NodeJS express 项目环境搭建/目录结构生成 express-generator

Intro

两种方式，node自己就有模块用于自动生成使用express框架的开发环境，叫expresss-generator，
另外，Debian系的Linux发行版上也有一个node-express-generator工具，安装即可使用。

NodeJS express-generator

命令

npm ll -g express express-generator 先查询全局是否已经安装
npm install -g [e-mail] [e-mail] 安装这两个模块(使用@可以指定版本)
npm ll -g express express-generator 再次查询安装情况

which express 查询在命令行直接调用express命令，是哪个位置的命令。
llwhich express`` 查看该程序文件的具体信息(如大小、文件链接源)

可以看到，这实际上是express-generator替我们安装的一个命令工具(见执行过程)。
express --help 查看帮助信息

express /tmp/foo && cd /tmp/foo 使用express-generator中的express
/tmp/foo 查看生成目录的结构层次

如果想卸载这两个模块：npm uninstall -g express express-generator

执行过程

[e-mail]:~$ npm ll -g express express-generator

│ /opt/node/lib
│ 
└── (empty)

[e-mail]:~$ npm install -g [e-mail] [e-mail]
npm WARN deprecated [e-mail]: Legacy versions of mkdirp are no longer supported. Please update to mkdirp 1.x. (Note that the API surface has changed to use Promises in 1.x.)
/opt/node/bin/express -> /opt/node/lib/node_modules/express-generator/bin/express-cli.js
+ [e-mail]
+ [e-mail]
added 60 packages from 42 contributors in 3.309s
[e-mail]:~$ npm ll -g express express-generator

│ /opt/node/lib
│ 
├── [e-mail] 
│   Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework
│   git+https://github.com/expressjs/express.git
│   http://expressjs.com/
└── [e-mail] 
    Express' application generator
    git+https://github.com/expressjs/generator.git
    https://github.com/expressjs/generator#readme

[e-mail]:~$ 
[e-mail]:~$ which express
/opt/node/bin/express
[e-mail]:~$ ll `which express`
lrwxrwxrwx 1 wuyujin wuyujin 56 4月   6 21:23 /opt/node/bin/express -> ../lib/node_modules/express-generator/bin/express-cli.js*
[e-mail]:~$ 
[e-mail]:~$ express --help

  Usage: express [options] [dir]

  Options:

        --version        output the version number
    -e, --ejs            add ejs engine support
        --pug            add pug engine support
        --hbs            add handlebars engine support
    -H, --hogan          add hogan.js engine support
    -v, --view <engine>  add view <engine> support (dust|ejs|hbs|hjs|jade|pug|twig|vash) (defaults to jade)
        --no-view        use static html instead of view engine
    -c, --css <engine>   add stylesheet <engine> support (less|stylus|compass|sass) (defaults to plain css)
        --git            add .gitignore
    -f, --force          force on non-empty directory
    -h, --help           output usage information
[e-mail]:~$ 
[e-mail]:~$ express /tmp/foo && cd /tmp/foo

  warning: the default view engine will not be jade in future releases
  warning: use `--view=jade' or `--help' for additional options


   create : /tmp/foo/
   create : /tmp/foo/public/
   create : /tmp/foo/public/javascripts/
   create : /tmp/foo/public/images/
   create : /tmp/foo/public/stylesheets/
   create : /tmp/foo/public/stylesheets/style.css
   create : /tmp/foo/routes/
   create : /tmp/foo/routes/index.js
   create : /tmp/foo/routes/users.js
   create : /tmp/foo/views/
   create : /tmp/foo/views/error.jade
   create : /tmp/foo/views/index.jade
   create : /tmp/foo/views/layout.jade
   create : /tmp/foo/app.js
   create : /tmp/foo/package.json
   create : /tmp/foo/bin/
   create : /tmp/foo/bin/www

   change directory:
     $ cd /tmp/foo

   install dependencies:
     $ npm install

   run the app:
     $ DEBUG=foo:* npm start

[e-mail]:/tmp/foo$ tree /tmp/foo
/tmp/foo
├── app.js
├── bin
│   └── www
├── package.json
├── public
│   ├── images
│   ├── javascripts
│   └── stylesheets
│       └── style.css
├── routes
│   ├── index.js
│   └── users.js
└── views
    ├── error.jade
    ├── index.jade
    └── layout.jade

7 directories, 9 files
[e-mail]:/tmp/foo$ 

Linux node-express-generator

如果你使用的是Debian系的Linux发行版，也可以在系统的层面装一个工具node-express-generator。

命令

sudo apt-get install node-express-generator
dpkg -L node-express-generator | grep bin 定位安装好的可执行文件的路径(一般在bin目录中)
which express
whatis express
express --help
express /tmp/foo
tree /tmp/foo 查看生成的目标目录的层次结构

如果想要卸载系统层面的node-express-generator工具：
sudo apt-get remove --purge node-express-generator 卸载并清除(purge)配置文件

执行过程

[e-mail]:~$ dpkg -L node-express-generator | grep bin
/usr/lib/nodejs/express-generator/bin
/usr/lib/nodejs/express-generator/bin/express
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/express
[e-mail]:~$ which express
/usr/bin/express
[e-mail]:~$ whatis express
express (1)          - the quickest way to start using express framework
[e-mail]:~$ express --help

  Usage: express [options] [dir]


  Options:

    -V, --version       output the version number
    -e, --ejs           add ejs engine support (defaults to jade)
    -H, --hogan         add hogan.js engine support
    -c, --css <engine>  add stylesheet <engine> support (less|stylus|compass) (defaults to plain css)
    -f, --force         force on non-empty directory
    -h, --help          output usage information
[e-mail]:~$ express /tmp/foo

   create : /tmp/foo
   create : /tmp/foo/package.json
   create : /tmp/foo/app.js
(node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
(node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
   create : /tmp/foo/public
   create : /tmp/foo/public/stylesheets
   create : /tmp/foo/public/stylesheets/style.css
(node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
   create : /tmp/foo/routes
   create : /tmp/foo/routes/index.js
   create : /tmp/foo/routes/users.js
(node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
(node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
   create : /tmp/foo/views
   create : /tmp/foo/views/index.jade
   create : /tmp/foo/views/layout.jade
   create : /tmp/foo/views/error.jade
(node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
(node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
(node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
   create : /tmp/foo/bin
   create : /tmp/foo/bin/www
(node:11737) [DEP0013] DeprecationWarning: Calling an asynchronous function without callback is deprecated.
   create : /tmp/foo/public/javascripts
   create : /tmp/foo/public/images

   install dependencies:
     $ cd /tmp/foo && npm install

   run the app:
     $ DEBUG=my-application ./bin/www

[e-mail]:~$ tree /tmp/foo
/tmp/foo
├── app.js
├── bin
│   └── www
├── package.json
├── public
│   ├── images
│   ├── javascripts
│   └── stylesheets
│       └── style.css
├── routes
│   ├── index.js
│   └── users.js
└── views
    ├── error.jade
    ├── index.jade
    └── layout.jade

7 directories, 9 files
[e-mail]:~$ 

运行和访问

npm install 安装模块
npm start 启动服务
然后访问localhost:3000即可。3000是默认的端口。curl localhost:3000

Recommend

NodeJS + express + express-generator
毕竟二者都是Node的模块，管理、学习和使用起来都会更方便。