各数据库(MySQL、PostgreSQL、Oracle、MsSQL)有关自增字段的设置
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2022-03-15 19:33:56
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在数据库设计过程中,我们通常会把数据库表中的ID字段设置成自增。下面以常用的数据字典表为例,说明如何在各数据库下设置自增字段。
MySQL
MySQL数据库只需要在目标字段上添加AUTO_INCREMENT,并且为表设置AUTO_INCREMENT=x。
x:自增开始的数字。
参考示例:
CREATE TABLE `dictionary` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
`parent_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '父ID',
`type` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '元数据类型',
`item_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '元数据项显示名',
`item_value` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '元数据项存储值',
`comment` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注',
`deleted` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '删除标记',
`create_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='数据字典';
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL数据库有多种方法可实现自增字段的设置,常用的有:
- SERIAL,最简单
- IDENTITY,是PostgreSQL 10的新增特性
- 创建SEQUENCE,更灵活
参考示例:SERIAL
create table dictionary (
id SERIAL not null,
parent_id INT4 not null,
type VARCHAR(50) not null,
item_name VARCHAR(100) not null,
item_value VARCHAR(100) null,
comment VARCHAR(200) null,
deleted INT2 not null default 0,
create_time DATE not null default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
constraint PK_dictionary primary key (id)
);
Oracle
Oracle数据库常用的设置自增字段的两种方法:
- 创建SEQUENCE
- IDENTITY,要求Oracle数据库版本是12c或以上
12c版本示例:
create table "dictionary" (
"id" INTEGER generated as identity ( start with 1 nocycle noorder) not null,
"parent_id" INTEGER not null,
"type" VARCHAR2(50) not null,
"item_name" VARCHAR2(100) not null,
"item_value" VARCHAR2(100),
"comment" VARCHAR2(200),
"deleted" SMALLINT default 0 not null,
"create_time" TIMESTAMP default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP not null,
constraint "PK_dictionary" primary key ("id")
);
11g版本示例:
-- 建表
create table "dictionary" (
"id" INTEGER not null,
"parent_id" INTEGER not null,
"type" VARCHAR2(50) not null,
"item_name" VARCHAR2(100) not null,
"item_value" VARCHAR2(100),
"comment" VARCHAR2(200),
"deleted" SMALLINT default 0 not null,
"create_time" TIMESTAMP default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP not null,
constraint "PK_dictionary" primary key ("id")
);
-- 创建序列
CREATE SEQUENCE DICTIONARY_ID_SEQ
INCREMENT BY 1
START WITH 1;
-- 创建触发器,非必须
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER DICTIONARY_ID_SEQ_TRG
BEFORE INSERT ON "dictionary"
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NEW."id" IS NULL)
BEGIN
SELECT DICTIONARY_ID_SEQ.NEXTVAL
INTO :NEW."id"
FROM DUAL;
END;
MsSQL
MsSQL即SQL Server数据库,使用IDENTITY即可。
参考示例:
create table dictionary (
id int identity,
parent_id int not null,
type varchar(50) not null,
item_name varchar(100) not null,
item_value varchar(100) null,
comment varchar(200) null,
deleted smallint not null default 0,
create_time datetime not null default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
constraint PK_dictionary primary key (id)
);