.Net Core 使用NLog记录日志到文件和数据库的操作方法

nlog 记录日志是微软官方推荐使用。

接下来，通过配置日志记录到文件和sql server数据库。

第一步：首先添加包nlog.config （可通过微软添加包命令install-package 包名进行添加，也可以通过管理nuget程序包进行添加），添加成功后会生成nlog.config配置文件。并对该配置文件进行配置。详细配置可参考git上 nlog说明。

一下是我个人配置。

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
  <nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/nlog.xsd"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
        xsi:schemalocation="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/nlog.xsd nlog.xsd"
        autoreload="true"
        throwexceptions="false"
        internalloglevel="warn"   
        internallogfile="logs/nlog-internal.log">
    
   <!--internalloglevel="off"-->
   <!-- optional, add some variables
   https://github.com/nlog/nlog/wiki/configuration-file#variables
   -->
   <variable name="myvar" value="myvalue"/>
 
   <!--
   see https://github.com/nlog/nlog/wiki/configuration-file
   for information on customizing logging rules and outputs.
    -->
   <targets>
 
     <!--
     add your targets here
     see https://github.com/nlog/nlog/wiki/targets for possible targets.
     see https://github.com/nlog/nlog/wiki/layout-renderers for the possible layout renderers.
     -->
 
     <!--
     write events to a file with the date in the filename.
     <target xsi:type="file" name="f" filename="${basedir}/logs/${shortdate}.log"
             layout="${longdate} ${uppercase:${level}} ${message}" />
     -->
 
     <!-- write logs to file -->
     <target xsi:type="file" name="allfile" filename="logs/${date:format=yyyymm}/nlog-all-${shortdate}.log"
              layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=eventid.id}|${uppercase:${level}}|${logger} ${newline}${message} ${exception} ${newline}" />
 
     <target xsi:type="file" name="ownfile-web" filename="logs/${date:format=yyyymm}/nlog-own-${shortdate}.log"
              layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=eventid.id}|${uppercase:${level}}|${logger} ${newline}${message} ${exception} ${newline} --- |url: ${aspnet-request-url}|action: ${aspnet-mvc-action}" />
 
     <target xsi:type="null" name="blackhole" />
 
     <target xsi:type="database" name="database">
       <connectionstring>${var:connectionstring}</connectionstring>
       <commandtext>
         insert into syslogs (application,levels,operatingtime,operatingaddress,userid,logger,callsite,requesturl,referrerurl,action,message,exception)
         values (@application,@levels,@operatingtime,@operatingaddress,@userid,@logger,@callsite,@requesturl,@referrerurl,@action,@message,@exception);
       </commandtext>
       <parameter name="@application" layout="webapi" />
       <parameter name="@levels" layout="${level}" />
       <parameter name="@operatingtime" layout="${date}" />
       <parameter name="@operatingaddress" layout="${aspnet-request-ip}" />
       <parameter name="@userid" layout="1" />
       <parameter name="@logger" layout="${logger}" />
       <parameter name="@callsite" layout="${callsite}" />
       <parameter name="@requesturl" layout="${aspnet-request-url}" />
       <parameter name="@referrerurl" layout="${aspnet-request}" />
       <parameter name="@action" layout="${aspnet-mvc-action}" />
       <parameter name="@message" layout="${message}" />
       <parameter name="@exception" layout="${exception:tostring}" />
     </target>
     
   </targets>
 
   <rules>
     <!-- add your logging rules here -->
 
     <!--
     write all events with minimal level of debug (so debug, info, warn, error and fatal, but not trace)  to "f"
     <logger name="*" minlevel="debug" writeto="f" />
     -->
 
     <!--all logs, including from microsoft-->
     <!--minlevel 改为trace 跟踪全部 error 只捕获异常-->
     <logger name="*" minlevel="error" writeto="allfile" />
 
     <!--skip microsoft logs and so log only own logs-->
     <logger name="microsoft.*" minlevel="trace" writeto="blackhole" final="true" />
     <logger name="*" minlevel="trace" writeto="ownfile-web" />
     <logger name="*" minlevel="trace" writeto="database" />    
     
   </rules>
 </nlog>
 
 
 <!--增加引用
 <packagereference include="nlog.extensions.logging" version="1.2.1" />
 <packagereference include="nlog.web.aspnetcore" version="4.6.0" />-->

说明：targets 中有一节点为database，是配置将日志写入数据库中，注意需要在数据库中添加该记录日志表。

{
  "connectionstrings": {
    "defaultconnection": "data source=192.168.30.133;initial catalog=test;user id=sa;password=123456;trusted_connection=true;multipleactiveresultsets=true;integrated security=false;"
  },
  "logging": {
    "loglevel": {
      "default": "warning"
    }
  },
  "allowedhosts": "*"
}

第二步：添加包nlog.web.aspnetcore，在program.cs中的webhost加入".usenlog()"（该属于程序集nlog.web，需要添加引用using nlog.web;）,即为添加nlog.

using microsoft.aspnetcore;
using microsoft.aspnetcore.hosting;
using nlog.web;

namespace webapi
{
    public class program
    {
        public static void main(string[] args)
        {
            createwebhostbuilder(args).build().run();
        }

        public static iwebhostbuilder createwebhostbuilder(string[] args) =>
            webhost.createdefaultbuilder(args)
                .usestartup<startup>()
                .usenlog(); //加入nlog日志
    }
}

第三步：在startup.cs中的configure方法中添加记日志代码，即需要加载的配置文件和配置日志写入数据库连接字符串代码。注意：为避免中文乱码问题需要添加system.text.encoding.codepages包。

  public void configure(iapplicationbuilder app, ihostingenvironment env)
          {
  
              #region nlog记日志
              //将日志记录到数据库                 config/nlog.config
              nlog.logmanager.loadconfiguration("nlog.config").getcurrentclasslogger();       nlog.logmanager.configuration.variables["connectionstring"] = configuration.getconnectionstring("defaultconnection");   encoding.registerprovider(codepagesencodingprovider.instance);  //避免日志中的中文输出乱码
              #endregion
 
             if (env.isdevelopment())
                 app.usedeveloperexceptionpage();
             else
                 app.usehsts();
   app.usehttpsredirection();
 
             app.usemvc();
         }

第四步：使用微软推荐的方式在在构造方法中将将日志对象注入。

public class userscontroller : controller
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 日志对象
        /// </summary>
        private readonly ilogger logger;    
         public userscontroller(iloggerfactory loggerfactory)
        {
            this.logger = loggerfactory.createlogger<userscontroller>();

            #region 测试日志
            logger.logtrace("开发阶段调试，可能包含敏感程序数据", 1);
            logger.logdebug("开发阶段短期内比较有用，对调试有益。");
            logger.loginformation("你访问了首页。跟踪程序的一般流程。");
            logger.logwarning("警告信息！因程序出现故障或其他不会导致程序停止的流程异常或意外事件。");
            logger.logerror("错误信息。因某些故障停止工作");
            logger.logcritical("程序或系统崩溃、遇到灾难性故障！！！");
            #endregion
        }

所有工作完成，运行程序。在配置nlog路径下生成日志文件，同时，在数据库中生成日志。

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