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SpringMVC环境下实现的Ajax异步请求JSON格式数据

程序员文章站 2023-01-29 09:19:59
一 环境搭建 首先是常规的spring mvc环境搭建,不用多说,需要注意的是,这里需要引入jackson相关jar包,然后在spring配置文件“springmvc-s...

一 环境搭建

首先是常规的spring mvc环境搭建,不用多说,需要注意的是,这里需要引入jackson相关jar包,然后在spring配置文件“springmvc-servlet.xml”中添加json解析相关配置,我这里的完整代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 避免ie执行ajax时,返回json出现下载文件 -->
<bean id="mappingjacksonhttpmessageconverter"
class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.mappingjacksonhttpmessageconverter">
<property name="supportedmediatypes">
<list>
<value>text/html;charset=utf-8</value>
<value>application/json;charset=utf-8</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="objectmapper">
<bean class="org.codehaus.jackson.map.objectmapper">
<property name="dateformat">
<bean class="java.text.simpledateformat">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.string" value="yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 启动spring mvc的注解功能,完成请求和注解pojo的映射 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.annotationmethodhandleradapter">
<property name="messageconverters">
<list>
<ref bean="mappingjacksonhttpmessageconverter" /><!-- json转换器 -->
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<mvc:annotation-driven
content-negotiation-manager="contentnegotiationmanager" />
<bean id="contentnegotiationmanager"
class="org.springframework.web.accept.contentnegotiationmanagerfactorybean">
<!-- true,开启扩展名支持,false关闭支持 -->
<property name="favorpathextension" value="false" />
<!-- 用于开启 /userinfo/123?format=json的支持 -->
<property name="favorparameter" value="true" />
<!-- 设置为true以忽略对accept header的支持 -->
<property name="ignoreacceptheader" value="false" />
<property name="mediatypes">
<value>
atom=application/atom+xml
html=text/html
json=application/json
xml=application/xml
*=*/*
</value>
</property>
</bean>
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 启动自动扫描该包下所有的bean(例如@controller) -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.zifangsky.controller" />
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- 定义视图解析器 -->
<bean id="jspviewresolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.internalresourceviewresolver">
<property name="requestcontextattribute" value="rc" />
<property name="viewclass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.jstlview" />
<property name="prefix" value="/web-inf/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
<property name="order" value="1"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

项目结构:

SpringMVC环境下实现的Ajax异步请求JSON格式数据

注:我这里测试使用的完整jar包:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1deuwdml

二 测试实例

(1)在web-inf/jsp目录下新建了一个index.jsp文件,包含了简单的jquery的ajax请求,请求数据的格式是json,具体代码如下:

<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageencoding="utf-8"%>
<%
string path = request.getcontextpath();
string basepath = request.getscheme() + "://" + request.getservername() + ":" + request.getserverport()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<base href="<%=basepath%>">
<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.i18n.properties-min-1.0.9.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.autocomplete.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.loadmask.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.form.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.timers.js"></script>
<title>jquery i18n</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
$().ready(
function() {
$("#sub").click(
function() {
var name = $("#username").val();
var age = 18;
var user = {"username":name,"age":age};
$.ajax({
url : 'hello.json',
type : 'post',
data : json.stringify(user), // request body 
contenttype : 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
datatype : 'json',
success : function(response) {
//请求成功
alert("你好" + response.username + "[" + response.age + "],当前时间是:" + response.time + ",欢迎访问:http://www.zifangsky.cn");
},
error : function(msg) {
alert(msg);
}
});
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="username"
style="width: 100px; height: 30px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;">
<input type="button" id="sub" value="go"
style="height: 40px; height: 30px;">
<br>
</body>
</html>

(2)一个简单的model类user,代码如下:

package cn.zifangsky.controller;
public class user {
private string username;
private int age;
public string getusername() {
return username;
}
public void setusername(string username) {
this.username = username;
}
public int getage() {
return age;
}
public void setage(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}

(3)controller类testcontroller.java:

package cn.zifangsky.controller;
import java.text.format;
import java.text.simpledateformat;
import java.util.date;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestbody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.responsebody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.modelandview;
@controller
@scope("prototype")
public class testcontroller {
/**
* 转到页面
*/
@requestmapping(value = "/hello.html")
public modelandview list() {
modelandview view = new modelandview("index");
return view;
}
/**
* ajax异步请求, 请求格式是json
*/
@requestmapping(value = "/hello.json", method = { requestmethod.post })
@responsebody
public map<string, string> hello(@requestbody user user) {
// 返回数据的map集合
map<string, string> result = new hashmap<string, string>();
format format = new simpledateformat("yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss");
// 返回请求的username
result.put("username", user.getusername());
// 返回年龄
result.put("age", string.valueof(user.getage()));
// 返回当前时间
result.put("time", format.format(new date()));
return result;
}
}

关于具体的执行步骤我简单说一下:

i)项目启动后,在浏览器中访问:http://localhost:8089/springdemo/hello.html,然后会转到执行controller中的list方法,接着会转到/web-inf/jsp/index.jsp(ps:在controller中返回的是逻辑视图,跟在springmvc-servlet.xml文件中定义的路径前缀和后缀进行拼接后合成文件的真正路径)

ii)在index.jsp页面输入文字然后点击按钮,将会触发ajax请求,这个请求会获取输入框中的数据和默认的“age”参数拼接成json格式字符串最后提交到“hello.json”这个请求,也就是执行controller中的hello方法

iii)hello方法执行完毕后会返回一系列数据最后在页面中显示出来

(4)效果如下:

SpringMVC环境下实现的Ajax异步请求JSON格式数据

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的springmvc环境下实现的ajax异步请求json格式数据的相关内容,希望对大家有所帮助!