php获取中文拼音首字母类和函数分享

一、公司同事整理的类,挺实用的.相信拿出来分享下他不会介意的o(∩_∩)o.不过如果首字母是数字或英文会有些问题.

/**
 * helper_spell 汉字拼音首字母工具类
 *
 * @category helper
 * @package  helper_spell
 * @author   lancer <[e-mail]>
 * @version  1.0
 * @see      translation_big2gb
 */

class helper_spell {
/**
 * $_pinyins
 * @var array
 * @access private
 */
private $_pinyins = array(
    176161 => 'a',
    176197 => 'b',
    178193 => 'c',
    180238 => 'd',
    182234 => 'e',
    183162 => 'f',
    184193 => 'g',
    185254 => 'h',
    187247 => 'j',
    191166 => 'k',
    192172 => 'l',
    194232 => 'm',
    196195 => 'n',
    197182 => 'o',
    197190 => 'p',
    198218 => 'q',
    200187 => 'r',
    200246 => 's',
    203250 => 't',
    205218 => 'w',
    206244 => 'x',
    209185 => 'y',
    212209 => 'z',
    215249 => 'z',
);

/**
 * $_charset
 * @var string
 * @access private
 */
private $_charset = null;

/**
 * __construct 构造函数, 指定需要的编码 default: utf-8 支持utf-8, gb2312
 *
 * @param unknown_type $charset
 */
public function __construct( $charset = 'utf-8' ) {
    $this->_charset = $charset;
}

/**
 * getinitialsfirst 返回首个汉字的拼音
 *
 * @access public
 * @static
 * @param  string $str
 * @return string
 * @example helper_spell::getinitialsfirst('我的爱'); => w
 */
public static function getinitialsfirst( $str, $charset = 'utf-8' ) {
    $chars = array(
        'a','b','c','d','e','f',
        'g','h','i','j','k','l',
        'm','n','o','p','q','r',
        's','t','u','v','w','x',
        'y','z');

    $string = self::getinitials( $str );
    $length = strlen($string);

    for($i=0; $i < $length; $i++) {
        if ( in_array( $string{$i}, $chars ) ) {
            return $string{$i};
        }
    }
    return '*';
}

/**
 * getinitials 返回拼音组合
 *
 * @access public
 * @static
 * @param  string $str
 * @return string
 * @example helper_spell::getinitials('我的爱'); => wda
 */
public static function getinitials( $str, $charset = 'utf-8' ) {
    $instance = new helper_spell( $charset );
    return $instance->_getinitials( $str );
}

/**
 * _getinitials 获取中文字串的拼音首字符
 *              注：英文的字串：不变返回(包括数字)    eg .abc123 => abc123
 *                  中文字符串：返回拼音首字符        eg. 王小明 => wxm
 *                  中英混合串: 返回拼音首字符和英文  eg. 我i我j => wiwj
 *
 * @access private
 * @param  string $str
 * @return string
 */
private function _getinitials( $str, $translation=true ){
    if ( empty($str) ) return '';
    if ( $this->_isascii($str[0]) && $this->_isasciis( $str ))
        return $str;

    if ( $translation )
        $str = translation_big2gb::big2gb( $str );

    $result = array();
    if ( $this->_charset == 'utf-8' ){
        //ignore很重要，加上这个就可以是iconv()函数忽略错误，继续执行
        $str = iconv( 'utf-8', 'gbk//ignore', $str );
    }
    $words = $this->_cutword( $str );

    foreach ( $words as $word ) {          
        if ( $this->_isascii($word) ) {//非中文
            $result[] = $word;
            continue;
        }
        $code = ( ord(substr($word,0,1)) ) * 1000 + (ord(substr($word,1,1)));
        //获取拼音首字母a--z

        if ( ($i = $this->_search($code)) != -1 ){
            $result[] = $this->_pinyins[$i];
        }
    }
    return strtoupper(implode('', $result));
}

/**
 * _msubstr 获取中文字符串
 *
 * @access private
 * @param string $str
 * @param int    $start
 * @param int    $len
 * @return string
 */
private function _msubstr ($str, $start, $len) {
    $start  = $start * 2;
    $len    = $len * 2;
    $strlen = strlen($str);
    $result = '';
    for ( $i = 0; $i < $strlen; $i++ ) {
        if ( $i >= $start && $i < ($start + $len) ) {
            if ( ord(substr($str, $i, 1)) > 129 ) $result .= substr($str, $i, 2);
            else $result .= substr($str, $i, 1);
        }
        if ( ord(substr($str, $i, 1)) > 129 ) $i++;
    }
    return $result;
}

/**
 * _cutword  字符串切分为数组 (汉字或者一个字符为单位)
 *
 * @access private
 * @param string $str
 * @return array
 */
private function _cutword( $str ) {
    $words = array();
    while ( $str != "" ) {
        if ( $this->_isascii($str) ) {//非中文
            $words[] = $str[0];
            $str = substr( $str, strlen($str[0]) );
        } else {
            $word = $this->_msubstr( $str, 0, 1 );
            $words[] = $word;
            $str = substr( $str,  strlen($word) );
        }
     }
     return $words;
}

/**
 * _isascii 判断字符是否是ascii字符
 *
 * @access private
 * @param  string $char
 * @return bool
 */
private function _isascii( $char ) {
    return ( ord( substr($char,0,1) ) < 160 );
}

 

/**
 * _isasciis 判断字符串前3个字符是否是ascii字符
 *
 * @access private
 * @param  string $str
 * @return bool
 */
private function _isasciis( $str ) {
    $len = strlen($str) >= 3 ? 3: 2;
    $chars = array();
    for( $i = 1; $i < $len -1; $i++ ){
        $chars[] = $this->_isascii( $str[$i] ) ? 'yes':'no';
    }
    $result = array_count_values( $chars );
    if ( empty($result['no']) ){
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

/**
 * _getchar 通过asc码返回字母或者数字
 *
 * @access private
 * @param  string $ascii
 * @return string
 */
private function _getchar( $ascii ){
    if ( $ascii >= 48 && $ascii <= 57 ) {
        return chr($ascii);  //数字
    } elseif ( $ascii>=65 && $ascii<=90 ) {
        return chr($ascii);   // a--z
    } elseif ($ascii>=97 && $ascii<=122 ) {
        return chr($ascii-32); // a--z
    } else {
        return '~'; //其他
    }
}

/**
 * _search 查找需要的汉字内码(gb2312) 对应的拼音字符(二分法)
 *
 * @access private
 * @param int $code
 * @return int
 */
private function _search( $code ) {   
    $data = array_keys($this->_pinyins);

    $lower = 0;
    $upper = sizeof($data)-1;

    // 排除非一级汉字
    if ($code < $data[0] || $code > $data[23]) return -1;

    for (;;) {        
        if ( $lower > $upper ){            
            return $data[$lower-1];
        }
        $middle = (int) round(($lower + $upper) / 2);
        if ( !isset($data[$middle]) ) {         
            return -1;
        }

        if ( $data[$middle] < $code ){
            $lower = (int)$middle + 1;
        } else if ( $data[$middle] == $code ) {          
            return $data[$middle];
        } else {
            $upper = (int)$middle - 1;
        }
    }// end for
}

}

二、用来得到中文的首字母

这个是将中文转换为拼音的类:charset

<?php
/**
 * 汉字转化为拼音，拼音转化为汉字
 *
 */

class charset
{
    private $_code=array(
    array("a",'-20319'),
    array("ai",'-20317'),
    array("an",'-20304'),
    array("ang",'-20295'),
    array("ao",'-20292'),
    array("ba",'-20283'),
    array("bai",'-20265'),
    array("ban",'-20257'),
    array("bang",'-20242'),
    array("bao",'-20230'),
    array("bei",'-20051'),
    array("ben",'-20036'),
    array("beng",'-20032'),
    array("bi",'-20026'),
    array("bian",'-20002'),
    array("biao",'-19990'),
    array("bie",'-19986'),
    array("bin",'-19982'),
    array("bing",'-19976'),
    array("bo",'-19805'),
    array("bu",'-19784'),
    array("ca",'-19775'),
    array("cai",'-19774'),
    array("can",'-19763'),
    array("cang",'-19756'),
    array("cao",'-19751'),
    array("ce",'-19746'),
    array("ceng",'-19741'),
    array("cha",'-19739'),
    array("chai",'-19728'),
    array("chan",'-19725'),
    array("chang",'-19715'),
    array("chao",'-19540'),
    array("che",'-19531'),
    array("chen",'-19525'),
    array("cheng",'-19515'),
    array("chi",'-19500'),
    array("chong",'-19484'),
    array("chou",'-19479'),
    array("chu",'-19467'),
    array("chuai",'-19289'),
    array("chuan",'-19288'),
    array("chuang",'-19281'),
    array("chui",'-19275'),
    array("chun",'-19270'),
    array("chuo",'-19263'),
    array("ci",'-19261'),
    array("cong",'-19249'),
    array("cou",'-19243'),
    array("cu",'-19242'),
    array("cuan",'-19238'),
    array("cui",'-19235'),
    array("cun",'-19227'),
    array("cuo",'-19224'),
    array("da",'-19218'),
    array("dai",'-19212'),
    array("dan",'-19038'),
    array("dang",'-19023'),
    array("dao",'-19018'),
    array("de",'-19006'),
    array("deng",'-19003'),
    array("di",'-18996'),
    array("dian",'-18977'),
    array("diao",'-18961'),
    array("die",'-18952'),
    array("ding",'-18783'),
    array("diu",'-18774'),
    array("dong",'-18773'),
    array("dou",'-18763'),
    array("du",'-18756'),
    array("duan",'-18741'),
    array("dui",'-18735'),
    array("dun",'-18731'),
    array("duo",'-18722'),
    array("e",'-18710'),
    array("en",'-18697'),
    array("er",'-18696'),
    array("fa",'-18526'),
    array("fan",'-18518'),
    array("fang",'-18501'),
    array("fei",'-18490'),
    array("fen",'-18478'),
    array("feng",'-18463'),
    array("fo",'-18448'),
    array("fou",'-18447'),
    array("fu",'-18446'),
    array("ga",'-18239'),
    array("gai",'-18237'),
    array("gan",'-18231'),
    array("gang",'-18220'),
    array("gao",'-18211'),
    array("ge",'-18201'),
    array("gei",'-18184'),
    array("gen",'-18183'),
    array("geng",'-18181'),
    array("gong",'-18012'),
    array("gou",'-17997'),
    array("gu",'-17988'),
    array("gua",'-17970'),
    array("guai",'-17964'),
    array("guan",'-17961'),
    array("guang",'-17950'),
    array("gui",'-17947'),
    array("gun",'-17931'),
    array("guo",'-17928'),
    array("ha",'-17922'),
    array("hai",'-17759'),
    array("han",'-17752'),
    array("hang",'-17733'),
    array("hao",'-17730'),
    array("he",'-17721'),
    array("hei",'-17703'),
    array("hen",'-17701'),
    array("heng",'-17697'),
    array("hong",'-17692'),
    array("hou",'-17683'),
    array("hu",'-17676'),
    array("hua",'-17496'),
    array("huai",'-17487'),
    array("huan",'-17482'),
    array("huang",'-17468'),
    array("hui",'-17454'),
    array("hun",'-17433'),
    array("huo",'-17427'),
    array("ji",'-17417'),
    array("jia",'-17202'),
    array("jian",'-17185'),
    array("jiang",'-16983'),
    array("jiao",'-16970'),
    array("jie",'-16942'),
    array("jin",'-16915'),
    array("jing",'-16733'),
    array("jiong",'-16708'),
    array("jiu",'-16706'),
    array("ju",'-16689'),
    array("juan",'-16664'),
    array("jue",'-16657'),
    array("jun",'-16647'),
    array("ka",'-16474'),
    array("kai",'-16470'),
    array("kan",'-16465'),
    array("kang",'-16459'),
    array("kao",'-16452'),
    array("ke",'-16448'),
    array("ken",'-16433'),
    array("keng",'-16429'),
    array("kong",'-16427'),
    array("kou",'-16423'),
    array("ku",'-16419'),
    array("kua",'-16412'),
    array("kuai",'-16407'),
    array("kuan",'-16403'),
    array("kuang",'-16401'),
    array("kui",'-16393'),
    array("kun",'-16220'),
    array("kuo",'-16216'),
    array("la",'-16212'),
    array("lai",'-16205'),
    array("lan",'-16202'),
    array("lang",'-16187'),
    array("lao",'-16180'),
    array("le",'-16171'),
    array("lei",'-16169'),
    array("leng",'-16158'),
    array("li",'-16155'),
    array("lia",'-15959'),
    array("lian",'-15958'),
    array("liang",'-15944'),
    array("liao",'-15933'),
    array("lie",'-15920'),
    array("lin",'-15915'),
    array("ling",'-15903'),
    array("liu",'-15889'),
    array("long",'-15878'),
    array("lou",'-15707'),
    array("lu",'-15701'),
    array("lv",'-15681'),
    array("luan",'-15667'),
    array("lue",'-15661'),
    array("lun",'-15659'),
    array("luo",'-15652'),
    array("ma",'-15640'),
    array("mai",'-15631'),
    array("man",'-15625'),
    array("mang",'-15454'),
    array("mao",'-15448'),
    array("me",'-15436'),
    array("mei",'-15435'),
    array("men",'-15419'),
    array("meng",'-15416'),
    array("mi",'-15408'),
    array("mian",'-15394'),
    array("miao",'-15385'),
    array("mie",'-15377'),
    array("min",'-15375'),
    array("ming",'-15369'),
    array("miu",'-15363'),
    array("mo",'-15362'),
    array("mou",'-15183'),
    array("mu",'-15180'),
    array("na",'-15165'),
    array("nai",'-15158'),
    array("nan",'-15153'),
    array("nang",'-15150'),
    array("nao",'-15149'),
    array("ne",'-15144'),
    array("nei",'-15143'),
    array("nen",'-15141'),
    array("neng",'-15140'),
    array("ni",'-15139'),
    array("nian",'-15128'),
    array("niang",'-15121'),
    array("niao",'-15119'),
    array("nie",'-15117'),
    array("nin",'-15110'),
    array("ning",'-15109'),
    array("niu",'-14941'),
    array("nong",'-14937'),
    array("nu",'-14933'),
    array("nv",'-14930'),
    array("nuan",'-14929'),
    array("nue",'-14928'),
    array("nuo",'-14926'),
    array("o",'-14922'),
    array("ou",'-14921'),
    array("pa",'-14914'),
    array("pai",'-14908'),
    array("pan",'-14902'),
    array("pang",'-14894'),
    array("pao",'-14889'),
    array("pei",'-14882'),
    array("pen",'-14873'),
    array("peng",'-14871'),
    array("pi",'-14857'),
    array("pian",'-14678'),
    array("piao",'-14674'),
    array("pie",'-14670'),
    array("pin",'-14668'),
    array("ping",'-14663'),
    array("po",'-14654'),
    array("pu",'-14645'),
    array("qi",'-14630'),
    array("qia",'-14594'),
    array("qian",'-14429'),
    array("qiang",'-14407'),
    array("qiao",'-14399'),
    array("qie",'-14384'),
    array("qin",'-14379'),
    array("qing",'-14368'),
    array("qiong",'-14355'),
    array("qiu",'-14353'),
    array("qu",'-14345'),
    array("quan",'-14170'),
    array("que",'-14159'),
    array("qun",'-14151'),
    array("ran",'-14149'),
    array("rang",'-14145'),
    array("rao",'-14140'),
    array("re",'-14137'),
    array("ren",'-14135'),
    array("reng",'-14125'),
    array("ri",'-14123'),
    array("rong",'-14122'),
    array("rou",'-14112'),
    array("ru",'-14109'),
    array("ruan",'-14099'),
    array("rui",'-14097'),
    array("run",'-14094'),
    array("ruo",'-14092'),
    array("sa",'-14090'),
    array("sai",'-14087'),
    array("san",'-14083'),
    array("sang",'-13917'),
    array("sao",'-13914'),
    array("se",'-13910'),
    array("sen",'-13907'),
    array("seng",'-13906'),
    array("sha",'-13905'),
    array("shai",'-13896'),
    array("shan",'-13894'),
    array("shang",'-13878'),
    array("shao",'-13870'),
    array("she",'-13859'),
    array("shen",'-13847'),
    array("sheng",'-13831'),
    array("shi",'-13658'),
    array("shou",'-13611'),
    array("shu",'-13601'),
    array("shua",'-13406'),
    array("shuai",'-13404'),
    array("shuan",'-13400'),
    array("shuang",'-13398'),
    array("shui",'-13395'),
    array("shun",'-13391'),
    array("shuo",'-13387'),
    array("si",'-13383'),
    array("song",'-13367'),
    array("sou",'-13359'),
    array("su",'-13356'),
    array("suan",'-13343'),
    array("sui",'-13340'),
    array("sun",'-13329'),
    array("suo",'-13326'),
    array("ta",'-13318'),
    array("tai",'-13147'),
    array("tan",'-13138'),
    array("tang",'-13120'),
    array("tao",'-13107'),
    array("te",'-13096'),
    array("teng",'-13095'),
    array("ti",'-13091'),
    array("tian",'-13076'),
    array("tiao",'-13068'),
    array("tie",'-13063'),
    array("ting",'-13060'),
    array("tong",'-12888'),
    array("tou",'-12875'),
    array("tu",'-12871'),
    array("tuan",'-12860'),
    array("tui",'-12858'),
    array("tun",'-12852'),
    array("tuo",'-12849'),
    array("wa",'-12838'),
    array("wai",'-12831'),
    array("wan",'-12829'),
    array("wang",'-12812'),
    array("wei",'-12802'),
    array("wen",'-12607'),
    array("weng",'-12597'),
    array("wo",'-12594'),
    array("wu",'-12585'),
    array("xi",'-12556'),
    array("xia",'-12359'),
    array("xian",'-12346'),
    array("xiang",'-12320'),
    array("xiao",'-12300'),
    array("xie",'-12120'),
    array("xin",'-12099'),
    array("xing",'-12089'),
    array("xiong",'-12074'),
    array("xiu",'-12067'),
    array("xu",'-12058'),
    array("xuan",'-12039'),
    array("xue",'-11867'),
    array("xun",'-11861'),
    array("ya",'-11847'),
    array("yan",'-11831'),
    array("yang",'-11798'),
    array("yao",'-11781'),
    array("ye",'-11604'),
    array("yi",'-11589'),
    array("yin",'-11536'),
    array("ying",'-11358'),
    array("yo",'-11340'),
    array("yong",'-11339'),
    array("you",'-11324'),
    array("yu",'-11303'),
    array("yuan",'-11097'),
    array("yue",'-11077'),
    array("yun",'-11067'),
    array("za",'-11055'),
    array("zai",'-11052'),
    array("zan",'-11045'),
    array("zang",'-11041'),
    array("zao",'-11038'),
    array("ze",'-11024'),
    array("zei",'-11020'),
    array("zen",'-11019'),
    array("zeng",'-11018'),
    array("zha",'-11014'),
    array("zhai",'-10838'),
    array("zhan",'-10832'),
    array("zhang",'-10815'),
    array("zhao",'-10800'),
    array("zhe",'-10790'),
    array("zhen",'-10780'),
    array("zheng",'-10764'),
    array("zhi",'-10587'),
    array("zhong",'-10544'),
    array("zhou",'-10533'),
    array("zhu",'-10519'),
    array("zhua",'-10331'),
    array("zhuai",'-10329'),
    array("zhuan",'-10328'),
    array("zhuang",'-10322'),
    array("zhui",'-10315'),
    array("zhun",'-10309'),
    array("zhuo",'-10307'),
    array("zi",'-10296'),
    array("zong",'-10281'),
    array("zou",'-10274'),
    array("zu",'-10270'),
    array("zuan",'-10262'),
    array("zui",'-10260'),
    array("zun",'-10256'),
    array("zuo",'-10254')
    );
    //拼音转化函数
    function pinyin($str){
        $ret="";
        for($i=0;$i<strlen($str);$i++){
            $p=ord(substr($str,$i,1)); //查看ascii码
            if($p>160){ //如果是中文，再多截取一个字符
                $q=ord(substr($str,++$i,1));
                $p=$p*256+$q-65536;
            }
            $ret.=$this->convert($p);
        }
        return $ret;
    }

    //转化函数
    function convert($num){
        if($num>0&&$num<160){ //如果不是汉字，直接返回相对字符
            return chr($num);
        }elseif($num<"-20319"||$num>"-10247"){
            return "";
        }else{ //汉字，查找对应拼音
            for($i=count($this->_code)-1;$i>=0;$i--){
                if($this->_code[$i][1]<=$num)
                break;
            }
            return substr($this->_code[$i][0],0,1);
        }
    }
}

 

 

下面这个是用来测试代码的:

<?php

include_once 'charset.class.php';
header('content-type: text/html;charset=utf-8');

$charset=new charset();
foreach(array('武汉','中国','上海') as $val){
 echo iconv('gbk','utf-8//ignore',strtoupper($charset->pinyin(mb_convert_encoding($val,'gbk','utf-8'))));
 echo '<br/>';
}

三、这是网上找到个一个方法,经过测试可以正常使用,但对一些生僻字或者特殊字符会有问题.

function getfirstcharter($str){
 if(empty($str)){return '';}
 $fchar=ord($str{0});
 if($fchar>=ord('a')&&$fchar<=ord('z')) return strtoupper($str{0});
 $s1=iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$str);
 $s2=iconv('gb2312','utf-8',$s1);
 $s=$s2==$str?$s1:$str;
 $asc=ord($s{0})*256+ord($s{1})-65536;
 if($asc>=-20319&&$asc<=-20284) return 'a';
 if($asc>=-20283&&$asc<=-19776) return 'b';
 if($asc>=-19775&&$asc<=-19219) return 'c';
 if($asc>=-19218&&$asc<=-18711) return 'd';
 if($asc>=-18710&&$asc<=-18527) return 'e';
 if($asc>=-18526&&$asc<=-18240) return 'f';
 if($asc>=-18239&&$asc<=-17923) return 'g';
 if($asc>=-17922&&$asc<=-17418) return 'h';
 if($asc>=-17417&&$asc<=-16475) return 'j';
 if($asc>=-16474&&$asc<=-16213) return 'k';
 if($asc>=-16212&&$asc<=-15641) return 'l';
 if($asc>=-15640&&$asc<=-15166) return 'm';
 if($asc>=-15165&&$asc<=-14923) return 'n';
 if($asc>=-14922&&$asc<=-14915) return 'o';
 if($asc>=-14914&&$asc<=-14631) return 'p';
 if($asc>=-14630&&$asc<=-14150) return 'q';
 if($asc>=-14149&&$asc<=-14091) return 'r';
 if($asc>=-14090&&$asc<=-13319) return 's';
 if($asc>=-13318&&$asc<=-12839) return 't';
 if($asc>=-12838&&$asc<=-12557) return 'w';
 if($asc>=-12556&&$asc<=-11848) return 'x';
 if($asc>=-11847&&$asc<=-11056) return 'y';
 if($asc>=-11055&&$asc<=-10247) return 'z';
 return null;

}