阿里云CentOS自动备份MySql 8.0并上传至七牛云

本文主要介绍一下阿里云centos7下如何对mysql 8.0数据库进行自动备份,并使用.net core 将备份文件上传至七牛云存储上,并对整个过程所踩的坑加以记录.

环境、工具、准备工作

• 服务器:阿里云64位centos 7.4.1708版本;并安装mysql 8.0 数据库(如何安装点击)
  
• 客户端:windows 10;
• sftp客户端:filezilla;用来进行文件传输;
• ssh工具:putty;用来在windows 上远程访问centos;

编写shell脚本实现自动备份mysql数据库

1.创建相关目录

使用mkdir命令创建两个目录,一个用来存放shell和上传七牛云的app;命令如下

mkdir /home/software/mysql/backupapp      //此目录用来存放相关shell和应用程序
mkdir /home/software/mysql/backupfiles    //此目录用来存放mysql的备份文件

2.编写mysql备份shell

•  使用命令进如shell存放的目录,命令如下:

  cd /home/software/mysql/backupapp

• 创建备份的shell文件,命令如下:

  vi backup.sh //vi命令学习

• 编写mysql备份shell命令,内容如下:

  db_user="dbuser"       //输入你的数据库用户名 
  db_password="password" //输入你的数据库密码
  db_name="dbname"       //输入你要备份的数据库名   
  mysqldump -u$db_user -p$db_password $db_name | gzip > /home/software/mysql/backupfiles/$(date +%y%m%d%h%m%s).sql.gz 
  //将导出的脚本按照年月日时分秒命名并压缩成gz文件,要保证/home/software/mysql/backupfiles存在,并注意脚本不能在windows环境下编写,注意脚本的空格与相关字符的全半角.

• 测试脚本是否正常,命令如下:

  sh /home/software/mysql/backupapp/backup.sh 
  //没有错误信息或者提示 using a password on the command line interface can be insecure 表示正常
  cd /home/software/mysql/backupfile //进入备份文件目录并使用ls命令查看是否备份成功

• 设置shell的权限并设置可运行,命令如下:

  chmod 777 /home/software/mysql/backupapp/backup.sh    //chmod命令学习

3.设置crontab实现自动执行shell备份数据库

•  创建定时任务使备份脚本能定时运行,命令如下:

  crontab -e  //进入调度器编辑窗口
  //编写如下命令,此命令表示每天凌晨01:00分执行脚本backup.sh crontab命令学习
  0 1 * * * /home/software/mysql/backupapp/backup.sh
  //注意事项:保证/home/software/mysql/backupapp/backup.sh至少有读和可执行权限
  //为方便测试可设置10 * * * * 表示每10分钟执行一次shell

• 重启crontab使命令生效,命令如下:

  systemctl restart crond

开发app实现将数据库备份文件上传至七牛云

1.注册七牛云(已注册可忽略)

因为七牛云免费提供10g的对象存储空间,所以本文选择七牛云做远程备份.相关注册操作请跳转至并创建存储空间.

2.新建控制台应用程序编写代码实现上传功能

使用.net core创建一个console应用程序,并使用nuget安装newtonsoft.json和qiniu.shared;上传功能代码如下:

using microsoft.extensions.configuration;
using qiniu.common;
using qiniu.http;
using qiniu.io;
using qiniu.io.model;
using qiniu.util;
using system;
using system.io;
using system.runtime.interopservices;

namespace qiniumanagerapp
{
    internal class program
    {
        private const string accesskey = "";//设置七牛accesskey
        private const string secretkey = "";设置七牛secretkey
        private const string bucket = "";//设置你的bucket,就是你新建的存储空间名称

        private static void main(string[] args)
        {
            var systempath = environment.currentdirectory;
            if (runtimeinformation.isosplatform(osplatform.linux))
            {
                systempath = path.getdirectoryname(typeof(program).assembly.location);
            }
            var logpath = systempath + @"/logs/";
            var uploadbackuppath = systempath + @"/filebackup/";
            deletefile(uploadbackuppath, 7);
            var config = new configurationbuilder()
                          .setbasepath(systempath)
                          .addjsonfile("appsettings.json")
                          .build();
            //读取配置
            var filepath = config["filepath"];
            if (!string.isnullorempty(filepath))
            {
                console.writeline("当前文件路径:" + filepath);
                var logname = datetime.now.tostring("yyyy-mm-dd") + ".txt";
                if (!file.exists(logpath + logname))
                {
                    file.create(logpath + logname);
                }
                using (streamwriter sw = new streamwriter(logpath + logname, true))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        var files = directory.getfiles(filepath);
                        if (files.length > 0)
                        {
                            sw.writeline("[start]=============================================================================================================================");
                            for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++)
                            {
                                fileinfo file = new fileinfo(files[i]);
                                if (file.extension == ".gz")
                                {
                                    sw.writeline($"[datetime]:  {datetime.now.tostring("yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.ffff")}");
                                    var reslut = string.empty;
                                    if (uploadfile(file.directoryname + @"/", file.name, out reslut))
                                    {
                                        sw.writeline($"[filename]:{file.name} upload successfully.");
                                        console.writeline($"[filename]:{file.name} upload successfully.");
                                        file.moveto(uploadbackuppath + @"/" + file.name);
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        sw.writeline($"[filename]:{file.name} upload unsuccessfully.");
                                        console.writeline($"[filename]:{file.name} upload unsuccessfully.");
                                        sw.writeline($"[ result ]:{reslut}");
                                    }
                                }
                                sw.writeline();
                            }
                            sw.writeline("[ end ]=============================================================================================================================");
                        }
                    }
                    catch (exception ex)
                    {
                        sw.writeline("[exception]=============================================================================================================================");
                        sw.writeline(ex.message);
                        sw.writeline("[exception]=============================================================================================================================");
                        throw;
                    }
                }
                console.writeline("上传完成!");
            }
        }

        private static bool uploadfile(string filepath, string filename, out string error)
        {
            mac mac = new mac(accesskey, secretkey);
            // 设置上传策略，详见：https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo/manual/1206/put-policy
            putpolicy putpolicy = new putpolicy();
            // 设置要上传的目标空间
            putpolicy.scope = bucket;
            // 上传策略的过期时间(单位:秒)
            putpolicy.setexpires(3000);
            // 生成上传token
            string token = auth.createuploadtoken(mac, putpolicy.tojsonstring());
            // 设置上传区域
            config.setzone(zoneid.cn_north, false);
            // 表单上传
            formuploader target = new formuploader();
            // 上传文件
            var filebytes = file.readallbytes(filepath + filename);
            httpresult result = target.uploaddata(filebytes, filename, token);
            error = result.tostring();
            if (result.code == 200)
            {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        private static void deletefile(string filepath, int createddays)
        {
            if (!directory.exists(filepath))
            {
                directory.createdirectory(filepath);
            }
            directoryinfo di = new directoryinfo(filepath);
            var files = di.getfiles();
            for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++)
            {
                if (files[i].creationtime >= datetime.now.adddays(createddays))
                {
                    files[i].delete();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

//appsetting.json的内容,文件要新建,默认console程序没有该文件
{
  "filepath": "/home/software/mysql/backupfiles"//设置你mysql备份文件所在路径
}

注意事项:

• 注意设置七牛云相关配置如accesskey ,secretkey ,bucket 选择正确的上传区域;
  
• 发布程序时,需要将console依赖的相关文件都拷贝至应用程序根目录下(此处可能是.net core的一个bug);
• 注意区分获取程序根目录的方式(在linux服务器和window 服务器获取方式不一样)

3.将console部署至阿里云centos并进行测试

• 将程序部署至centos(参见此文或),目录路径为:/home/software/mysql/backupapp/qiniuapp
• 使用chmod命令,设置console程序的可执行权限;命令如下:

  chmod 777 /home/software/mysql/backupapp/qiniuapp/qiniumanagerapp.dll
  

• 测试程序;命令如下:

  dotnet /home/software/mysql/backupapp/qiniuapp/qiniumanagerapp.dll

• 进入七牛站点,查看文件是否上传成功;
• 编写app shell脚本;内容如下:

  cd /home/software/mysql/backupapp 
  vi backupapp.sh
  //编写如下内容:
  dotnet /home/software/mysql/backupapp/qiniuapp/qiniumanagerapp.dll
  

4.设置crond 实现自动将备份文件上传至七牛云

•  创建定时任务使备份app能定时运行,命令如下:

  crontab -e  //进入调度器编辑窗口
  //编写如下命令
  10 1 * * * /home/software/mysql/backupapp/backupapp.sh   
  //注意事项:保证/home/software/mysql/backupapp/backupapp.sh至少有读和可执行权限
  

• 重启crontab使命令生效,命令如下:

  systemctl restart crond

 

至此,阿里云centos自动备份mysql 8.0并上传至七牛云 已经结束;

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