Shell脚本传递参数的3种方法比较

#!/bin/bash
#extracting command text_text_text_line options as parameters

help_info(){
  echo "name"
  echo "\t$0"
  echo "synopsis"
  echo "\t$0 is a shell test about process options"
  echo "description"
  echo "\toption like -a -b param1 -c param2 -d"
}

if [ $# -lt 0 ]
then
  help_info
fi

nomal_opts_act()
{
  echo -e "\n### nomal_opts_act ###\n"

  while [ -n "$1" ]
  do
  case "$1" in 
    -a)
      echo "found the -a option"
      ;;
    -b)
      echo "found the -b option"
      echo "the parameter follow -b is $2" 
      shift
      ;;
    -c)
      echo "found the -c option"
      echo "the parameter follow -c is $2"
      shift
      ;;
    -d)
      echo "found the -d option"
      ;;
     *)
       echo "$1 is not an option"
      ;;
  esac
  shift
  done
}

#用shell命令自建的选项解析，可以按照自己的想法实现
#优点：自己定制，没有做不到，只有想不到
#缺点：麻烦

getopt_act()
{
  echo -e "\n### getopt_act ###\n"

  getoptout=`getopt ab:c:d "$@"`
  set -- $getoptout 
  while [ -n "$1" ] 
  do
  case $1 in 
    -a)
      echo "found the -a option"
      ;;
    -b)
      echo "found the -b option"
      echo "the parameter follow -b is "$2""
      shift
      ;;
    -c)
      echo "found the -c option"
      echo "the parameter follow -c is "$2""
      shift
      ;;
    -d)
      echo "found the -d option"
      ;;
    --)
      shift
      break
      ;;
     *)
       echo "unknow option: "$1""
      ;;
  esac
  shift
  done

  param_index=1
  for param in "$@"
  do
    echo "parameter $param_index:$param"
    param_index=$[ $param_index + 1 ] 
  done
}

#用getopt命令解析选项和参数
#优点：相对与getopts来说是个半自动解析，自动组织选项和参数，用 -- 符号将选项与参数隔开
#缺点：相对于getopts的缺点
#1.需要与set -- 命令配合，不是必须，需要手动shift
#2.选项参数中不支持空格如 -a -b dog -c "earth moon" -d -f param1 param2 就会解析错误

getopts_act()
{
  echo -e "\n### getopts_act ###\n"
  while getopts :ab:c:d args
  do
  case $args in 
    a)
      echo "found the -a option"
      ;;
    b)
      echo "found the -b option"
      echo "the parameter follow -b is $optarg"
      ;;
    c)
      echo "found the -c option"
      echo "the parameter follow -c is $optarg"
      ;;
    d)
      echo "found the -d option"
      ;;
     *)
       echo "unknow option: $args"
      ;;
  esac
  done

  shift $[ $optind -1 ] 
  param_index=1
  for param in "$@"
  do
    echo "parameter $param_index:$param"
    param_index=$[ $param_index + 1 ] 
  done
}

#getopts 命令解析选项和参数
#优点：可在参数中包含空格如：-c "earth moon"
#      选项字母和参数值之间可以没有空格如：-bdog
#      可将未定义的选项绑定到?输出
#      unknow option: ?

nomal_opts_act -a -b dog -c earth -d -f param1 param2
getopts_act -a -b dog -c "earth moon" -d -f param1 param2
getopt_act -a -b dog -c earth -d -f param1 param2