linux中ftp服务搭建需要注意的地方

1.配置文件

/etc/vsftpd 目录下的vsftpd.conf文件

# example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# the default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. this sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# read this: this example file is not an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# allow anonymous ftp? (beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=no
#
# uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=yes
#
# uncomment this to enable any form of ftp write command.
write_enable=yes
#
# default umask for local users is 077. you may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# uncomment this to allow the anonymous ftp user to upload files. this only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the ftp user.
#anon_upload_enable=yes
#
# uncomment this if you want the anonymous ftp user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=yes
#
# activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=yes
#
# the target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.
# this depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter
xferlog_enable=no
#
# make sure port transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=yes
#
# if you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. note! using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=yes
#chown_username=whoever
#
# the name of log file when xferlog_enable=yes and xferlog_std_format=yes
# warning - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.
# no writes to vsftpd_log_file, yes to xferlog_file
xferlog_std_format=yes
#
# you may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# you may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# it is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous abor requests. not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older ftp clients.
#async_abor_enable=yes
#
# by default the server will pretend to allow ascii mode but in fact ignore
# the request. turn on the below options to have the server actually do ascii
# mangling on files when in ascii mode.
# beware that on some ftp servers, ascii support allows a denial of service
# attack (dos) via the command "size /big/file" in ascii mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ascii mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=yes
#ascii_download_enable=yes
#
# you may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=welcome to blah ftp service.
#
# you may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. apparently
# useful for combatting certain dos attacks.
#deny_email_enable=yes
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# you may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. if chroot_local_user is yes, then this list becomes a list of
# users to not chroot().
chroot_local_user=yes
#chroot_list_enable=yes
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# you may activate the "-r" option to the builtin ls. this is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive i/o on large
# sites. however, some broken ftp clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-r" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=yes
#
# when "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on ipv4 sockets. this directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=yes
#
# this directive enables listening on ipv6 sockets. to listen on ipv4 and ipv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=yes

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=yes
tcp_wrappers=yes
pasv_enable=yes
pasv_min_port=1024
pasv_max_port=1034

2.新建用户

adduser -m -d /home/data/ftp -s /bin/sh -g root ftptest3

这个用户的根目录 是/home/data/ftp

3.禁止登录

首先，设定用户的shell：/usr/bin/nologin

使用root用户：usermod -s /usr/bin/nologin username

因为ftp在登录时要检查该用户的shell设定是否正确，如果在/etc/shells中不存在的/usr/bin/nologin，

结果就会出错导致用户无法登录。

打开/etc/shells，添加“/usr/bin/nologin”，即可。