SpringBoot单元测试如何使用 mock静态方法

1 为什么要对静态方法mock

mockito库并不能 mock静态方法，需要依赖powermock才能对静态方法mock

2 如何使用powermock对静态方法mock

2.1 添加依赖

顺便添加对JsonPath的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <properties> <powermock.version>1.7.0RC4</powermock.version> <mockito.version>2.7.5</mockito.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId> <artifactId>json-path</artifactId> <version>2.4.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- powermock --> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.powermock/powermock-api-mockito --> <dependency><!-- 如果不是springboot,不需要加这个 --> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- powermock --> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.powermock/powermock-api-mockito --> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId> <version>${powermock.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.powermock/powermock-module-junit4 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId> <version>${powermock.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.powermock/powermock-module-junit4-rule --> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4-rule</artifactId> <version>${powermock.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mockito/mockito-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId> <version>${mockito.version}</version><!--$NO-MVN-MAN-VER$--> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>nef-server</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> 

2.2 编写测试类

前提：junit用的是4.12
工具类

public class IDUtil { public static String getSubscriptionId() { String localhost = NetUtil.getLocalhostStr(); log.info("获取到的本地URL是：{}", localhost); return IdUtil.getSnowflake(Math.abs(localhost.hashCode()) % 32, Math.abs(localhost.hashCode()) % 32).nextIdStr(); } } 

测试类

/**
 * <p>事件订阅测试类</p>
 *
 * @Author: lid
 * @Date: 2020-08-19
 */ @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) // 步骤1 @PowerMockRunnerDelegate(SpringRunner.class)// 步骤2 @PowerMockIgnore( {"javax.management.*", "javax.net.*"})// 步骤3 @PrepareForTest(IDUtil.class)// 步骤4：指定提前mock哪个类 @SpringBootTest() public class HelloTest { @Autowired(required = true) private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext; @Autowired(required = false) private MockMvc mockMvc; @Before public void setUp() { mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build(); //步骤5 PowerMockito.mockStatic(IDUtil.class); } @Before public void setUp() { mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build(); PowerMockito.mockStatic(IDUtil.class);// 步骤6 } } 

测试结果

打印结果：
hello

2.3 需要注意的问题

有时候单个方法测试可以通过，但是整个测试类一直运行时通不过，powermock和mockito版本适配如下：

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