欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识！
您现在的位置是： 首页  >  IT编程

scrapy爬虫完整实例

程序员文章站 2023-02-19 18:42:15
本文主要通过实例介绍了scrapy框架的使用，分享了两个例子，爬豆瓣文本例程 douban 和图片例程 douban_imgs ，具体如下。 例程1： douban 目...

本文主要通过实例介绍了scrapy框架的使用，分享了两个例子，爬豆瓣文本例程 douban 和图片例程 douban_imgs ，具体如下。

例程1： douban

目录树

douban
--douban
 --spiders
  --__init__.py
  --bookspider.py
  --douban_comment_spider.py
  --doumailspider.py
 --__init__.py
 --items.py
 --pipelines.py
 --settings.py
--scrapy.cfg

–spiders–init.py

# This package will contain the spiders of your Scrapy project
#
# Please refer to the documentation for information on how to create and manage
# your spiders.

bookspider.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''by sudo rm -rf http://imchenkun.com'''
import scrapy
from douban.items import DoubanBookItem


class BookSpider(scrapy.Spider):
  name = 'douban-book'
  allowed_domains = ['douban.com']
  start_urls = [
    'https://book.douban.com/top250'
  ]

  def parse(self, response):
    # 请求第一页
    yield scrapy.Request(response.url, callback=self.parse_next)

    # 请求其它页
    for page in response.xpath('//div[@class="paginator"]/a'):
      link = page.xpath('@href').extract()[0]
      yield scrapy.Request(link, callback=self.parse_next)

  def parse_next(self, response):
    for item in response.xpath('//tr[@class="item"]'):
      book = DoubanBookItem()
      book['name'] = item.xpath('td[2]/div[1]/a/@title').extract()[0]
      book['content'] = item.xpath('td[2]/p/text()').extract()[0]
      book['ratings'] = item.xpath('td[2]/div[2]/span[2]/text()').extract()[0]
      yield book

douban_comment_spider.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from faker import Factory
from douban.items import DoubanMovieCommentItem
import urlparse
f = Factory.create()


class MailSpider(scrapy.Spider):
  name = 'douban-comment'
  allowed_domains = ['accounts.douban.com', 'douban.com']
  start_urls = [
    'https://www.douban.com/'
  ]

  headers = {
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Host': 'accounts.douban.com',
    'User-Agent': f.user_agent()
  }

  formdata = {
    'form_email': '你的邮箱',
    'form_password': '你的密码',
    # 'captcha-solution': '',
    # 'captcha-id': '',
    'login': '登录',
    'redir': 'https://www.douban.com/',
    'source': 'None'
  }

  def start_requests(self):
    return [scrapy.Request(url='https://www.douban.com/accounts/login',
                headers=self.headers,
                meta={'cookiejar': 1},
                callback=self.parse_login)]

  def parse_login(self, response):
    # 如果有验证码要人为处理
    if 'captcha_image' in response.body:
      print 'Copy the link:'
      link = response.xpath('//img[@class="captcha_image"]/@src').extract()[0]
      print link
      captcha_solution = raw_input('captcha-solution:')
      captcha_id = urlparse.parse_qs(urlparse.urlparse(link).query, True)['id']
      self.formdata['captcha-solution'] = captcha_solution
      self.formdata['captcha-id'] = captcha_id
    return [scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(response,
                         formdata=self.formdata,
                         headers=self.headers,
                         meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                         callback=self.after_login
                         )]

  def after_login(self, response):
    print response.status
    self.headers['Host'] = "www.douban.com"
    yield scrapy.Request(url='https://movie.douban.com/subject/22266320/reviews',
               meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
               headers=self.headers,
               callback=self.parse_comment_url)
    yield scrapy.Request(url='https://movie.douban.com/subject/22266320/reviews',
               meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
               headers=self.headers,
               callback=self.parse_next_page,
               dont_filter = True)  #不去重

  def parse_next_page(self, response):
    print response.status
    try:
      next_url = response.urljoin(response.xpath('//span[@class="next"]/a/@href').extract()[0])
      print "下一页"
      print next_url
      yield scrapy.Request(url=next_url,
               meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
               headers=self.headers,
               callback=self.parse_comment_url,
               dont_filter = True)
      yield scrapy.Request(url=next_url,
               meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
               headers=self.headers,
               callback=self.parse_next_page,
               dont_filter = True)
    except:
      print "Next page Error"
      return

  def parse_comment_url(self, response):
    print response.status
    for item in response.xpath('//div[@class="main review-item"]'):
      comment_url = item.xpath('header/h3[@class="title"]/a/@href').extract()[0]
      comment_title = item.xpath('header/h3[@class="title"]/a/text()').extract()[0]
      print comment_title
      print comment_url
      yield scrapy.Request(url=comment_url,
               meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
               headers=self.headers,
               callback=self.parse_comment)

  def parse_comment(self, response):
    print response.status
    for item in response.xpath('//div[@id="content"]'):
      comment = DoubanMovieCommentItem()
      comment['useful_num'] = item.xpath('//div[@class="main-panel-useful"]/button[1]/text()').extract()[0].strip()
      comment['no_help_num'] = item.xpath('//div[@class="main-panel-useful"]/button[2]/text()').extract()[0].strip()
      comment['people'] = item.xpath('//span[@property="v:reviewer"]/text()').extract()[0]
      comment['people_url'] = item.xpath('//header[@class="main-hd"]/a[1]/@href').extract()[0]
      comment['star'] = item.xpath('//header[@class="main-hd"]/span[1]/@title').extract()[0]

      data_type = item.xpath('//div[@id="link-report"]/div/@data-original').extract()[0]
      print "data_type: "+data_type
      if data_type == '0':
        comment['comment'] = "\t#####\t".join(map(lambda x:x.strip(), item.xpath('//div[@id="link-report"]/div/p/text()').extract()))
      elif data_type == '1':
        comment['comment'] = "\t#####\t".join(map(lambda x:x.strip(), item.xpath('//div[@id="link-report"]/div[1]/text()').extract()))
      comment['title'] = item.xpath('//span[@property="v:summary"]/text()').extract()[0]
      comment['comment_page_url'] = response.url
      #print comment
      yield comment

doumailspider.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''by sudo rm -rf http://imchenkun.com'''
import scrapy
from faker import Factory
from douban.items import DoubanMailItem
import urlparse
f = Factory.create()


class MailSpider(scrapy.Spider):
  name = 'douban-mail'
  allowed_domains = ['accounts.douban.com', 'douban.com']
  start_urls = [
    'https://www.douban.com/'
  ]

  headers = {
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Host': 'accounts.douban.com',
    'User-Agent': f.user_agent()
  }

  formdata = {
    'form_email': '你的邮箱',
    'form_password': '你的密码',
    # 'captcha-solution': '',
    # 'captcha-id': '',
    'login': '登录',
    'redir': 'https://www.douban.com/',
    'source': 'None'
  }

  def start_requests(self):
    return [scrapy.Request(url='https://www.douban.com/accounts/login',
                headers=self.headers,
                meta={'cookiejar': 1},
                callback=self.parse_login)]

  def parse_login(self, response):
    # 如果有验证码要人为处理
    if 'captcha_image' in response.body:
      print 'Copy the link:'
      link = response.xpath('//img[@class="captcha_image"]/@src').extract()[0]
      print link
      captcha_solution = raw_input('captcha-solution:')
      captcha_id = urlparse.parse_qs(urlparse.urlparse(link).query, True)['id']
      self.formdata['captcha-solution'] = captcha_solution
      self.formdata['captcha-id'] = captcha_id
    return [scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(response,
                         formdata=self.formdata,
                         headers=self.headers,
                         meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
                         callback=self.after_login
                         )]

  def after_login(self, response):
    print response.status
    self.headers['Host'] = "www.douban.com"
    return scrapy.Request(url='https://www.douban.com/doumail/',
               meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},
               headers=self.headers,
               callback=self.parse_mail)

  def parse_mail(self, response):
    print response.status
    for item in response.xpath('//div[@class="doumail-list"]/ul/li'):
      mail = DoubanMailItem()
      mail['sender_time'] = item.xpath('div[2]/div/span[1]/text()').extract()[0]
      mail['sender_from'] = item.xpath('div[2]/div/span[2]/text()').extract()[0]
      mail['url'] = item.xpath('div[2]/p/a/@href').extract()[0]
      mail['title'] = item.xpath('div[2]/p/a/text()').extract()[0]
      print mail
      yield mail

init.py

(此文件内无代码)

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy


class DoubanBookItem(scrapy.Item):
  name = scrapy.Field()      # 书名
  price = scrapy.Field()      # 价格
  edition_year = scrapy.Field()  # 出版年份
  publisher = scrapy.Field()    # 出版社
  ratings = scrapy.Field()     # 评分
  author = scrapy.Field()     # 作者
  content = scrapy.Field()


class DoubanMailItem(scrapy.Item):
  sender_time = scrapy.Field()   # 发送时间
  sender_from = scrapy.Field()   # 发送人
  url = scrapy.Field()       # 豆邮详细地址
  title = scrapy.Field()      # 豆邮标题

class DoubanMovieCommentItem(scrapy.Item):
  useful_num = scrapy.Field()   # 多少人评论有用
  no_help_num = scrapy.Field()   # 多少人评论无用
  people = scrapy.Field()     # 评论者
  people_url = scrapy.Field()   # 评论者页面
  star = scrapy.Field()      # 评分
  comment = scrapy.Field()     # 评论
  title = scrapy.Field()      # 标题
  comment_page_url = scrapy.Field()# 当前页

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


class DoubanBookPipeline(object):
  def process_item(self, item, spider):
    info = item['content'].split(' / ') # [法] 圣埃克苏佩里 / 马振聘 / 人民文学出版社 / 2003-8 / 22.00元
    item['name'] = item['name']
    item['price'] = info[-1]
    item['edition_year'] = info[-2]
    item['publisher'] = info[-3]
    return item


class DoubanMailPipeline(object):
  def process_item(self, item, spider):
    item['title'] = item['title'].replace(' ', '').replace('\\n', '')
    return item


class DoubanMovieCommentPipeline(object):
  def process_item(self, item, spider):
    return item

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for douban project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#   http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#   http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#   http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'douban'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
from faker import Factory
f = Factory.create()
USER_AGENT = f.user_agent()

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
  'Host': 'book.douban.com',
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
  'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
  'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
  'Connection': 'keep-alive',
}
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#  'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#  'douban.middlewares.MyCustomSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#  'douban.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#  'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
  #'douban.pipelines.DoubanBookPipeline': 300,
  #'douban.pipelines.DoubanMailPipeline': 600,
  'douban.pipelines.DoubanMovieCommentPipeline': 900,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

scrapy.cfg

# Automatically created by: scrapy startproject
#
# For more information about the [deploy] section see:
# https://scrapyd.readthedocs.org/en/latest/deploy.html

[settings]
default = douban.settings

[deploy]
#url = http://localhost:6800/
project = douban

例程2： douban_imgs

目录树

douban_imgs
--douban
 --spiders
  --__init__.py
  --download_douban.py
 --__init__.py
 --items.py
 --pipelines.py
 --run_spider.py
 --settings.py
--scrapy.cfg

–spiders–init.py

# This package will contain the spiders of your Scrapy project
#
# Please refer to the documentation for information on how to create and manage
# your spiders.

download_douban.py

# coding=utf-8
from scrapy.spiders import Spider
import re
from scrapy import Request
from douban_imgs.items import DoubanImgsItem


class download_douban(Spider):
  name = 'download_douban'

  default_headers = {
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6',
    'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Host': 'www.douban.com',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',
  }

  def __init__(self, url='1638835355', *args, **kwargs):
    self.allowed_domains = ['douban.com']
    self.start_urls = [
      'http://www.douban.com/photos/album/%s/' % (url)]
    self.url = url
    # call the father base function

    #super(download_douban, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

  def start_requests(self):

    for url in self.start_urls:
      yield Request(url=url, headers=self.default_headers, callback=self.parse)

  def parse(self, response):
    list_imgs = response.xpath('//div[@class="photolst clearfix"]//img/@src').extract()
    if list_imgs:
      item = DoubanImgsItem()
      item['image_urls'] = list_imgs
      yield item

init.py

(此文件内无代码)

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy
from scrapy import Item, Field


class DoubanImgsItem(scrapy.Item):
  # define the fields for your item here like:
  # name = scrapy.Field()
  image_urls = Field()
  images = Field()
  image_paths = Field()

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
from scrapy import Request
from scrapy import log


class DoubanImgsPipeline(object):
  def process_item(self, item, spider):
    return item


class DoubanImgDownloadPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
  default_headers = {
    'accept': 'image/webp,image/*,*/*;q=0.8',
    'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',
    'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6',
    'cookie': 'bid=yQdC/AzTaCw',
    'referer': 'https://www.douban.com/photos/photo/2370443040/',
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',
  }

  def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
    for image_url in item['image_urls']:
      self.default_headers['referer'] = image_url
      yield Request(image_url, headers=self.default_headers)

  def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
    image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
    if not image_paths:
      raise DropItem("Item contains no images")
    item['image_paths'] = image_paths
    return item

run_spider.py

from scrapy import cmdline
cmd_str = 'scrapy crawl download_douban'
cmdline.execute(cmd_str.split(' '))

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for douban_imgs project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#   http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#   http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#   http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'douban_imgs'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban_imgs.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban_imgs.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
# USER_AGENT = 'douban_imgs (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS=32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
# DOWNLOAD_DELAY=3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN=16
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP=16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
# COOKIES_ENABLED=False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
# TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED=False

# Override the default request headers:
# DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#  'Accept-Language': 'en',
# }

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#  'douban_imgs.middlewares.MyCustomSpiderMiddleware': 543,
# }

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#  'douban_imgs.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
# }

# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
# EXTENSIONS = {
#  'scrapy.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
# }

# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
  'douban_imgs.pipelines.DoubanImgDownloadPipeline': 300,
}

IMAGES_STORE = 'D:\\doubanimgs'
#IMAGES_STORE = '/tmp'

IMAGES_EXPIRES = 90


# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
# NOTE: AutoThrottle will honour the standard settings for concurrency and delay
# AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED=True
# The initial download delay
# AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY=5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
# AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY=60
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
# AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG=False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
# HTTPCACHE_ENABLED=True
# HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS=0
# HTTPCACHE_DIR='httpcache'
# HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES=[]
# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE='scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

scrapy.cfg

# Automatically created by: scrapy startproject
#
# For more information about the [deploy] section see:
# https://scrapyd.readthedocs.org/en/latest/deploy.html

[settings]
default = douban_imgs.settings

[deploy]
#url = http://localhost:6800/
project = douban_imgs

总结

以上就是本文关于scrapy爬虫完整实例的全部内容，希望对大家有所帮助。感兴趣的朋友可以继续参阅本站其他相关专题，如有不足之处，欢迎留言指出。感谢朋友们对本站的支持！

上一篇： Django rest framework基本介绍与代码示例

下一篇： JS中Object对象的原型概念基础

推荐阅读