JDBC【PreparedStatment、批处理、处理二进制、自动主键、调用存储过程、函数】
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2022-09-28 21:00:53
1.PreparedStatement对象 PreparedStatement对象继承Statement对象,它比Statement对象更强大,使用起来更简单 1. Statement对象编译SQL语句时,如果SQL语句有变量,就需要使用分隔符来隔开,如果变量非常多,就会使SQL变得非常复杂。 Pr ......
1.PreparedStatement对象
PreparedStatement对象继承Statement对象,它比Statement对象更强大,使用起来更简单
- Statement对象编译SQL语句时,如果SQL语句有变量,就需要使用分隔符来隔开,如果变量非常多,就会使SQL变得非常复杂。PreparedStatement可以使用占位符,简化sql的编写
- Statement会频繁编译SQL。PreparedStatement可对SQL进行预编译,提高效率,预编译的SQL存储在PreparedStatement对象中
- PreparedStatement防止SQL注入。【Statement通过分隔符'++',编写永等式,可以不需要密码就进入数据库】
//模拟查询id为2的信息 String id = "2"; Connection connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection(); String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.preparedStatement(sql); //第一个参数表示第几个占位符【也就是?号】,第二个参数表示值是多少 preparedStatement.setString(1,id); ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); if (resultSet.next()) { System.out.println(resultSet.getString("name")); } //释放资源 UtilsDemo.release(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet);
2.批处理
当需要向数据库发送一批SQL语句执行时,应避免向数据库一条条发送执行,采用批处理以提升执行效率
批处理有两种方式:
- Statement
- PreparedStatement
通过executeBath()方法批量处理执行SQL语句,返回一个int[]数组,该数组代表各句SQL的返回值
以下代码是以Statement方式实现批处理
/* * Statement执行批处理 * * 优点: * 可以向数据库发送不同的SQL语句 * 缺点: * SQL没有预编译 * 仅参数不同的SQL,需要重复写多条SQL * */ Connection connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection(); Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); String sql1 = "UPDATE users SET name='zhongfucheng' WHERE id='3'"; String sql2 = "INSERT INTO users (id, name, password, email, birthday)" + " VALUES('5','nihao','123','ss@qq.com','1995-12-1')"; //将sql添加到批处理 statement.addBatch(sql1); statement.addBatch(sql2); //执行批处理 statement.executeBatch(); //清空批处理的sql statement.clearBatch(); UtilsDemo.release(connection, statement, null);
以下方式以PreparedStatement方式实现批处理
/* * PreparedStatement批处理 * 优点: * SQL语句预编译了 * 对于同一种类型的SQL语句,不用编写很多条 * 缺点: * 不能发送不同类型的SQL语句 * * */ Connection connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection(); String sql = "INSERT INTO test(id,name) VALUES (?,?)"; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); for (int i = 1; i <= 205; i++) { preparedStatement.setInt(1, i); preparedStatement.setString(2, (i + "zhongfucheng")); //添加到批处理中 preparedStatement.addBatch(); if (i %2 ==100) { //执行批处理 preparedStatement.executeBatch(); //清空批处理【如果数据量太大,所有数据存入批处理,内存肯定溢出】 preparedStatement.clearBatch(); } } //不是所有的%2==100,剩下的再执行一次批处理 preparedStatement.executeBatch(); //再清空 preparedStatement.clearBatch(); UtilsDemo.release(connection, preparedStatement, null);
3.处理大文本和二进制数据
clob和blob
- clob用于存储大文本
- blob用于存储二进制数据
MYSQL
MySQL存储大文本是用Test【代替clob】,Test又分为4类
- TINYTEXT
- TEXT
- MEDIUMTEXT
- LONGTEXT
同理blob也有这4类
下面用JDBC连接MySQL数据库去操作大文本数据和二进制数据
/* *用JDBC操作MySQL数据库去操作大文本数据 * *setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,java.io.Reader reader,long length) *第二个参数接收的是一个流对象,因为大文本不应该用String来接收,String太大会导致内存溢出 *第三个参数接收的是文件的大小 * * */ public class Demo5 { @Test public void add() { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); String sql = "INSERT INTO test2 (bigTest) VALUES(?) "; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); //获取到文件的路径 String path = Demo5.class.getClassLoader().getResource("BigTest").getPath(); File file = new File(path); FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(file); //第三个参数,由于测试的Mysql版本过低,所以只能用int类型的。高版本的不需要进行强转 preparedStatement.setCharacterStream(1, fileReader, (int) file.length()); if (preparedStatement.executeUpdate() > 0) { System.out.println("插入成功"); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null); } } /* * 读取大文本数据,通过ResultSet中的getCharacterStream()获取流对象数据 * * */ @Test public void read() { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); String sql = "SELECT * FROM test2"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); if (resultSet.next()) { Reader reader = resultSet.getCharacterStream("bigTest"); FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter("d:\\abc.txt"); char[] chars = new char[1024]; int len = 0; while ((len = reader.read(chars)) != -1) { fileWriter.write(chars, 0, len); fileWriter.flush(); } fileWriter.close(); reader.close(); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet); } }
/* * 使用JDBC连接MYsql数据库操作二进制数据 * 如果我们要用数据库存储一个大视频的时候,数据库是存储不到的。 * 需要设置max_allowed_packet,一般我们不使用数据库去存储一个视频 * */ public class Demo6 { @Test public void add() { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); String sql = "INSERT INTO test3 (blobtest) VALUES(?)"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); //获取文件的路径和文件对象 String path = Demo6.class.getClassLoader().getResource("1.wmv").getPath(); File file = new File(path); //调用方法 preparedStatement.setBinaryStream(1, new FileInputStream(path), (int)file.length()); if (preparedStatement.executeUpdate() > 0) { System.out.println("添加成功"); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null); } } @Test public void read() { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); String sql = "SELECT * FROM test3"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); //如果读取到数据,就把数据写到磁盘下 if (resultSet.next()) { InputStream inputStream = resultSet.getBinaryStream("blobtest"); FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("d:\\aa.jpg"); int len = 0; byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) > 0) { fileOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, len); } fileOutputStream.close(); inputStream.close(); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null); } }
Oracle
下面用JDBC连接Oracle数据库去操作大文本数据和二进制数据
//使用JDBC连接Oracle数据库操作二进制数据 /* * 对于Oracle数据库和Mysql数据库是有所不同的。 * 1.Oracle定义了BLOB字段,但是这个字段不是真正地存储二进制数据 * 2.向这个字段存一个BLOB指针,获取到Oracle的BLOB对象,把二进制数据放到这个指针里面,指针指向BLOB字段 * 3.需要事务支持 * * */ public class Demo7 { @Test public void add() { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection(); //开启事务 connection.setAutoCommit(false); //插入一个BLOB指针 String sql = "insert into test4(id,image) values(?,empty_blob())"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1); preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); //把BLOB指针查询出来,得到BLOB对象 String sql2 = "select image from test4 where id= ? for update"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2); preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1); resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); if (resultSet.next()) { //得到Blob对象--当成是Oracle的Blob,不是JDBC的,所以要强转[导的是oracle.sql.BLOB包] BLOB blob = (BLOB) resultSet.getBlob("image"); //写入二进制数据 OutputStream outputStream = blob.getBinaryOutputStream(); //获取到读取文件读入流 InputStream inputStream = Demo7.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("01.jpg"); int len=0; byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) > 0) { outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len); } outputStream.close(); inputStream.close(); connection.setAutoCommit(true); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { UtilsDemo.release(connection, preparedStatement, null); } } @Test public void find() { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection(); String sql = "SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE id=1"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery(); if (resultSet.next()) { //获取到BLOB对象 BLOB blob = (BLOB) resultSet.getBlob("image"); //将数据读取到磁盘上 InputStream inputStream = blob.getBinaryStream(); FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("d:\\zhongfucheng.jpg"); int len=0; byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) > 0) { fileOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, len); } inputStream.close(); fileOutputStream.close(); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { UtilsDemo.release(connection, preparedStatement, null); } } }
对于JDBC连接Oracle数据库操作CLOB数据,我就不再重复了,操作跟BLOB几乎相同
4.获取数据库的自动主键列
为什么要获取数据库的自动主键列数据?
应用场景:
有一张老师表,一张学生表。现在来了一个新的老师,学生要跟着新老师上课。
我首先要知道老师的id编号是多少,学生才能知道跟着哪个老师学习【学生外键参照老师主键】。
@Test public void test() { Connection connection = null; PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null; ResultSet resultSet = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); String sql = "INSERT INTO test(name) VALUES(?)"; preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); preparedStatement.setString(1, "ouzicheng"); if (preparedStatement.executeUpdate() > 0) { //获取到自动主键列的值 resultSet = preparedStatement.getGeneratedKeys(); if (resultSet.next()) { int id = resultSet.getInt(1); System.out.println(id); } } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null); }
5.调用数据库的存储过程
调用存储过程的语法:
{call <procedure-name>[(<arg1>,<arg2>, ...)]}
调用函数的语法:
{?= call <procedure-name>[(<arg1>,<arg2>, ...)]}
如果是Output类型的,那么在JDBC调用的时候是要注册的。如下代码所示:
/* jdbc调用存储过程 delimiter $$ CREATE PROCEDURE demoSp(IN inputParam VARCHAR(255), INOUT inOutParam varchar(255)) BEGIN SELECT CONCAT('zyxw---', inputParam) into inOutParam; END $$ delimiter ; */ //我们在JDBC调用存储过程,就像在调用方法一样 public class Demo9 { public static void main(String[] args) { Connection connection = null; CallableStatement callableStatement = null; try { connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection(); callableStatement = connection.prepareCall("{call demoSp(?,?)}"); callableStatement.setString(1, "nihaoa"); //注册第2个参数,类型是VARCHAR callableStatement.registerOutParameter(2, Types.VARCHAR); callableStatement.execute(); //获取传出参数[获取存储过程里的值] String result = callableStatement.getString(2); System.out.println(result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { connection.close(); callableStatement.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
参考资料:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------过程 #修改mysql语句的结果符为// mysql > delimiter // #定义一个过程,获取users表总记录数,将10设置到变量count中 create procedure simpleproc(out count int) begin select count(id) into count from users; end // #修改mysql语句的结果符为; mysql > delimiter ; #调用过程,将结果覆给变量a,@是定义变量的符号 call simpleproc(@a); #显示变量a的值 select @a; //以下是Java调用Mysql的过程 String sql = "{call simpleproc(?)}"; Connection conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection(); CallableStatement cstmt = conn.prepareCall(sql); cstmt.registerOutParameter(1,Types.INTEGER); cstmt.execute(); Integer count = cstmt.getInt(1); System.out.println("共有" + count + "人"); ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------函数 #修改mysql语句的结果符为// mysql > delimiter // #定义一个函数,完成字符串拼接 create function hello( s char(20) ) returns char(50) return concat('hello,',s,'!'); // #修改mysql语句的结果符为; mysql > delimiter ; #调用函数 select hello('world'); //以下是Java调用Mysql的函数 String sql = "{? = call hello(?)}"; Connection conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection(); CallableStatement cstmt = conn.prepareCall(sql); cstmt.registerOutParameter(1,Types.VARCHAR); cstmt.setString(2,"zhaojun"); cstmt.execute(); String value = cstmt.getString(1); System.out.println(value); JdbcUtil.close(cstmt); JdbcUtil.close(conn);
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