Python解析、提取url关键字的实例详解

解析url用的类库:

python2版本：

from urlparse import urlparse
import urllib

python3版本：

from urllib.parse import urlparse
import urllib.request

研究了不同的url规则发现：只要在搜索关键字是用=嫁接的，查询的关键在解析后的query里

如果不是用=嫁接，查询的关键在解析后的path里。

解析的规则都是一样的，正则如下：（6中不同情况的组合）

另外host为‘s.weibo.com'的url编码与其他不同要另做处理。

代码如下：有些网站的规则还不是很清楚，需要花大量时间找规则，规则越清晰，关键字就越清楚，如下规则已适合绝大部分网站，酌情参考。

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
from urlparse import urlparse
import urllib
import re
 
# url
source_txt = "e:\\python_anaconda_code\\url.txt"
# 规则
regular = r'(\w+(%\w\w)+\w+|(%\w\w)+\w+(%\w\w)+|\w+(%\w\w)+|(%\w\w)+\w+|(%\w\w)+|\w+)'
 
# 存放关键字
kw_list = list()
 
# key为要研究网站的host，value为关键字的嫁接标识符
dict = {
 "www.baidu.com": "wd=",
 "news.baidu.com": "word=",
 "www.sogou.com": "query=",
 "tieba.baidu.com": "kw=",
 "wenku.baidu.com": "word=",
 "music.sina.com.cn": "k=",
 "www.haosou.com": "q=",
 "www.lagou.com": "list_",
 "www.chunyuyisheng.com": "query=",
 "s.weibo.com": "weibo/"
}
 
def main():
 with open(source_txt, 'r') as f_source_txt:
  for url in f_source_txt:
   host = url.split("//")[1].split("/")[0]
   if host in dict:
    flag = dict[host]
    if flag.find("=") != -1:
     query = urlparse(url).query.replace('+', '')
     kw = re.search(flag + regular, query, re.i) # .group(0)
     if kw:
      kw = urllib.unquote(kw.group(0).split(flag)[1])
      print(kw)
    else:
     path = urlparse(url).path.replace('+', '')
     kw = re.search(flag + regular, path.replace("%25", "%"), re.i)
     if kw:
      kw = urllib.unquote(kw.group(0).split(flag)[1])
      print(kw)
if __name__ == '__main__':
 main()

url.txt的内容如下：

https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=0&rsv_idx=1&ch=&tn=baidu&bar=&wd=python&rn=&oq=&rsv_pq=ece0867c0002c793&rsv_t=edeaqq7ddvznxq%2fzvra5k%2beuanltiuxhgihvutaqdfoecluxr25xkdp%2bi0i&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=1&inputt=218
https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&ch=&tn=baidu&bar=&wd=python%e9%87%8c%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8dict&oq=python&rsv_pq=96c160e70003f332&rsv_t=0880nkovmir3tvoddp1t8eblod8qwr4yep6cfpjqihqnnhdexfuwyofmrx0&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=0&inputt=10411 
https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&ch=&tn=baidu&bar=&wd=python%e9%87%8c%e7%9a%84urlprese&oq=python%25e9%2587%258c%25e7%259a%2584re%25e9%2587%258c%25e7%259a%2584%257c%25e6%2580%258e%25e4%25b9%2588%25e7%2594%25a8&rsv_pq=d1d4e7b90003d391&rsv_t=5ff4vok4eelk1pgj4osk8l0vvkan51%2bl8ns%2fjsubexg7lb7znkctvnvtn8m&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=1&inputt=2797 
https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&ch=&tn=baidu&bar=&wd=python++wo+%e7%88%b1urlprese&oq=python%25e9%2587%258c%25e7%259a%2584urlprese&rsv_pq=eecf45e900033e87&rsv_t=1c70xayhrvw5joza7lpvgt4pw%2bw1to8hqtejth67jgeqfqagydydd25hamu&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=0&inputt=10884 
http://news.baidu.com/ns?word=%e8%b6%b3%e7%90%83&tn=news&from=news&cl=2&rn=20&ct=1 
http://news.baidu.com/ns?ct=1&rn=20&ie=utf-8&bs=%e8%b6%b3%e7%90%83&rsv_bp=1&sr=0&cl=2&f=8&prevct=no&tn=news&word=++++++%e8%b6%b3++%e7%90%83+++++%e4%bd%a0%e5%a5%bd+%e5%98%9b%ef%bc%9f&rsv_sug3=14&rsv_sug4=912&rsv_sug1=4&inputt=8526 
http://tieba.baidu.com/f?ie=utf-8&kw=%e7%ba%a2%e6%b5%b7%e8%a1%8c%e5%8a%a8&fr=search&red_tag=q0224393377 
https://www.sogou.com/web?query=ni+zai+%e6%88%91+%e5%bf%83li&_asf=www.sogou.com&_ast=1520388441&w=01019900&p=40040100&ie=utf8&from=index-nologin&s_from=index&sut=9493&sst0=1520388440692&lkt=8%2c1520388431200%2c1520388436842&sugsuv=1498714959961744&sugtime=1520388440692 
https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python%e5%a4%a7%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%aemr?labelwords=&fromsearch=true&suginput= 
https://www.chunyuyisheng.com/pc/search/?query=%e6%85%a2%e6%80%a7%e4%b9%99%e8%82%9d% 
http://s.weibo.com/weibo/%25e5%2594%2590%25e4%25ba%25ba%25e8%25a1%2597%25e6%258e%25a2%25e6%25a1%25882&refer=index
http://s.weibo.com/weibo/%25e4%25bd%25a0%25e5%25a5%25bd123mm%2520%25e5%2597%25af%2520mm11&refer=stopic_box

结果如下：

如果要研究其他host，可以加到字典dict里。

备注：以上代码和思路仅供参考，如有更好的方法敬请留言！

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