Django入门第一个坑

程序员文章站 2022-03-14 21:23:16

首先通过pycharm创建一个Django项目File ==> New ProJect ==> Django先看看目录结构，测试一下看看项目能否正常运行HelloWorld首先，在ulrs.py 配置路由的路径#导入app views 模块from app import viewsurlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('index/', views.index)]其次，在app中的vi...

首先通过pycharm创建一个Django项目

File ==> New ProJect ==> Django

Django入门第一个坑

先看看目录结构，测试一下看看项目能否正常运行

Django入门第一个坑

HelloWorld

首先，在ulrs.py 配置路由的路径

#导入app views 模块
from app import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('index/', views.index)
]

其次，在app中的views.py中编写逻辑代码，要跳转的路径

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html')

最后在，templates目录下创建index.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello World</h1>
</body>
</html>

运行项目

Django入门第一个坑

直接访问http://127.0.0.1:8000

Django入门第一个坑

在请求的URL中加入index / http://127.0.0.1:8000/index

Django入门第一个坑

成功访问！

这个是我学习Django的一个入门案例，但是这次总结的重点不在这，我们接者往下走！！！

数据迁移的坑

先拿出问题一

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module. django配置mysql数据库

F:\workSpace\Python\Book>python manage.py makemigrations
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 15, in <module>
    import MySQLdb as Database
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 117, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 321, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 204, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 201, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 20, in <module>
    ) from err
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

解决方法

将原来的settings.py中的

DATABASES = {
    	'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
     }
 }

修改为

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'bookManager',   //数据库名称
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',      //本机
        'POST':3306,			//端口
        'USER':'root',			//用户名
        'PASSWORD':'root',		//密码
    }
}
#导入 pymysql模块
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

本以为问题都解决结果又来一波

F:\workSpace\Python\Book>python manage.py makemigrations
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 83, in wrapped
    res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\makemigrations.py", line 101, in handle
    loader.check_consistent_history(connection)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 283, in check_consistent_history
    applied = recorder.applied_migrations()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 73, in applied_migrations
    if self.has_table():
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 56, in has_table
    return self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.cursor())
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 256, in cursor
    return self._cursor()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 233, in _cursor
    self.ensure_connection()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 197, in connect
    self.init_connection_state()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 231, in init_connection_state
    if self.features.is_sql_auto_is_null_enabled:
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 80, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\features.py", line 82, in is_sql_auto_is_null_enabled
    cursor.execute('SELECT @@SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL')
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 103, in execute
    sql = self.db.ops.last_executed_query(self.cursor, sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\operations.py", line 146, in last_executed_query
    query = query.decode(errors='replace')
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'

我原地裂开！！

仔细查看最后一行

AttributeError: ‘str’ object has no attribute 'decode’

这不是没设置编码嘛

我进入到里面

Django入门第一个坑

运行成功

Django入门第一个坑

偶偶偶，我又好了！！！！又是开心快乐的一天

本文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45470171/article/details/110238259

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