12
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-pcre

报错：./configure: error: the http rewrite module requires the pcre library.
解决办法：yum -y install pcre-devel

报错：./configure: error: the http gzip module requires the zlib library.
解决办法：yum install -y zlib-devel

编译nginx

make

安装nginx

make install

编写nginx启动脚本，并加入系统服务

vim /etc/init.d/nginx


写入如下内容:

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# source function library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# nginx settings

nginx_sbin="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx_conf="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx_pid="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
retval=0
prog="nginx"

start() {
    echo -n $"starting $prog: "
    mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    daemon $nginx_sbin -c $nginx_conf
    retval=$?
    echo
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"stopping $prog: "
    killproc -p $nginx_pid $nginx_sbin -term
    rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    retval=$?
    echo
    return $retval
}

reload(){
    echo -n $"reloading $prog: "
    killproc -p $nginx_pid $nginx_sbin -hup
    retval=$?
    echo
    return $retval
}

restart(){
    stop
    start
}

configtest(){
  $nginx_sbin -c $nginx_conf -t
  return 0
}

case "$1" in
 start)
    start
    ;;
 stop)
    stop
    ;;
 reload)
    reload
    ;;
 restart)
    restart
    ;;
 configtest)
    configtest
    ;;
 *)
    echo $"usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
    retval=1
esac

exit $retval

保存后，更改权限:

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx

如果想开机启动，请执行:

chkconfig nginx on

更改nginx配置

首先把原来的配置文件清空:

> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

“>” 这个符号为重定向的意思，单独用它，可以把一个文本文档快速清空。

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

写入如下内容:

user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 6000;
}

http
{
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
  server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
  log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
  '$host "$request_uri" $status'
  '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  keepalive_timeout 30;
  client_header_timeout 3m;
  client_body_timeout 3m;
  send_timeout 3m;
  connection_pool_size 256;
  client_header_buffer_size 1k;
  large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
  request_pool_size 4k;
  output_buffers 4 32k;
  postpone_output 1460;
  client_max_body_size 10m;
  client_body_buffer_size 256k;
  client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
  proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
  fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
  fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 8k;
  gzip_comp_level 5;
  gzip_http_version 1.1;
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;

server
{
  listen 80;
  server_name localhost;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  root /usr/local/nginx/html;

  location ~ \.php$ {
    include fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param script_filename /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
  }

}

}

保存配置后，先检验一下配置文件是否有错误存在:

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果显示内容如下，则配置正确，否则需要根据错误提示修改配置文件:

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

启动nginx:

service nginx start

如果不能启动，请查看 “/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log” 文件，检查nginx是否启动:

ps aux |grep nginx

看是否有进程。

测试是否解析php文件

创建测试文件:

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/2.php

内容如下:

<?php echo phpinfo();?>

测试:

[root@localhost nginx]# curl localhost/2.php

或者使用浏览器打开http://yourserveripaddress/2.php

重要：如果解析不了，检查日志发现连接不到php，我的php版本为5.5.23，比较新的版本，需要在php/etc/php-fpm.conf文件中添加

listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody

这两行，再重启一下服务就能使用php了

原因是/tmp/php-fcgi.sock这个文件没有读权限

至此，最新版的lnmp环境源码编译安装完成了