Django | Cookie 中文编码的问题

在django中，向cookie写入中文字符后会报错；如向cookie中保存用户名，当用户名存在中文字符时:

traceback (most recent call last):
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 138, in run
    self.finish_response()
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response
    self.write(data)
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 274, in write
    self.send_headers()
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 333, in send_headers
    self._write(bytes(self.headers))
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/headers.py", line 142, in __bytes__
    return str(self).encode('iso-8859-1')
unicodeencodeerror: 'latin-1' codec can't encode characters in position 145-146: ordinal not in range(256)
[10/apr/2019 18:22:39]"post /user/login http/1.1" 500 59
----------------------------------------
exception happened during processing of request from ('127.0.0.1', 55898)
traceback (most recent call last):
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 138, in run
    self.finish_response()
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response
    self.write(data)
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 274, in write
    self.send_headers()
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 333, in send_headers
    self._write(bytes(self.headers))
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/headers.py", line 142, in __bytes__
    return str(self).encode('iso-8859-1')
unicodeencodeerror: 'latin-1' codec can't encode characters in position 145-146: ordinal not in range(256)

during handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

traceback (most recent call last):
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 141, in run
    self.handle_error()
  file "/users/l/virtualenv_workspace/django_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/servers/basehttp.py", line 95, in handle_error
    super(serverhandler, self).handle_error()
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 368, in handle_error
    self.finish_response()
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 180, in finish_response
    self.write(data)
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 274, in write
    self.send_headers()
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 331, in send_headers
    if not self.origin_server or self.client_is_modern():
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 344, in client_is_modern
    return self.environ['server_protocol'].upper() != 'http/0.9'
typeerror: 'nonetype' object is not subscriptable

during handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

traceback (most recent call last):
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/socketserver.py", line 654, in process_request_thread
    self.finish_request(request, client_address)
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/socketserver.py", line 364, in finish_request
    self.requesthandlerclass(request, client_address, self)
  file "/users/l/virtualenv_workspace/django_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/servers/basehttp.py", line 102, in __init__
    super(wsgirequesthandler, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/socketserver.py", line 724, in __init__
    self.handle()
  file "/users/l/virtualenv_workspace/django_env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/servers/basehttp.py", line 182, in handle
    handler.run(self.server.get_app())
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/handlers.py", line 144, in run
    self.close()
  file "/library/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/wsgiref/simple_server.py", line 35, in close
    self.status.split(' ',1)[0], self.bytes_sent
attributeerror: 'nonetype' object has no attribute 'split'

　　此时可以使用json模块的dumps()和loads()，将其序列化，再进行反序列化；

　　如记录用户名时，先将用户名进行序列化，再写入到cookie中。而在读取cookie之后，再将其反序列化即可

　　

　　dumps / loads 用法：

import json
username='用户1'
username=json.dumps(username)
username
'"\\u7528\\u62371"'
# 反序列化
username=json.loads(username)
username
'用户1'

　　

　　在django中：

                if remember=='on':
                    # 记住用户名
                    # 如果username是中文，设置cookies时会报错
                    # cookie 中文编码处理
                    username=json.dumps(username)
                    response.set_cookie('username',username,max_age=7*24*3600)

                else:
                    # 取消记住用户名
                    response.delete_cookie('username')

        if 'username' in request.cookies:
            username=request.cookies.get('username')
            username=json.loads(username)