Python图像处理之颜色的定义与使用分析

本文实例讲述了python图像处理之颜色的定义与使用。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

python中的颜色相关的定义在matplotlib模块中，为方便使用，这里给大家展示一下在这个模块中都定义了哪些选颜色。

1、颜色名称的导出

导出代码如下：

import matplotlib
for name, hex in matplotlib.colors.cnames.iteritems():
  print(name, hex)

导出结果如下：

names = {
'aliceblue':            '#f0f8ff',
'antiquewhite':         '#faebd7',
'aqua':                 '#00ffff',
'aquamarine':           '#7fffd4',
'azure':                '#f0ffff',
'beige':                '#f5f5dc',
'bisque':               '#ffe4c4',
'black':                '#000000',
'blanchedalmond':       '#ffebcd',
'blue':                 '#0000ff',
'blueviolet':           '#8a2be2',
'brown':                '#a52a2a',
'burlywood':            '#deb887',
'cadetblue':            '#5f9ea0',
'chartreuse':           '#7fff00',
'chocolate':            '#d2691e',
'coral':                '#ff7f50',
'cornflowerblue':       '#6495ed',
'cornsilk':             '#fff8dc',
'crimson':              '#dc143c',
'cyan':                 '#00ffff',
'darkblue':             '#00008b',
'darkcyan':             '#008b8b',
'darkgoldenrod':        '#b8860b',
'darkgray':             '#a9a9a9',
'darkgreen':            '#006400',
'darkkhaki':            '#bdb76b',
'darkmagenta':          '#8b008b',
'darkolivegreen':       '#556b2f',
'darkorange':           '#ff8c00',
'darkorchid':           '#9932cc',
'darkred':              '#8b0000',
'darksalmon':           '#e9967a',
'darkseagreen':         '#8fbc8f',
'darkslateblue':        '#483d8b',
'darkslategray':        '#2f4f4f',
'darkturquoise':        '#00ced1',
'darkviolet':           '#9400d3',
'deeppink':             '#ff1493',
'deepskyblue':          '#00bfff',
'dimgray':              '#696969',
'dodgerblue':           '#1e90ff',
'firebrick':            '#b22222',
'floralwhite':          '#fffaf0',
'forestgreen':          '#228b22',
'fuchsia':              '#ff00ff',
'gainsboro':            '#dcdcdc',
'ghostwhite':           '#f8f8ff',
'gold':                 '#ffd700',
'goldenrod':            '#daa520',
'gray':                 '#808080',
'green':                '#008000',
'greenyellow':          '#adff2f',
'honeydew':             '#f0fff0',
'hotpink':              '#ff69b4',
'indianred':            '#cd5c5c',
'indigo':               '#4b0082',
'ivory':                '#fffff0',
'khaki':                '#f0e68c',
'lavender':             '#e6e6fa',
'lavenderblush':        '#fff0f5',
'lawngreen':            '#7cfc00',
'lemonchiffon':         '#fffacd',
'lightblue':            '#add8e6',
'lightcoral':           '#f08080',
'lightcyan':            '#e0ffff',
'lightgoldenrodyellow': '#fafad2',
'lightgreen':           '#90ee90',
'lightgray':            '#d3d3d3',
'lightpink':            '#ffb6c1',
'lightsalmon':          '#ffa07a',
'lightseagreen':        '#20b2aa',
'lightskyblue':         '#87cefa',
'lightslategray':       '#778899',
'lightsteelblue':       '#b0c4de',
'lightyellow':          '#ffffe0',
'lime':                 '#00ff00',
'limegreen':            '#32cd32',
'linen':                '#faf0e6',
'magenta':              '#ff00ff',
'maroon':               '#800000',
'mediumaquamarine':     '#66cdaa',
'mediumblue':           '#0000cd',
'mediumorchid':         '#ba55d3',
'mediumpurple':         '#9370db',
'mediumseagreen':       '#3cb371',
'mediumslateblue':      '#7b68ee',
'mediumspringgreen':    '#00fa9a',
'mediumturquoise':      '#48d1cc',
'mediumvioletred':      '#c71585',
'midnightblue':         '#191970',
'mintcream':            '#f5fffa',
'mistyrose':            '#ffe4e1',
'moccasin':             '#ffe4b5',
'navajowhite':          '#ffdead',
'navy':                 '#000080',
'oldlace':              '#fdf5e6',
'olive':                '#808000',
'olivedrab':            '#6b8e23',
'orange':               '#ffa500',
'orangered':            '#ff4500',
'orchid':               '#da70d6',
'palegoldenrod':        '#eee8aa',
'palegreen':            '#98fb98',
'paleturquoise':        '#afeeee',
'palevioletred':        '#db7093',
'papayawhip':           '#ffefd5',
'peachpuff':            '#ffdab9',
'peru':                 '#cd853f',
'pink':                 '#ffc0cb',
'plum':                 '#dda0dd',
'powderblue':           '#b0e0e6',
'purple':               '#800080',
'red':                  '#ff0000',
'rosybrown':            '#bc8f8f',
'royalblue':            '#4169e1',
'saddlebrown':          '#8b4513',
'salmon':               '#fa8072',
'sandybrown':           '#faa460',
'seagreen':             '#2e8b57',
'seashell':             '#fff5ee',
'sienna':               '#a0522d',
'silver':               '#c0c0c0',
'skyblue':              '#87ceeb',
'slateblue':            '#6a5acd',
'slategray':            '#708090',
'snow':                 '#fffafa',
'springgreen':          '#00ff7f',
'steelblue':            '#4682b4',
'tan':                  '#d2b48c',
'teal':                 '#008080',
'thistle':              '#d8bfd8',
'tomato':               '#ff6347',
'turquoise':            '#40e0d0',
'violet':               '#ee82ee',
'wheat':                '#f5deb3',
'white':                '#ffffff',
'whitesmoke':           '#f5f5f5',
'yellow':               '#ffff00',
'yellowgreen':          '#9acd32'}

2、颜色图示

通过如下代码。可将上述颜色给逐个显示出来，代码如下：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches
import matplotlib.colors as colors
import math
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ratio = 1.0 / 3.0
count = math.ceil(math.sqrt(len(colors.cnames)))
x_count = count * ratio
y_count = count / ratio
x = 0
y = 0
w = 1 / x_count
h = 1 / y_count
for c in colors.cnames:
  pos = (x / x_count, y / y_count)
  ax.add_patch(patches.rectangle(pos, w, h, color=c))
  ax.annotate(c, xy=pos)
  if y >= y_count-1:
    x += 1
    y = 0
  else:
    y += 1
plt.show()

显示结果如下：

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